The final episode of this series is coming up... About the most intense region around a black hole - the accretion disk and relativistic jets! I hope to see you there! The first 100 people to download Endel at app.adjust.com/b8wxub6?campaign=astrum_may&adgroup=youtube will get a free week of audio experiences!

@-OBJ

2 жыл бұрын

Congrats on a million subs!

@gravoc857

2 жыл бұрын

Have you discussed the inner event horizon of a black hole on this series yet? If not, I’d love to see it! Thank you for these amazing videos :) For easier reference, it’s also called the Cauchy horizon.

@sincerewyd2285

2 жыл бұрын

I'm sorry but.. our Enery crises was made by us.. only because our ancestors elected fossil fuels over, sodium salt batteries, earth's natural resonances (pyramids&water halls) telsa had a good chance at making our planet utopian, but sadly it's a dysfunctional dystopia realm that we are in thanks too J.P Morgan. He was the one to supress Tesla and bells ingenuity.. infact in 1888 a car was built that ran of sodium salt and water.. go to your oldest library and look up the oldest books about mechanics u can find.. in Vancouver Canada there is a book that is dated back to 1792 and in that it read a man made a blimp with a giant "luminous spectacle that shown down upon his farm"... sounds much like a giant spot light too me

@sincerewyd2285

2 жыл бұрын

What if a black hole goes through a magnetic shift?

@FrankBurnham

2 жыл бұрын

Dude thank you. I listen to your films🪐 every night☄️ before bed about the moons of the gas giants. 🌙

The way a blackhole "stores" mass is one of the craziest parts of them for me. It's so unintuitive like everything else that is at the extremes of physics. Wild how the way things intuitively feel to us is destroyed when things get too small or too dense.

@thomasbarrack1384

2 жыл бұрын

Our intuition is only somewhat relevant when we think about the time, and size scale we inhabit. We can't really intuit very large or small systems.

@Dudleymiddleton

2 жыл бұрын

Aperture science! :)

@Dudleymiddleton

2 жыл бұрын

I remember learning about white dwarf material being as dense as say a golf ball of it being the same mass as the Earth - and this is real!

@thomasbarrack1384

2 жыл бұрын

@@Dudleymiddleton I think what you were trying to illustrate is the fact that it the earth were shrunk down to the size of a pool que ball. It would actually be 100 times smoother than said q ball, or something like that.

@jolness1

2 жыл бұрын

@@Dudleymiddleton the types of matter in large neutron stars even should be properly weird. I’m sure In 10yrs we will have a different understanding, I know somewhat recently we found a neutron star that was more massive than what we thought is possible. The little bit we know of these things is mind blowing and we barely have any grasp of them. That’s so exciting to me but also a little sad knowing that the true nature of things is probably much more strange and interesting.

Everytime i see a "confirmed" image of a blackhole i wonder what would Einstein's first words would be if he was here and now seeing an image of something beyond imagination that he predicted to be actually something that exists. It's incredible that we can snap a photograph of something so mysterious and so hard to spot.

@stefankatsarov5806

2 жыл бұрын

Wasnt he the person that predicted black holes didnt exist. He predicted the existence of worm holes ( there is a theory that black and whit holes are worm holes ).

@benjaminlin6214

2 жыл бұрын

I read Epstein and was confused.

@rogerparker5962

2 жыл бұрын

“Yup”

@SomeAustrianPainter

2 жыл бұрын

He wouldn’t care; because by now, he’d be devoted to finally proving that pee is stored in the balls.

@shunnie8482

2 жыл бұрын

@@stefankatsarov5806 using his equations he predicted the existence of black holes but because it was so bizarre he didnt believe that it existed. Think of it like white holes in our time, we know that it should exist but we havent observed any and it seems bizarre to think about

Congrats on 1M subs!!!!!!!!!!!!

@makoyoverfelt3320

2 жыл бұрын

nobody deserves it more

@Cmoss114

2 жыл бұрын

It's almost serendipitous that my 2 favorite space science youtubers, astrum and anton petrov, both hit 1 million subs at nearly the exact same time. Congrats brotha

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 🤗

@jlet4ever

Жыл бұрын

Subway is pretty popular

@realitynowassigned

Жыл бұрын

"million point 2"

What absolutely gobsmacks me is just how smart some people are that can get a handle on this. Extraordinary stuff, fantastic presentation, thankyou.

@matthewphilpott1702

2 жыл бұрын

Have you ever dared to read the mathmatical mechanics of a theoretical black hole's electro-magnetic fluctuation fields when it interacts with an m-theory neutron star? Its absolutely insane. I have a deep love for anyone with the patience to work out these insane long equations, graphs and physical mechanics of it all.

@poppacapps5573

2 жыл бұрын

Awe shucks.thanks.

@rossmcleod7983

2 жыл бұрын

@@matthewphilpott1702 if you were to ask me how best to propagate tuberous begonias or catch a trout from the local creeks - I’m your man. I don’t know how a toaster works….full credit to those that do.

A couple of notes and corrections. 01:45 It's not right to think of a BH as "an object" in space, or even in spacetime: _It's not in anyone's past light cone, thus _*_causally_*_ impossible to observe,_ except indirectly, by its acting on matter that is! This maybe _kinda_ OK but comes dangerously close to transgressing the Einstein's adage that an explanation ought to be as simple as possible, but no simpler. This is not a pedantic statement, it's important to understand. 03:15 A theoretical charged BH is not creating an intrinsic magnetic field. I'd rather say "think of it as a giant comb that has charged from your combing your hair." No doubt, Alex knows the difference between the electrostatic and magnetic fields; it's just a slip of the tongue. 03:20 No, scientists don't track BH charges by observing charged test particles. There is no evidence of charged black holes existing. If there were a mechanism creating charged BHs, there is just too much ionized matter in the Universe for any BH to have had lost its charge in an astronomical instant by attracting charges of the right sign. Also, observations of BHs are very indirect-from BH interacting with the rest of the Universe, like accreting matter or having a star as a binary companion, etc.-and there are almost no “objects known to have a charge” that could help such an observation. And if a charged BH dwells somewhere in the deep intergalactic space where there is almost no matter to neutralize its charge, we could not observe it, precisely for the lack of interaction. In the end, a charged BH is akin to the Russel's teapot: physically possible but practically unobservable. Same 04:10, you don't need to factor in charge, real BHs have none. 04:40 There is no evidence of micro BHs. It has to be said explicitly that they are only theorized. There are even smaller ones, in theory, with the mass of a mountain and the size of a proton. GR is a classical, non-quantized theory, so in it you can have as large or small a BH as you want. 07:05 The Kerr's ring singularity also has zero volume, it's infinitely thin. The ring shape is a _solution to the geometry_ of spacetime warped by stress-energy field with spin, but is not necessary to _define_ spin. A point singularity could in principle have an angular momentum, just like it has a mass and energy in the non-rotating case. And, as Alex duly notes later, infinite density is non-physical. It's the theory that breaks down at this scale, not necessarily spacetime. 07:15 There are things much stranger than with traveling backward in time inside the horizon, if you consider the fact that timelike geodesics become spacelike there, and, conversely, spacelike geodesics turn timelike. Now _that_ is unimaginably strange. The singularity is more akin to "place" in time than in space: however you move, it's in your future time. In your _kind of_ 3-dimensional future time. +1000 internets if you can image this "inside-out" spacetime, where time and space trade places. I cannot. 08:00 “As we travel from the center of the black hole, we pass through event horizon.” 🤦 This makes no sense, it is impossible. It's the defining feature of the black hole and the horizon. There is no direction "out" inside the horizon: the essential singularity is in the future from any event in that spacetime. Alex describes it backwards: as you fall into a BH, an outside observer sees your clock asymptotically slowing down to a halt, so that it never sees you crossing the horizon; it only observes how you become sluggish and redshift into oblivion in the infinite limit (all photons you emit approach infinite _z_ at the horizon). Boy, how this brain fart could have only happened! He indeed gave the right picture in the previous videos, and more than once! 09:20 It must be noted that the lightlike geodesics curling in on themselves around a BH are divergent, i.e. the "shell of light" is in an unstable equilibrium, like a pencil balanced standing on its point. It's not like light is trapped there forever; any spacetime perturbation (e.g., accreting matter) releases the trapped light. So no, its unlikely that light can accumulate for "millions of years" there. 10:00 to 11:50 There are no frames of reference in nature, it's an imaginary prop to do calculations. GR is a background-free theory. _It is the very spacetime itself that flows not only "into" the EH, but also "sideways" around a spinning mass._ Alex did mention that at the start, but then switched to assigning supraluminal motion to frames, which is confusing, as if it were a coordinate effect. “Frame dragging” is really an unfortunate misnomer. BTW, any angular momentum causes it; the rotating Earth is also dragging spacetime with it. It's a tiny effect, but has been measured: first, IIRC, from the Gravity Probe A and B satellites data, further enhanced by LAGEOS I and II; google up "Lense-Thirring effect."

@kennedymwangi5973

2 жыл бұрын

Man, i noticed a few more bloops but thanks for highlighting the major ones. A video like this can be very misleading for someone who is actually trying to understand.

@ivarbrouwer197

2 жыл бұрын

Great additions, thnx! As to imagining space time inside out: I imagine the pressure on reality/time becoming so big that it allows stacking matter on the same space time axis. to do this a fifth axis might be locally created by pressuring more in one volume: so, because matter has no more ways to compactify, the only way is to use time as a physical attribute. (Sort of can visualize it, by having a triangle: quantum physics says there’s always an angle but a black hole transforms that triangle into a line: there’s no way anymore for the required variations to make time go into any direction: and the direction would always be forward) (I’m helped by a visual mind and no mathematical background, so I might mis something’s entirely)

@japan1001ify

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for clearing this up

@jondunmore4268

Жыл бұрын

You blew my mind more than the video. Excellent thinking. They are using "understandable" concepts in their descriptions of these indescribable items.

@attractivegd9531

Жыл бұрын

Can't there be also BH that have very small density (I'm talking less than the density of water for example) but super huge size?

There was a sci-fi novel I believed was called "For Love of Mother Not" in which a tiny black hole is formed by a spaceship in front of itself, and like the proverbial carrot on a stick, the ship would fall into the black hole while also maintaining its distance in front of the ship. I've always kept that idea in mind whenever I hear of the possibility of going faster than light.

@alexdevey3188

Жыл бұрын

yeah, like causing whorl pool and keeping close enough for forward momentum.

I believe the Alcubierre drive operates on a principle similar to if not the same as Frame Dragging. With enough energy it's mathematically possible to warp the fabric of space-time in such a way as to basically be falling forward into the warped space-time stretched in front of the vessel while the rear of it would have compressed space-time essentially pushing it. This requires a level of energy that we are no where near close to making at this point in time.

@kjbaran

2 жыл бұрын

With this technology, my spacecraft could look like a home in the suburbs as space-time would be the vehicle moving it.

@21Strikerz

2 жыл бұрын

sounds like something bob lazar said.

@ckdigitaltheqof6th210

2 жыл бұрын

"Level of energy no where near" ...well than, why question the possibility, since one cannot prove it doesn't wotk🤨, That is what String theariest get rightous like. I will say, it would be the most massive structure naturally, to use like a time machine, but not the only way.

@ckdigitaltheqof6th210

2 жыл бұрын

@@21Strikerz Bob *Lizard* ? The Zeta technology capturing imbasitor? ( 😆) yes, might know much. ....so which one was "Robert?"🤔 ....🤫

@Grak70

2 жыл бұрын

Not only do you need massive amounts of energy, but this idea won’t function without exotic matter having negative mass.

When I was a kid, I read Harry Harrisons's "Bill, the Galactic Hero". It's a short sci-fi strory from 1965. It mostly revolves around humour (pretty good one), politics, personal and social problems. Very recommended. In this strory the interstellar travels described as stretching the spaceship itself to the size of a universe and more and then re-assembling it to the point of destination. Like a rubber band, that you may stretch between your hands without actually moving it and then just release one of the hands. Every time when I hear that scientists talk about the impossibility of traveling faster than light, I always think about universe's inflation, black holes existence and this fictional analogy. It's better than just giving up the whole idea for me.

One of the most fascinating subjects on space! Black holes are changing the way we think about much of the universe. It seems that the more we learn, the more we realize just how little we really know! Congratulations on your new subscriber count- well deserved. I know just how much work you put into your videos.

@jennyanydots2389

2 жыл бұрын

I thought this video was going to be about a different kind of black hole. (_)_):::::::::D--- -- -

Properly speaking, a black hole is not an object in space. It's rather a region marking the end of local spacetime geodesics.

@katchaontheflipside

2 жыл бұрын

I was thinking about this too. But a black hole can grow larger. Which makes it an object i think

@cykkm

2 жыл бұрын

@@katchaontheflipside Any theory can define objects however it pleases. Objects do not exist in the world outside of theories that carve them out of observable reality. What makes BH suspiciously unlike most other things called “objects” in physics is that they are acausal: there are no observers that have the BH in their past light cones, thus, in itself, unobservable in principle. We can observe its effects on events within our spacetime, and thus on "normal" objects, but not the BH itself.

@katchaontheflipside

2 жыл бұрын

@@cykkm As ur saying it an object only exists when it is observed. That theory falls apart on larger then quantum scale. The mass of a BH is causal to its gravitational impact. Just like a sun, planet, etc. The spacetime gets contorted by the object, not the other way around.

"You might wonder how we know these things" -That right there is what makes this channel better than the rest

This series on black holes is truly amazing. Your entire channel for that matter is wonderful! 👍

@DanielAppleton-lr9eq

9 ай бұрын

It's better by an order of several magnitudes than a lot of video series dealing with physics, astronomy & related areas.

Dude! You're amazing. Loving this series and what I am picking up/learning. Veritasium covered gravity and frames of reference. Your discussion of it in this context and over the past episodes just opened more insights and has helped me to get a better idea of some of the concepts which (at this level) are heaps more accessible than I had imagined. All your stuff is great!

Love you astrum. These are wild topics youre exploring, much respect. Space stuff is so cool

@davinawonderling9361

2 жыл бұрын

John, I stand in awe of it all, too! 😊

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

@@davinawonderling9361 hello 👋

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 🤗

I've been an avid admirer of Black Holes since I was a wee lad. It went from fascination and awe as a child, to awe and desire to know more as a teenager, to desire to know more and anxiety considering the possibilities of the unknown as a young adult, to understanding more and not having any fear/anxiety of them now. I'm excited to learn more and know more without the fear of the unknown crushing, spacetime condensing abyss' of the universe. Thank for this wonderful series!

Thanks for mentioning that the size of the actual BH is really the Planck Length point at its center, and when we talk about a BH's size or mass, we're really referring to all the junk in its event horizon.

@cykkm

2 жыл бұрын

It does not have to be on the order of the Planck length. We know that all theories break at this scale, that's true. But nobody knows if GR wouldn't break down at, say, the scale of 10¹² the P.l. We don't have a _small_ scale gravity theory, and don't even know how small is this _small._ And we never probed Nature experimentally even at this much larger scale.

@quantumtacos

2 жыл бұрын

Agree, but similarly it's worth pointing out that we don't yet know if either of those things is sure yet either. In fact we know that quantum mechanics does not accurately describe gravity at the planck length, and we know with reasonable presumption that the current solutions of general relativity do not accurately describe spacetime at the event horizon. In the case of quantum gravity it's because current theory simply makes no attempt to describe it, and for general relativity at the event horizon it's more or less the same: we use the Schwarzschild metric to describe the spacetime around the event horizon, and since that metric assumes that the observer is infinitely far away from the black hole, it's no surprise that some other infinities pop out in the results. We mostly presume that the happenings directly around the event horizon are much more mundane than existing calculations suggest, but it turns out that tensor calculus is very time-consuming and so nobody has yet calculated the Christoffel symbols to produce a metric tensor that would describe what the spacetime would typically look like around a typical black hole from a typical planet at some typical distance away.

@justdave9610

2 жыл бұрын

@@quantumtacos that's typically how it works out to be under typical conditions

@jengleheimerschmitt7941

2 жыл бұрын

...the event horizon it what has a diameter. It has nothing to do with "junk". The event horizon is what defines the BH. The supposed singularity doesn't have a size. It's not a Planck sized thing, it's a matematical singularity. ...as far as we know.

@justdave9610

2 жыл бұрын

@@jengleheimerschmitt7941 there isn't typically any junk or mass in the event horizon area either except when the B-hole is actively accreting it. Otherwise it is all in the point like center we call the singularity though physically it's very likely an aproximation and not actually infinitely dense but that's my opinion because no one knows or ever will know for certain I think

I get the frames or reference point, but I’ve been thinking that that speed would only be kept within the ergosphere. What moves an object within the ergosphere faster than light is the space that’s dragging it - kinda like a Alcubierre drive right? If that’s the case, no momentum is actually being given to the ship right. If momentum was being added it would then be able to go faster than light, as in the matter itself would be moving the speed of light not just the ship from an outside perspective. If that’s the case wouldn’t it mean that as soon as you leave the ergosphere your relative speed would be the same as when you entered? Your actual speed would never go up since there isn’t a sustained effect like their is in the ergosphere. When I watched the kurzgesagt video on this I kinda had the impression it was slowing the rotation of the black hole and giving it to whatever entered and exited the ergosphere (so like slowing down the rotation of the space). But even then I’m still confused on how it does that. Like how it transfers the energy. I don’t know I’m probably misunderstanding something about how it works. So I mean feel free to correct me on how I’m thinking 🤷🏿‍♀️

@KYDONSHADOW

2 жыл бұрын

I was actually thinking this same thing, no energy is being given to you by the frame of reference being drug so you shouldn't leave with any more energy than you would've had outside the ergosphere. If you can manipulate the frame of reference around your ship however then you basically have an Alcubierre Drive and your local speed will be amplified relativisticly

@MrRobertX70

2 жыл бұрын

You’re correct. This “faster than light speed” title is simply click bait.

@jibreelgonzalous319

2 жыл бұрын

@@MrRobertX70 I mean I get the ftl part since I mean that’s basically what warp is but I’m just saying I don’t think you could get any actual energy out of it

@cykkm

2 жыл бұрын

“I don’t think you could get any actual energy out of it” - I don't want to sound like I'm appealing to authority, but if Penrose thinks you can, then the idea probably requires a more careful consideration. In the Penrose process, an object enters the ergosphere then divides into two: one part falls into the BH, another leaves the ergosphere. In Alex's thought experiment, it's the rocket exhaust that falls into the BH (he should have been more explicit about it), and the rocket escapes. Now consider angular momentum conservation: the infalling part reduces the BH angular momentum, since you're in the dragged rotating spacetime so that its a.m. contribution is negative (you only borrow the extra momentum when enter the ergosphere). The part that leaves the spinning spacetime must carry the excess away. It's this simple, qualitatively. And you're right, the FTL part is irrelevant.

@Dragrath1

2 жыл бұрын

The problem with this whole concept that @Astrum missed is that light in GR doesn't change in speed under frame dragging rather it changes in energy. This is generally true for anything under frame dragging but light has no mass and so it only varies in frequency or wavelength. The speed of light speed isn't really a speed in this context but a geometric conversion constant between the dimensions of space and time in spacetime. You can't move FTL this way but you can boost the energy of light an effect which has likely been observed around a supermassive black hole. The Penrose process can however be exploited by using a laser in a precise orbit which brings the laser right back to you where it can in principal be reabsorbed forming a drive which can accelerate a craft sizably by drawing angular momentum from a black hole to reach significant fractions of the speed of light regardless of the mass of your spaceship (so long a sit is much less than the mass of the black hole) in what Dr. Kipping calls the Halo drive. This lets you get energy from the black hole but you are not moving FTL merely taking energy from the black hole. Frame dragging effects energy and time dilation too so the odd effects all cancel out as a whole beyond the transfer of energy.

Congrats, Astrum! It's been a journey

Another great video. You are a true scientist, humbly recognizing how ideas change and evolve.

Thank you so much for your videos. They help me more than I can describe.

A well deserved congratulations on the 1M subscribers. Well done. These objects are absolutely fascinating.

Love seeing how far you’ve come man! Congrats on 10^6 subs :D

@pauls5745

Жыл бұрын

1.17E6

Awesome channel with awesome content and great quality 🌍💯

Amazing video! I loved the info about frame dragging, I learned something! And as always, fantastic graphics 🙌

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 🤗

Thanks for this new video! I really like your information and the way you present it. I love the 5 part black hole playlist.

Another great video. Thank you Alex and team.

You’re awesome, dude. 👍 Thank you for these incredible videos and observations. ✨

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 🤗

How lucky are we to be able to watch Astrum videos!!!

Congratz on the 1M subs. Great science channel.

thank you for this offering. one of my absolute favorite youtube channels. i tell everyone.

4:37 - Wait a second… so it’s theoretically possible something the size of a grain of sand, yet with the mass of the moon could be in our solar system right now? Would we know or be able to detect it? What if it hit the Earth? Would it be like the moon hitting us or would it just punch a microscopic hole right through? Or would Earth get sucked into it?

@greenl7661

2 жыл бұрын

Don't worry they don't exist outside of theory

@ArawnOfAnnwn

Жыл бұрын

Theoretically yeah, they can go as small as you like. However tiny black holes like that would radiate away in an instant via Hawking Radiation pretty much as soon as they're formed, so you'd never see it. If they exist, you'd only see a tiny flash of radiation as they disappear - if you're really lucky. If a somewhat larger (but still small in volume) and so more long-lasting black hole were to hit Earth, it'd plow right through the planet like a bullet. PBS Spacetime has an entire video on this scenario.

@anonymous-rb2sr

Жыл бұрын

@truthsmiles it's true that something that weighs as much as the moon in the volume of space of a grain of sand would be quite dense, but don't worry, it wouldn't be anywhere near as dense as you for thinking we could have missed something weighing as much as the fucking moon in the solar system

@anonymous-rb2sr

Жыл бұрын

@@greenl7661 the hallmark of all great theories, when they're so incoherent that you begin to claim your mathematical errors are physical objects

@pauls5745

Жыл бұрын

@@anonymous-rb2sr but here we talk about measurable effects, and it's safe to say none are anywhere close to our system

I can't help but wonder if black holes can act like "great recycling machines" in the universe, that transfer matter into (converted gas/dust/atomic molecular building blocks type of substance) Maybe something like that is what we consider a "big bang type event?" Or black holes could recycle into other far regions of our own universe that is beyond our reach of observation due to the limitations of the speed of light constrictons OR possibly black holes share matter to regions that are considered another universe? I've always enjoyed hypothesizing the analogy of "Bubble's of Oil in Water- or water droplets on a spiderweb" where each bubble is it's own universe, that can interact/bump into each other, have black holes connect from 1 to another. Maybe each universe is randomly generated to certain laws of it's physics. Some stable, some not. That's just how I like to enjoy it. Or it could just be this one universe, is it just this one growing evolving changing universe? Could black holes, neutron stars, pulsars, quasars, super nova's, have enough power in certain aspects of physics, that they do things we have yet to comprehend what comes from those immense energy output's of electromagnetic fields, Gravity Wells, concentrated radiation, gamma rays, pressures, temperatures and temperature differences, friction, static charges, velocity's, density's on scales we can't even remotely comprehend even in our best super computers. I'm just messing around with ideas. Im in no way saying I know anything. What I do know is nature never ceases to amaze me. So I will not be surprised to get further surprised at what we continue to learn about this spacious void we live in that has vast amounts of something, even in those voids of space that we thought contained nothing. It's all just facinating, Nature has this way of surpassing my imaginations creativity. It always finds a way to convert things in order to not waste things. Everytime I dive into the micro world, or zoom out and observe the greater manner a specific ecosystem functions, I'm continuously finding myself surprised at how Nature functions, the depth to the complexity is endless, no matter how far you zoom in or zoom out, it's filled with immense detail and beauty, it really is. ♻️🌲🍂🪵🍄🌱🌹🥀♻️

@Jay0neDE

2 жыл бұрын

man I typed a similar comment. and while I'm usually not a fan of the big bang theory this would make total sense. the implication being that the big bang was not the beginning. merely _a_ beginning of our cycle.

@jennyanydots2389

2 жыл бұрын

My girlfriend's black hole transfers matter into the toilet really efficiently. It's like there's a big bang in the bathroom twice, sometimes three times a day. The smell is really something you have to deal with firsthand to truly appreciate.

@bluesakura2092

Жыл бұрын

wow I think that black holes recycle as well, since matter cannot just be erased like that. I believe that black holes teleport everything they suck in, perhaps black holes contribute to the eternal expansion of the universe. Maybe everything black holes suck in, is added to the outer most reaches of the universe expanding?

@bluesakura2092

Жыл бұрын

One of the last ages of the Universe will be when all stars of high mass explode into black holes. Eventually causing there to be more black holes than actual planets or stars…., Until finally it is only black holes left to begin merging to eachother. The last part of this final age in the Universe will be when the last 2 mega black holes are left in the end, and they will orbit eachother and once they merge, the power that will be unleashed will be stronger than anything existence will ever, EVER produce… Creating the big bang. A cycle… of Nature. This is my theory on how the Universe dies and is reborn for all eternity. There will never be anything powerful enough to stop the eternal birth and death of the Universe. It is infinite for all eternity. And black holes will be the end, and the beginning, of the next Big Bang, and the next Universe…

@anonymous-rb2sr

Жыл бұрын

strange, I tried reading your post and only heard monkey noises, then I used my universal translator and it also only outputed monkey noises! poor thing must be broken😆🙈

Congratulations. Thank you so much for the hard work and getting outside the box

Clear story, straight to the point. Good job!

Astrum congratulations for 1million sub 😁👍

Accelation (of a space ship) due to frame dragging has it's own unique problems. If you have mass, then the massive change in acceleration produces massive forces that may pull apart the spaceship; F=ma.If the spaceship survives this and moves away from the black hole accelerator at very high speeds, then you have another problem. Every hydrogen atom in space you smash into (and there are many in a cubic metre of space) produces radiation of the ionizing (hard radiation kind), in a kind of Bremstrahlung effect, as the target (the spaceship's atoms) moves at very high kinetic velocities in the electrons rest space of the stationary hydrogen atoms in space. A kind of reverse of accelerated electrons hitting a hard tungsten target in an x-ray tube.

@someonerandom704

2 жыл бұрын

this makes me wonder if it's possible to solve this via a massive electromagnetic field that could act as a net to slow down the atoms relative to the spacecraft

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 👋

@justdave9610

2 жыл бұрын

Those are all certainly words

@pauls5745

Жыл бұрын

yeah we need to avoid getting spaghettified

Congratulations on 1m subscribers - your videos are so informative they are always a pleasure to watch

As per usual, a really excellent video, Mr. McColgan !

Man i always have so many questions. Like how is it possible for something with the mass of our moon and the minuscule gravity it excerts to overpower the strong nuclear force and collapse into a macro black hole? I can't wrap my head around that. I understand its done at cern by smashing stuff together at near light speed but that still doesn't make sense to me. I mean stars do that to create energy and the atoms don't collapse into black holes they just fuse into heavier elements while releasing energy. Idk i need to find a astrophysicist and befriend them i guess.

@astrumspace

2 жыл бұрын

Micro black holes have never actually been observed, and are very short-lived even if they do exist, but they are theoretically possible.

Humanity: *Discovers black holes can bend reality* Also humanity: Develops psychic powers

I love black holes! Thank you for this great info. I love your voice!

1 million, you deserve it! I love these videos about one of, if not the most interesting entity in our Universum. Thanks and may nothing but happiness come thru your door. 🖖

@jengleheimerschmitt7941

2 жыл бұрын

He absolutely does not deserve it.

It seems to me that when black holes merge, their singularities would actually not ever encounter each other. That would explain the spin of a black hole. No matter how massive a black hole gets and how many mergers occur, the singularities are simply orbiting each other, within the event horizon. In that case, the event horizon would not necessarily be spherical at all. It might well be a pulsating blob. Also, on account of time dilation, objects falling (or orbiting) into a black hole would essentially never reach the singularity either, making the space just inside the event horizon very crowded, indeed.

@matgeezer2094

2 жыл бұрын

Neutron stars spin impressively fast, and they're the most similar objects to black holes, but cause their escape velocities are less than the speed of light we can still gain information about them. But the idea that the singularities might not merge but would orbit instead, that's an interesting idea. Also, not really connected, but doesn't quantum theory limit minimum sizes, wouldn't a singularity instead be 'plankh' sized (that's about 10^-42 metre)

@zippythinginvention

2 жыл бұрын

@@matgeezer2094 I think such a small object would have very little rotational influence over the macroscopic world. It's a matter of 'leverage.' Whereas, multiple singularities, in proximity, would have greater tidal influences. This does raise the question: does a black hole without an accretion disk have any rotational influence at all? It would seem like in such a situation, any new object approaching the black hole would go into whatever orbit was designated by its trajectory. Of course it's all impossible to know these answers with current technology. Fun to think about though.

@matgeezer2094

2 жыл бұрын

@@zippythinginvention it might be physically small but it's extremely massive (heavy)

@zippythinginvention

2 жыл бұрын

@@matgeezer2094 yep

As you approach the event horizon wouldn't the photons from the universe become increasingly blue shifted? Because of gaining gravitational energy and the effect of your time dilation. This could become extreme, light would become progressively ultraviolet, then X ray, then Gamma ray. Wouldn't you be fried by this light as you got close to the event horizon?

@addajjalsonofallah6217

2 жыл бұрын

Probably

@cykkm

2 жыл бұрын

But you're in a freefalling frame! It's locally just like any freefalling frame, which is the foundational postulate of GR, and your observations are no different.

@krystiangeldon7929

2 жыл бұрын

Relativity

@matgeezer2094

2 жыл бұрын

@@walkermitchell4444 hi, what's up?

@matgeezer2094

2 жыл бұрын

@@walkermitchell4444 no I live in the UK. Whereabouts in the States do you live?

This put together elements of understanding I had and then adding the charge aspect This helped drag my tiny pointy brain a little further in understanding, like, stuff Thanks

I think I get what you're saying if you could create a singularity that could push space and begin to frame-dragging and then you could create a motor without friction and at the speed of light

Truly awesome stuff. But then again, I wish somebody could bend space, go there, take real close-up pics, escape the gravity.. and return to show us :P

@quantumtacos

2 жыл бұрын

No worries mate, the laws of physics allow that! Unfortunately due to time dilation you'll have to wait a bit before they return with their results. Supposing they pop down to right at the event horizon, spend 10 seconds doing photography, then pop right back to Earth, you'll just need to wait about 10,000 years between when they pop away and when they pop back. Time dilation hurts! DX

Your level of knowledge and explanations are worthy of sir David Butler 👍👍👍👍✨

Incredibly well researched love your channel

Thanks for the documentary...., keep me sleep well while listenning to it......,

Really interesting video, love everything about black holes 🕳

Nice video, it's rare I hear something new, thanks!

its pretty rad how i can watch your videos in 4K.. not many creators upload to give us that resolution, so thank you Astrum

Thanks so much for making your videos.

Excellent video, thanks!

EINSTEIN: Nothing is faster than light BLACK HOLE: I found a loophole to that rule. EINSTEIN: Darn, you're lawyering again

9:32 I remember having a screensaver like that in my earlier days - windows 98 I seem to remember!

I am always amazed with the fact that space is freezing cold and that stars and black holes are so hot. André

I bought the Raycons with your code last week. You are the only KZreadr I’ve ever done that for.

"Frame-dragging" sounds like irl speedrun tech

What if you enter the black hole exactly in the center, would that stop you being destroyed and fire you out into an alternate universe!?? Or another universe, or another part of our universe??! Love this channel ❤️

@Astromath

2 жыл бұрын

What do you mean by entering it "in the center"? The event horizon is spherical

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 🤗

Excellent episode!

Congratulations on 1M subs...amazing!

This is actually old school theory. Its more useful to study those Stars at the outer most region of the universe, as they ARE traveling away from us faster than the speed of light already.

If I understand correctly, the frame-dragging is exploited by the 'halo drive', outlined by Prof Kipping on the Cool Worlds channel. If flying a spaceship through the extreme environment near a spinning black hole seems too much, consider instead firing a laser beam round it. It comes back with more energy than you gave it, allowing you to tap into a practically inexhaustible source of energy and thrust.

@TheMasonX23

2 жыл бұрын

Correct, dragging the light around and accelerating it, but because light can't move any faster, it gets blue shifted. Stealing angular momentum from behemoth supermassive black holes to go faster haha. Super cool concept and another great channel!

@justdave9610

2 жыл бұрын

The energy is extracted from the black holes angular momentum so while it's a seemingly limitless ocean of energy it's still not even relatively close to being infinite

@bimblinghill

2 жыл бұрын

@@justdave9610 It's not infinite, but so huge that human activity would barely make a dent in it, which is why I said 'practically inexhaustible '

0:31 using a quantum singularity as a power source reminds me of a Star Trek TNG episode (1993) about the Romulan Artificial Quantum Singularity Drive, which used a very very tiny singularity to provide power for their ship.

Watching this video, I realised that I am a little like a black hole. Not very massive, but very dense indeed. I barely grasp these concepts even after watching so many of your videos. I love them tho, so please keep them coming! 💙

Alex, you are a master teacher.

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 👋

You theoretically could tell the difference between two black holes of the same mass, spin, and electric charge if quantum entanglement has been set up for one or those black holes are entangled with each other.

Very nice explanation

So nice to hear your voice, cheers pal :) x

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 👋

Great video, thank you so much

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 👋

Another great video

Cool 1 mil subs..well done and very well deserved

Tremendous and impressively narrated, Alex McHogan, like you would become the David Attenborough of aspects of space. I know thousands of chunks of knowlegde hardly anyone uses and i'd wonder how you tighten that content in such an entertainology or what the astouned might would grasp words for. You must consist of more than one person or something. An universe you'd bend for there would never occur an end ;)

Such a great channel!!

Beautiful video.

Thank you!

Its hard to imagine anything escaping a black whole..but energy. I gotta hear this! :D

"People think that black holes are great destroyers" Black hole - "I wouldn't say that. more like, under New Management"

Alex, you’re amazing 🙌😊

Cool vid. Thanks for sharing.

@walkermitchell4444

2 жыл бұрын

Hello 🤗

Hi! I went back through your videos to find the other parts of this black hole series, but couldn’t find part 4…am I missing it? Thanks for your videos! Iim fascinated by black holes!

Letting the commercials run, so I can help support the channel. :) Fantastic work!

@jennyanydots2389

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for letting everyone know! So much virtue in you thank you for signaling us to its presence!!

Thank you

Man I love my mind being blown. I love the cosmos so much

I imagine that Black Holes are torus shaped gravitational force. Meaning, that what it sucked in will be just thrown on the other side but will still be at the same space. So, no other dimensions at all on this idea. All the galaxies will just revolve around the surface of this torus. We just can't see it for now because what we just see is a 2D plane observed from afar. Simple concepts should also be considered and not just theorize complex ones.

Imagine black holes becoming like our current use of airports lol you head to the nearest black hole, you prepare for takeoff, and a shuttle launches you in the direction you need to go lol

The fictional static warp bubble used in Star Trek comes to mind, maybe something like this will found to make use of a type of Frame Dragging. A phenomenal amount of energy would be needed to create one but I think answers are out there somewhere.

Thanks!

1 mln subscribers! Congratulation :).

This is 😍🤩 and congratulations on your milestone 🎊🎉💐🌟 and this every time this happens if I get a watch a certain number battery comes up every time 377 no joke, and if I start liking something and all of a sudden it's popular, strange. Or is it or is the universe aligned with me 🙃🤔😒😳🤨🤨

True …. It’s exciting . 👏

Great Video ❤️

Fascinating!!!

Love it!

Kind of feel like the singulairty is the point mass approximation we do in normal physics. Maybe singularity is not a singularity but just a compressed sphere of neutrons

@quantumtacos

2 жыл бұрын

Yes I think once you brush away all the popsci-fluff, that's the approximate understanding that scientists currently have. Everyone knows that a singularity in your maths means there is a problem with your maths.

@anonymous-rb2sr

Жыл бұрын

general relativity is completley wrong, the maths are beyond incoherent, we live in a post truth society ruled by the mentally ill something like 80 years ago, some math kid made a model, that when tested with totally reasonable physical conditions as an initial setup gives a math error, with a literal hole in their fabric of spacetime (that's why theyre called black holes, mathematically there is no longer any spacetime within the event horizon of a black hole, they are literally tears in reality, well according to the incorrect theory that is) then when they try to look at the mass repartion of the system, they find that it gets accelerated faster than the maximum speed they defined for their system, PER TIME FRAME (lol), so they are forced to akwardly say that if that theory is true, then everything gets somehow accelerated into a non dimensional (size 0) point in space, which is also impossible for a ton of other reasons in their theories but after ALL THAT, after getting dozens upon dozens of paradoxes, mathematical errors, singularaties, points of infinite density, acceleration forces greater than infinity, time paradoxes, after ALL THAT has been done, they just go "yep, seems about alright, now let's rant about how there are mathematical errors floating around in space, job well done" as someone who has actually dug down the rabbit hole, I cannot find any way to express just how beyond absurd and fucked up the entire situation that is the theoratical physics/mathematics side of academia is, it's ran by people who have completely lost all concept of reality, who's entire reason of being has become the polar opposite of everything science stands for, where once researchers dared not call their own theories correct until no one in the world could find a single flaw with them, all the while they themselves were trying to disprove their own theories, that has now been replaced by schizofrenic mathematicians who gloat about their great theories, and go on to teach it as fact in classrooms, all the while there are thousands of ways one can set up both field equations, thought experiments and direct testing that completely disproves those theories I feel like that one sane guy in the aztec mass human sacrifice society must have felt

As amazing as this is, it is only a shadow of things to come.

Ive thought before about black holes being like a whirl pool in water. And with the way galaxies move and stars exploding it moves space around like waves and currents hitting each other. Idk, its a fun thought though.