How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread

How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread?
Professor DeBacco
CannaMed23 Presentation
Medicinal Genomics. (2023a, June 8). Understanding and Managing HOP latent viroid in cannabis - Zamir Punja, PhD [Video]. KZread. • Understanding and Mana...
How Does HLVd Spread?
Mechanical damage (ex. Trimming)
Sap contact
Grower is the most common vector
Insect vectors still not well understood
If you are trimming one and move to the next you have just inoculated (infected) the next plant.
Root contact
Viral load is high here
Seeds
Potential Routes of Transmission…
Through the water
Roots
Growing substrate
Irrigation tube
Warning for DWC, Clone trays, Flood and Drian… really any operation that recirculates water.
HLVd is very stable in water as it can survive for 7 days
Phloem Transmitted
Entry into the phloem is what allows it to move up and down the plant
Xylem is mainly a roots to shoot movement
It follows the sugars, and does translocate throughout the entire plant in about 6-weeks.
Experiment by Zamir Punja, PhD
Stem cut made
Viroid inoculated at wound site
2-weeks post inoculation it can be detected in the roots
Upper stem to roots
4 and 6 weeks post infection the entire plant becomes infected
Experiment by Zamir Punja, PhD
What is interesting is the path of infection which is based on a stem top inoculation
Roots are the first point it is observed
Then the other top growing tips
Lastly the lower leaves/branch area show positive of HLVd
Experiment by Zamir Punja, PhD
Viroid travels down first to the roots (indicating the phloem transmission) and then spreads to the apical meristem followed by full plant infection.
Flowering Can Increase Viroid Load
The stress of flowering can increase the amount of viroid that is present in the plant.
This only shows the importance of testing a plant multiple times as early in veg it could be below detectable levels.
However, testing in veg is still important as if a positive is found that plant should be removed, but just because it tested negative early on following up with another test during flower would be advised.
Water Transmitted
This is in part how it can travel so fast through a growing operation.
Plants that do not even come in contact with one another can spread the infection via water transfer contact.
Any recycling of water is at risk but two common ways this can occur…
Cloner transfer based only on water
Flood and drain growing
Infected Mothers
Since the viroid is systemic to the plant cloning a plant will produce many (infected) offspring.
This is why testing and retesting of mother plants is so important.
All cuttings pictured tested positive for HLVd infection
Seed Transmitted
When the female plants are infected this can increase the odds (percentages) of the seeds infected.
Most of the HLVd found on the outside of the seed coat.
10-15% infection can still be found on the inside of the seeds.
If the seedling (typically cotolyedon) has any physical damage the HLVd can easily enter into the plant from the seed coat.
Present in Dry Flower
40% sampled from dispensaries
Also, found in male flowers
Glove Transmission
Survives as sap on gloves up to 5 days at room temperature
Leaf Transfer
Can survive up to 4-weeks so be sure to clean and remove leaves that are being trimmed.
Root Tissues
Very stable viroid
Heating to 70C (158F) for 30min did not destroy the RNA
Male Flowers?
At this time there is no evidence that HLVd can be present in pollen.
Link to Lecture Slides: drive.google.com/file/d/1SHU0...
*Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "How Does Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Spread" can be viewed at... docs.google.com/document/d/1R...

Пікірлер: 80

  • @GabeMap
    @GabeMap11 ай бұрын

    I’m on time to class today professor

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Well noted always good to be on time;-)

  • @SkunkPunch73
    @SkunkPunch7311 ай бұрын

    Thank you so very very much for this information on what is such a horrible situation for such a beautiful plant too now be facing. I can’t thank you enough for all the advice and information you have provided for us all. Have a beautiful day/night more importantly stay safe and healthy 🫵😘👍

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks for such a positive comment (and subscription). It is great to know the time spent researching the topics and creating slides and videos is appreciated!

  • @SkunkPunch73

    @SkunkPunch73

    11 ай бұрын

    @@DeBaccoUniversity they are very very much appreciated and might i just add you put them over in such a way that it’s easier for a lot of people too make sense of. You don’t over complicate things you bring it down to a certain level that 99% of us can easily understand. Which is by itself a massively appreciated factor in your style of thinking and writing. From me and a lot more people out there we thank you for the time and effort you are putting into these videos.🫵🏻😘👍🏼

  • @TheObserver3
    @TheObserver311 ай бұрын

    Good info' scary stuff.

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    At least you can be on the look out now.

  • @THEOFFGRIDMOUNTAINHOMESTEAD
    @THEOFFGRIDMOUNTAINHOMESTEAD11 ай бұрын

    Professor, I found your name and channel in my research for growing giant pumpkins. I see that this channel is cannabis related, but could you possibly do a side series about giant pumpkin cultivation in the future? Wonder if your audience even knows you’re a pumpkin master too? 😀 It appears you have grown some huge pumpkins. I’m growing Atlantic giant pumpkins and would love some tips and tricks to get 1000# plus. Thanks Professor!

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Yes, many hats here and sometimes the paths do cross. I will consider this going forward as some tips work well for both plant species.

  • @THEOFFGRIDMOUNTAINHOMESTEAD

    @THEOFFGRIDMOUNTAINHOMESTEAD

    11 ай бұрын

    @@DeBaccoUniversityThank you!

  • @StartLivingNow1963
    @StartLivingNow196311 ай бұрын

    Some Great Information Thank You🙂

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    You are welcome, glad you found it helpful!

  • @max420thc
    @max420thc11 ай бұрын

    Thank you 🙏 for this information , I am extremely happy you are sharing this information,

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    I am extremely happy you and others are enjoying this information.

  • @Kleberei
    @Kleberei9 күн бұрын

    That's another excellent video. Thank you for sharing!

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    9 күн бұрын

    Thanks for taking the time to comment, glad you liked it!

  • @dorn_beats
    @dorn_beats11 ай бұрын

    Thanks so much for your Videos!

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    You are welcome and thanks for the subscription!

  • @dshepherd107
    @dshepherd1073 ай бұрын

    Xylem up, Phloem down. That brings back memories 🤓

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    2 ай бұрын

    Hopefully good memories.

  • @sousay2000
    @sousay200011 ай бұрын

    Great job explaining 👍🤙

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks! 👍

  • @KevinBakin365
    @KevinBakin36511 ай бұрын

    Another very informative vid. Another reason I always start from seed 🤙🏼

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Glad you liked the video and while seeds will have reduced odds of HLVd, it is not a 0% chance.

  • @M4KERB

    @M4KERB

    11 ай бұрын

    still a small chance from seed but ya, anything to minimize your chances helps.

  • @max420thc

    @max420thc

    11 ай бұрын

    It’s not a small chance, it is a ten to fifteen percent chance and once you have it have it.

  • @KevinBakin365

    @KevinBakin365

    11 ай бұрын

    @@max420thc it’s the safest bet other than tissue culture which home growers don’t really have access to.

  • @diezelvh4133
    @diezelvh41335 күн бұрын

    I have a feeling this has been around for a very long time.

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    5 күн бұрын

    What makes you say this?

  • @RookieBuds
    @RookieBuds11 ай бұрын

    WOW this would be a good argument to avoid things like flood-n-drain tables or even DWC at home. All the plants sharing the same root & water space means you cannot isolate anything. Individual pots FTW

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Those systems can speed the transmission.

  • @sadgearmy
    @sadgearmy11 ай бұрын

    Can you do a video on how the bioengineered HLVd increases yields and cannabinoids please?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Not aware of any bioengineered forms of HLVd.

  • @Wraithss
    @Wraithss11 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the video professor! as promised 😀 so it's the herpes of ganja. got it.

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Hard to keep quality content coming out on a regular basis so enjoy it while it lasts;-)

  • @Wraithss

    @Wraithss

    11 ай бұрын

    @@DeBaccoUniversity what can we do to help?

  • @Wraithss

    @Wraithss

    11 ай бұрын

    @@DeBaccoUniversity what can we do to help?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Just be patient;-) (Unless you have a time machine.)

  • @moongloomable
    @moongloomable7 ай бұрын

    Would it be helpful to soak seeds in 10% bleach solution and a surfactant like Tween 20 like you would do in tissue culture?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    6 ай бұрын

    No help for HLVd.

  • @GeraldineLancaster
    @GeraldineLancaster11 ай бұрын

    Is it possible there are detrimental health effects from smoking HLV infected flower?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    For animals no, but transmission to others plants via smoke has not been well studied but could be possible.

  • @jameswilliamson288
    @jameswilliamson2889 ай бұрын

    Im telling you a good ides i use chaga tea in my compost it keeps bugs and pests away chicken hate any thing with chaga incorporated into it it also makes plants healthier

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    9 ай бұрын

    Unfortunately, ineffective against HLVd.

  • @bencote6434
    @bencote64347 ай бұрын

    Any idea how long it remains detectable in dry flower?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    6 ай бұрын

    Long term.

  • @bigal8986
    @bigal898611 ай бұрын

    Thanks! So... will the large seed banks invest in testing of the seeds they sell since there could be outside seed transmission? I wonder if the peroxide % sometimes used to germinate seeds helps at all or if there will become a standard way of scrubbing seeds prior to germination. My first grow was 1975 and boy have times a changed! Lol

  • @max420thc

    @max420thc

    11 ай бұрын

    Yea, this is not a good thing to happen. No I doubt the seed companies can test every seed, the only not thing that kills it is bleach,

  • @anibaldemacedo3151

    @anibaldemacedo3151

    11 ай бұрын

    probably all seedbanks are contaminated.

  • @SkunkPunch73

    @SkunkPunch73

    11 ай бұрын

    @@anibaldemacedo3151I believe that the original seed companies will do all they can to try and detect it, after all it’s their business. The problem will be with all of the new seed companies that are just springing up , that’s why I have never bothered with them I have stuck with the old companies. Mind you this is more than likely just me having wishful thinking. Hope you have a beautiful day and never have to deal with this plant nightmare 🫵😘👍

  • @gamblr5422

    @gamblr5422

    11 ай бұрын

    Maybe we should soak our seeds in 3% H2O2 for 10 minutes and then dilute that down to 1% by adding water and continue to soak for 12 more hours?

  • @SkunkPunch73

    @SkunkPunch73

    11 ай бұрын

    @@gamblr5422 that sounds like a perfectly reasonable suggestion, other than that keep that grow room cleaner than a operating theatre 🫵😘👍

  • @Mark_Nadams
    @Mark_Nadams10 ай бұрын

    - Can the HLVd be transmitted through reused soil in yearly outdoor grow situations? The plants are grown in containers and harvested in October. The soil is dormant during the winter months and is reused (with amendments) in the same containers come next spring. - Can the use of H2O2 during sprout eliminate the potential of HLVd on seeds.

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    10 ай бұрын

    Soil can transmit the viroid especially since it will likely contain small root fragments. H2O2 is not effective against viroids.

  • @stevecrabtree7654
    @stevecrabtree765410 ай бұрын

    Does it pass down in the seeds?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    10 ай бұрын

    Yes, it can via the seed coat.

  • @juantorrez8468
    @juantorrez84684 ай бұрын

    Can this live in the soil? Does the soil become contaminated?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    4 ай бұрын

    Technically it is not living, but it can easily be transferred.

  • @joseescalera6040
    @joseescalera6040Ай бұрын

    Can one plants get another plant sick? Or no ??

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    Ай бұрын

    In short... yes!

  • @AFMR0420
    @AFMR04205 ай бұрын

    I heard you can use a PCR test to detect this, is this the same PCR test to detect covid?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    4 ай бұрын

    Yes, it can be done you just need to specific primer for what you are looking to identify.

  • @hewasdeadwhenigotthere46
    @hewasdeadwhenigotthere4610 ай бұрын

    Gonna buy a pair of scissors for every girl I have... Lol

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    10 ай бұрын

    That is one approach to help lessen the chance of transmission.

  • @Wraithss
    @Wraithss11 ай бұрын

    I would love to see a video covering mutations with actual pictures of what's going on instead of animations (see video link), but from a scientific stand point like you do. I like your cut and dry format and how you present the information concisely. Some of your lectures could be longer honestly, I wouldn't mind, love the knowledge. Sorry if you've done this and I've missed it. Here's where I got the idea: kzread.info/dash/bejne/YpqnxMmdXcSbeto.html

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Did you see the Symptoms video.... kzread.info/dash/bejne/d6qBs8WqqrvXlNY.html

  • @Wraithss

    @Wraithss

    11 ай бұрын

    @@DeBaccoUniversity Yes I did thank you.

  • @laurieedeburn2449
    @laurieedeburn244910 ай бұрын

    folks that sell soil.... must be required to test

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    10 ай бұрын

    It resides in the plant and likely will be very hard to detect in large volumes of soil.

  • @rickstorm4996
    @rickstorm499611 ай бұрын

    Is there any information on treatment or cure for these new viriods and viruses?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    11 ай бұрын

    Prevention video to come out soon....

  • @elpidiogranatello5160
    @elpidiogranatello516010 ай бұрын

    Hello Prof., i'm a small grower, i have a question on the spread of this viroid. Where it comes from? can i bring it inside my small grow even if i don't go on other grow setups?

  • @DeBaccoUniversity

    @DeBaccoUniversity

    9 ай бұрын

    If you plants do not have it and you do not have contact with others plants (including hops) odds are your plants will stay clean of this issue.

  • @elpidiogranatello5160

    @elpidiogranatello5160

    9 ай бұрын

    @@DeBaccoUniversity Thanks for the answer, i've heard a lot about it recently and it increased my paranoia