Introduction to chirality | Stereochemistry | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy

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Introduction to chirality (handedness), and how chirality is related to the groups bonded to a central carbon. Created by Sal Khan.
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Organic Chemistry on Khan Academy: Carbon can form covalent bonds with itself and other elements to create a mind-boggling array of structures. In organic chemistry, we will learn about the reactions chemists use to synthesize crazy carbon based structures, as well as the analytical methods to characterize them. We will also think about how those reactions are occurring on a molecular level with reaction mechanisms. Simply put, organic chemistry is like building with molecular Legos. Let's make some beautiful organic molecules!
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Пікірлер: 221

  • @teerex5626
    @teerex56266 жыл бұрын

    "I'm not going to write the whole thing" (Dead silence. No one arguing with you) "I'll just write the whole thing" hahaha Anyways this video/playlist is super helpful. Thanks.

  • @laughingkoffin

    @laughingkoffin

    4 жыл бұрын

    "won't write whole thing" (Thinks for a while) "Naah, they are dumb, they won't understand")

  • @mohamadhanan5706

    @mohamadhanan5706

    4 жыл бұрын

    lol

  • @mohamadhanan5706

    @mohamadhanan5706

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@laughingkoffin lol hahaha

  • @faycraftsfaycrafts3128
    @faycraftsfaycrafts31289 жыл бұрын

    i am a south african student...just letting you know u helping even us who are so far away..thank you.

  • @gurkiitis112

    @gurkiitis112

    9 жыл бұрын

    fulufhelo nemutandani physics and agriculture are not the same thing

  • @DogeFrom2014

    @DogeFrom2014

    8 жыл бұрын

    +shao khan shut up

  • @gurkiitis112

    @gurkiitis112

    8 жыл бұрын

    DOGE™ make me

  • @DogeFrom2014

    @DogeFrom2014

    8 жыл бұрын

    ***** m9 ill rek u i swear on me mum!!!!

  • @DogeFrom2014

    @DogeFrom2014

    8 жыл бұрын

    ***** don't let your dreams be dreams!!!!!!!!

  • @ThePieMan305
    @ThePieMan3059 жыл бұрын

    wow, I really can't thank you enough sooooo helpful! Thanks for taking time out of your day to make these videos, you help tons of students everywhere!

  • @mistree0007
    @mistree00078 жыл бұрын

    after blackboard is full it looks so pretty with all those colors

  • @ChaoticSerenity
    @ChaoticSerenity12 жыл бұрын

    Thank you sir for helping to simplify the only chemistry I've taken where I can feel the air stir above me as the entire lesson flew over my head.

  • @mohamedfazil6345

    @mohamedfazil6345

    2 жыл бұрын

    9 years ago u made a comment and no likes I fell bad to pass u by. Here's mine👍.go on

  • @shahadali9477

    @shahadali9477

    7 ай бұрын

    That is very caring of u. I'm liking ur comment two years after and his 11 years after wow @@mohamedfazil6345

  • @aizasaed170
    @aizasaed1706 жыл бұрын

    "I am not gonna write the whole thing" "I m gonnna write the whole thing" 😂😂 SAL is the best💜💜

  • @jenniferelisa
    @jenniferelisa11 жыл бұрын

    You are litterally saving me with these videos. I don't get anything in Chemistry but this is wow. So thank you!!

  • @areeb2825
    @areeb282512 жыл бұрын

    Sal I hope you know that you are an inspiration to millions of students around the world watching your videos everyday. I really wish you the best and may you succeed in everything you wish to accomplish

  • @kiwiblueyesdesigns
    @kiwiblueyesdesigns10 жыл бұрын

    I always look up your vid so I can understand organic chemistry. Thank you so much!

  • @jcap0000
    @jcap00003 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for saving me right now, I am actually having trouble understanding it so I searched on youtube. Thank you!

  • @davari24
    @davari2413 жыл бұрын

    sal, you have saved my life, with your organic chemistry videos..!!! awesomeeeeee

  • @superfabulous882
    @superfabulous88210 жыл бұрын

    SOOO HELPFUL. Thank you so much for taking the time to make all these videos!

  • @fatmikecj
    @fatmikecj13 жыл бұрын

    Brilliant video! It's amazing how simple things are when they're explained well.

  • @danceloveeightynine
    @danceloveeightynine10 жыл бұрын

    Thank you Khan Acad! Finally makes sense.

  • @jonasianbuddy
    @jonasianbuddy14 жыл бұрын

    This is so cool. I've never learned this before I saw this video. Love your videos.

  • @Stargazer54321
    @Stargazer543215 жыл бұрын

    This concept was not making any sense to me, but now it does! Thank you.

  • @HungryLioness
    @HungryLioness9 жыл бұрын

    i cannot express my love for this Organic chemistry videos. saving me in college :D

  • @madenaarcher9051
    @madenaarcher90516 жыл бұрын

    You are soooo Briliant....this made things super Clear, Big Thank You

  • @mudassirsayeed9736
    @mudassirsayeed97365 жыл бұрын

    Your Orgo teaching skills are phenomenal Mr. Khan!

  • @webmaster611
    @webmaster61110 жыл бұрын

    HEISENBERGGGG

  • @Forever1DFan100
    @Forever1DFan10010 жыл бұрын

    i love you khan academy :') you make my life simpler. i like your handwriting

  • @siddhu8558
    @siddhu85586 жыл бұрын

    You guys are doing a great job!!

  • @VitaminMePlease
    @VitaminMePlease12 жыл бұрын

    @Casowsky i didn't catch that but that's why I love him. So patient lol.

  • @alexxchavezee
    @alexxchavezee8 жыл бұрын

    I was really worried: I've heard EVERYONE say how difficult oChem is. So when I heard of chirality, I was scared, but this concept comes extremely easy to me.

  • @knucklescapricorn31
    @knucklescapricorn3111 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much, this helped me out heaps!!!

  • @johnhug443
    @johnhug44311 жыл бұрын

    your explanation is fantastic thank you alot!

  • @syedasarafatima5241
    @syedasarafatima52414 ай бұрын

    Thank you sir ❤ you really helped me to ace my topics. From India

  • @ericterry4544
    @ericterry45448 жыл бұрын

    Makes me think of a short story by Arthur C Clarke about a man who accidentally fell into a 4th dimension of space, resulting in all his molecules changing chirality. The result was that he could not attain nourishment from anything he ate and so started starving.

  • @RonZhang
    @RonZhang6 жыл бұрын

    Thank evolution for inventing hands. Now I can take my hands to the exam and no one will punish me!

  • @shakeelasaeed4198
    @shakeelasaeed41986 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much....its so helpful

  • @nguyentien7137
    @nguyentien71376 жыл бұрын

    A HIDEO KOJIMA GAME

  • @redhotchilipepper432
    @redhotchilipepper4324 жыл бұрын

    I prefer to think of it as the study of change

  • @jayasmrmore3687

    @jayasmrmore3687

    3 ай бұрын

    think of what? organic chem?

  • @DaretoSimplify
    @DaretoSimplify13 жыл бұрын

    You are a life saver...! THANKS!

  • @ajkumar2670
    @ajkumar26704 жыл бұрын

    Great help for me you have done

  • @cricketvanicricket6309
    @cricketvanicricket63092 жыл бұрын

    You deserve lot of respect .

  • @CollyInSA
    @CollyInSA10 жыл бұрын

    now i feel like I can teach others organic chemistry! A nice refresher course, wish I continued with organic chemistry in my degree...

  • @laughingkoffin

    @laughingkoffin

    4 жыл бұрын

    So are you teaching now?

  • @IamCOOLtv
    @IamCOOLtv11 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for this! definitely saved me from flunking the exam

  • @Adelfi705
    @Adelfi70511 жыл бұрын

    thank Mr khan!!!! your a star!

  • @IronVigilance
    @IronVigilance6 жыл бұрын

    I'm here to understand Death Stranding better lmao

  • @yungsxma5578

    @yungsxma5578

    6 жыл бұрын

    IronVigilance Gaming 🙌

  • @Gadget-Walkmen

    @Gadget-Walkmen

    5 жыл бұрын

    Same!

  • @laughingkoffin

    @laughingkoffin

    4 жыл бұрын

    System Failed Successfully

  • @pedroparamo4938
    @pedroparamo49387 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much. Great

  • @mechwr
    @mechwr8 жыл бұрын

    Superimposable***

  • @laughingkoffin

    @laughingkoffin

    4 жыл бұрын

    He wrote Superimpossible🤣🤣

  • @suryavikaas5963
    @suryavikaas59636 жыл бұрын

    Sal, the mirror image to be produced is from the right hand( palm side) and not the left.

  • @zarminkhan433
    @zarminkhan4336 жыл бұрын

    Best 👏Thank you so much

  • @tubeyou1901
    @tubeyou190113 жыл бұрын

    i used to watch random useless failblog videos when i was procrastinating. but now i watch Sal's videos when im bored and dont feel like studying!!

  • @jagajagababa
    @jagajagababa6 жыл бұрын

    "I'm not gonna write the whole thing...." "Let me just write the whole thing."

  • @MileyAshleyfan78
    @MileyAshleyfan7812 жыл бұрын

    OMB thaxx a looooot!! You don´t how much u´ve helped me ;)

  • @niteshmeena1959
    @niteshmeena1959 Жыл бұрын

    Thank You Sir 😊

  • @redarmuhammad1953
    @redarmuhammad19539 жыл бұрын

    great illustration

  • @erwa.k.m
    @erwa.k.m7 жыл бұрын

    thank you soooo much

  • @Quintinohthree
    @Quintinohthree11 жыл бұрын

    Depends on what symmetry they have. Even chiral molecules can have symmetry of some sorts.

  • @mawada-ju6ux
    @mawada-ju6ux Жыл бұрын

    thank you sir

  • @brendaaluu
    @brendaaluu9 жыл бұрын

    thank you!!!!

  • @R.K.Chaturvedi342
    @R.K.Chaturvedi34210 жыл бұрын

    Thanks....

  • @pinkhue
    @pinkhue11 жыл бұрын

    I LOVE YOU this makes sense

  • @fungben4097
    @fungben409710 жыл бұрын

    You r awesome!

  • @11Kenjii
    @11Kenjii3 жыл бұрын

    these 10year old videos are gold

  • @maxwell6898
    @maxwell68988 жыл бұрын

    Great video

  • @yonatanterefe6346
    @yonatanterefe63462 жыл бұрын

    Love it from Ethiopia 💯👍

  • @charcoalc5
    @charcoalc513 жыл бұрын

    you are just soooo smart!!!!!!!!!

  • @seanuspaulus
    @seanuspaulus6 жыл бұрын

    Just one question, the hydrogen in the example( in between the other two groups) is in the centre it will still be in the centre which ever way it is rotated ???

  • @laughingkoffin

    @laughingkoffin

    4 жыл бұрын

    It is not in centre, it is in 3d. So in reality you won't be able to tell which one is middle or which one is at the edge

  • @s0m0c
    @s0m0c12 жыл бұрын

    Gracias.

  • @mahiislam3686
    @mahiislam36865 жыл бұрын

    tnx again for this another helpful video...I jst have this one doubt regarding chiral carbon...so..if there is one ethyl group and one butyl group at two sides of one carbon nd two different groups on other two sides..will it be chiral carbon..or not??I mean.. are ethyl and butyl are two different groups here??advanced tnx..

  • @geeca85
    @geeca8512 жыл бұрын

    Some hands on learning, going on here.

  • @DaKingCobra11
    @DaKingCobra1112 жыл бұрын

    @DaKingCobra11 The hand example is a 2 dimensional figure so I can rotate it to be superimposable.. But if it was SP3 molecule you couldn't superimpose them.... am I seeing this right?

  • @katakaka1z
    @katakaka1z13 жыл бұрын

    Awesomeeee !!! =D FinaLy i get itt .. thx

  • @shreyajvs5028
    @shreyajvs50285 жыл бұрын

    Meso tartaric acid has a non superimposible mirror image (R,S) and (S,R)... so is it chiral?

  • @akshan1107
    @akshan110710 жыл бұрын

    Sal's everyone's favourite uncle :)

  • @Gojeno626
    @Gojeno62610 жыл бұрын

    When I give a speech on my med graduation day, I will say 'I would like to thanks those who has always been there for me, and those are, Mr Google, KhanAcademy and Mr KZread'.

  • @rurueuedits

    @rurueuedits

    3 жыл бұрын

    ms*

  • @jayasmrmore3687

    @jayasmrmore3687

    3 ай бұрын

    Huh?@@rurueuedits

  • @amory88
    @amory8813 жыл бұрын

    How would you find R or S if there is no chiral center on your line drawing?

  • @LeoTheDragonKing
    @LeoTheDragonKing5 жыл бұрын

    When is chemistry for 12th India coming in app?

  • @blisscinema9775
    @blisscinema97758 жыл бұрын

    you rock...

  • @bobagopaa
    @bobagopaa10 жыл бұрын

    BASED KHAN

  • @mythbusterman8541
    @mythbusterman85414 жыл бұрын

    If I raise my left hand and touch the mirror the hand in the mirror directly superimposes onto the hand touching the mirror so I don’t understand.

  • @VinnyMartello
    @VinnyMartello11 жыл бұрын

    I sit in class for 1 hour and 20 minutes hearing the droning of a refrigerator and learn nothing. I sit here for 6 minutes and it starts to make sense.

  • @spontaneousgemini601
    @spontaneousgemini60113 жыл бұрын

    @amory88 R and S only work for chiral centers..

  • @panzer2686
    @panzer2686 Жыл бұрын

    "I'm not gonna write the entire thing." "I'll just write the entire thing." Man was defeated.

  • @sohailmahmodi734
    @sohailmahmodi7344 жыл бұрын

    Ok it veary good,thak

  • @wiwiwi6446
    @wiwiwi6446 Жыл бұрын

    I don't even need to know this, but his voice makes me feel clever and I'm in exam week so... yeh xd

  • @jayasmrmore3687

    @jayasmrmore3687

    3 ай бұрын

    Always good to have more knowledge

  • @davidtownsend6367
    @davidtownsend63676 жыл бұрын

    L-form and D-form, are how the molecule "bends light". R- and S- designation, are shorthand to distinguish between the two enantiomers, left or right handedness of molecule. Eg, when the smallest side group attached to a chiral carbon, is placed at rear of molecule, then the three other groups may rotate clockwise (R-), or anticlockwise (S-), going from heaviest side group, to second heaviest, then third. Oggston discovered that nature can tell the difference between 2 different, and two similar side groups, by the nature of attachment. The example Biochemists quote is cis-aconitate in TCA cycle. Might well apply to Glutamic acid, eg MSG. Hope it wasn't synthetically sourced, Chemists just don't get 100% Yields in such reactions (Racemisation)!!!

  • @Casowsky
    @Casowsky13 жыл бұрын

    "I'm not gonna write the whole thing, you know, not, superimposable... I'll just write the whole thing..." lmao

  • @subashinisri9547
    @subashinisri95472 жыл бұрын

    Here after 10 years,,,🔥....

  • @projectvenusblake
    @projectvenusblake12 жыл бұрын

    Wait so are only asymmetrical molecules chiral, or can symmetrical molecules be chiral?

  • @davidtownsend6367
    @davidtownsend63676 жыл бұрын

    Chiral centres are applicable in amino acids, though some are likely to be Oggston's 3-point attachment theorem. Hence, they are essential in enzymes (in nature L-form). So, primary, secondary, tertiary structures of enzymes would be altered by D-form, I believe.

  • @davidtownsend6367

    @davidtownsend6367

    6 жыл бұрын

    Imagine an enzyme as, a left hand glove on a right hand? Maybe, driving gloves?????

  • @julienpregent4397
    @julienpregent43978 жыл бұрын

    There's a spelling mistake in this video Sal!!! It's spelled superimposable not superimposible

  • @stevekhan4063
    @stevekhan406310 жыл бұрын

    I'm a little confused, at 4:02 you mentioned carbon is bonded with CH 3 a methyl group ? isn't it an ethyl since it's two carbon and not one ? eth= 2 carbon, and meth=1 carbon ? or do i got it wrong ?

  • @bjl687

    @bjl687

    9 жыл бұрын

    It's methyl. When considering identifying a group you just identify what protrudes from the central Carbon...since only CH3 protrudes from the central Carbon than it is only a Methyl. If you were to name the molecule though it would be Ethyl: 1-Bromo-1-Fluroehtyl (the rules for naming molecules IUPAC and naming groups can be a bit tricky and requires work to learn)

  • @antuck1
    @antuck112 жыл бұрын

    So the two carbons in the top right are chiral? But they are bonded to the same four groups, just in a different 3D shape...

  • @mashnbangers22
    @mashnbangers2212 жыл бұрын

    cutest friggen hand drawing evah

  • @justkidding57
    @justkidding577 жыл бұрын

    4:40 i think sal messed up the mirror image drawing of the molecule. the methyl group should have a dashed line and the hydrogen should have a wedged line

  • @goclbert

    @goclbert

    7 жыл бұрын

    TeaNcrumpets RS That would be the same molecule. Sal drew the mirror image.

  • @aleej3315
    @aleej33153 жыл бұрын

    “This concept explains hands in general”

  • @kaliakoirmodelhighschool4190
    @kaliakoirmodelhighschool41907 жыл бұрын

    CH3-CH2-CH=CH2 Is this a chiral compound?

  • @Alex-ob7qc
    @Alex-ob7qc9 жыл бұрын

    if you take the mirror image of the chiral carbon, wouldn't the methyl group go toward the back and the hydrogen go toward us (the front)?

  • @andrewmaldonado2603

    @andrewmaldonado2603

    8 жыл бұрын

    No but that's an easy mistake to make. Look closely at the planes in which each of the three groups below the carbon are in. If you looked at it from above (looking downward through the fluorine and carbon) you would see the molecules arranged methane, bromine, hydrogen (counterclockwise) on the left compound. If you looked down on the other it would be methane, hydrogen, bromine. If you rotated the left compound one "tick" counterclockwise, you would have the bromine in back and the hydrogen on the left.

  • @oliverisaac1132

    @oliverisaac1132

    8 жыл бұрын

    +andrew maldonado I was confused too but thanks, your explanation helped

  • @famguy218
    @famguy21810 жыл бұрын

    I have an orgo exam in 2 days; I was super pissed until I saw your videos.

  • @hasanhammad0
    @hasanhammad06 жыл бұрын

    I always watch these videos at ×1.25 speed.

  • @ahmadchimany5366
    @ahmadchimany53664 жыл бұрын

  • @matthewbartsh9167
    @matthewbartsh9167 Жыл бұрын

    The Wikipedia article on chirality is good.

  • @zoecarlibur
    @zoecarlibur3 жыл бұрын

    Chiral Network

  • @bhatmasdal
    @bhatmasdal14 жыл бұрын

    the 1st person to view this! yay!

  • @kru1552
    @kru155211 жыл бұрын

    It is also called a stereogenic carbon.

  • @Gmoney0731
    @Gmoney07314 жыл бұрын

    I definitely see a yellow hand not a green one lol

  • @VidaxTheDragonMage
    @VidaxTheDragonMage6 жыл бұрын

    are chiral molecules always enantiomers?

  • @jayasmrmore3687

    @jayasmrmore3687

    3 ай бұрын

    not necessarily