Hop Latent Viroid HLVd Background
Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) Background
Professor DeBacco
Research Article
Adkar-Purushothama, C. R., Sano, T., & Perreault, J. P. (2023). Hop Latent Viroid: A Hidden Threat to the Cannabis Industry. Viruses, 15(3), 681.
www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/681
First Found in Hops in 1987
Viruses (and viroids) often get their name connected with the plant species for which it was first identified in.
However this does not mean it only infects this plant, it only signifies the plant tissue it was first found in.
In 1987, Pallas et al. reported the presence of viroid-like RNA in nucleic acid preparations from two of the three commercial hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L., family, Cannabaceae) grown in the León region of Spain.
“Duds” or “Dudding Disease”
Initially detected in 2019 in California
Early on it was called the “Duds” or “Dudding Disease” of cannabis which later turned out to be hop latent viroid (HLVd).
Currently, HLVd has become the most devastating cannabis disease (syn. Hemp) (Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis) in cannabis-growing areas.
Wider Spread Than Most Realize
A survey conducted in 2021 by the Dark Heart Nursery Research that involved 200,000 tissue tests concluded that 90% of cannabis- growing facilities in California were contaminated with HLVd.
HLVd has been detected throughout the cannabis-growing facilities of North America
Why is HLVd of Concern?
Infected crops could suffer anywhere from a 50%-70% loss in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content, thus considerably lowering their commercial value (Adkar-Purushothama, 2023).
A survey conducted in 2021 revealed that approximately 90% of all cannabis-growing facilities in California tested positive for HLVd, and 30% of the plants in each facility showed symptoms of the viroid’s infection (Adkar-Purushothama, 2023).
Why “Latent” Viriod?
Originally it was tentatively “hop viroid-like RNA fast” (HV-f) since it was similar to avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd), but had different physical and biological properties with faster electrophoretic mobility than the hop stunt viroid.
However, since HV-f did not induce any visible disease symptoms in hops, it was tentatively named “hop latent viroid” (HLVd).
The Hidden Disease
Although HLVd-infected hop plants are symptomless, infection significantly reduces market value.
Via yield and either the alpha-bitter acid or the essential oil content in the hop cone.
Subsequently, HLVd has been detected in 90% to 100% of the tested hop germplasms in European countries
What Does This Mean?
When it was first being discovered (in hops) there was no found effect, which means it was present, but was not causing a noticeable problem.
In this case latent is referring to being asymptomatic, meaning it is present but not noticeable.
Asymptomatic
It is there, but there are no issues… well, not exactly…
Even though this is the name given even in hops it can cause issue with oil and acid levels.
Also, depending on the cultivar of hops the degree to which it has an impact can vary.
*In cannabis this virod is NOT asymptomatic
HLVd Infection… Secondary Impacts
When a plant is infected it can also become more susceptible to other diseases (Ex. Fusarium wilt and Powdery Mildew)
Seems to be Stable
Overall the genetic screening seem to be showing minimum variability across geographic regions.
Considering the small number of nucleotides this is a good thing as changes (mutations) could quickly occur.
Other viroids do show changes (mutations) in sequences when there is a host change
Sequence Variation
*Only the full-length sequence (256-nt) was considered for the analysis
Can1 and Can2
Two distinct HLVd isolates:
Can1 (GenBank Acc. No.: MK876285)
100% sequence similarity with the HLVd-type species
Can2 (GenBank Acc. No.: MK876286)
One mismatch (point mutation) at the nucleotide 225 with the Uracil mutated to Adnine as compared to the HLVd-type species, refered to as U225A.
Can2 isolate was 100% identical to an HLVd isolate retrived from a commercial hop garden in China (GenBank Acc. No.: EF613183).
Where Have These Isolates Been Found in the USA?
HLVd reported from Delta county (CO, USA) was found to be 100% similar to the Can1 isolate.
The Can2 isolate matched with an HLVd isolated from both Santa Barbara (CA, USA) and Boulder counties (CO, USA).
This indicates the presence of at least two HLVd sequence variants infecting cannabis
U225A
The single nucleotide change (U225A) did not affect the structure of the Can2 isolate as compared to that of the type species.
Note: This change is located within the lower pathogenicity domain
Link to Lecture Slides: drive.google.com/file/d/1H4So...
*Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "Hop Latent Viroid HLVd Background" can be viewed at.. docs.google.com/document/d/1g...
Пікірлер: 80
OMG I've been waiting for either yourself or Dr. Bugbee to get into HLV.
@yamagrow420
10 ай бұрын
I prefer professor DeBacco 👊⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
You are really going to like the next eight videos;-)
@M4KERB
10 ай бұрын
@@DeBaccoUniversity please tell me you've developed a one time easy to use water in system to cure HLV? hahaha oh man i wish
Cheers for covering this Professor D👊👍 very informative, thank you
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Glad it was helpful, and there will be more on this topic very soon;-)
Some Great Information Thank You🙂
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Glad it was helpful!
Very informative 🤙🏼
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Glad it was helpful!
Like always Amazing work and great video
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Thanks for the view and comment!
So how is it spread? Through air during flower? Can a seed be infected? Thanks for all the information you bring, I find your videos the most informative compared to others. I have learned so much through your easy to watch and straight to the point videos Thank you
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
Hope can only be destroyed by bleach. It lives five days on a table in the light and air. It transfers through seeds and contact with other plants . It is difficult and expensive to cure. Alcohol will not destroy it. 10 to 20 percent bleach is best. Keep everything separate and clean. Test everything , good luck
@Mrbowgee
10 ай бұрын
Seed. Mechanical transmission as well. I'm sure there are other ways but Bleach is really the only thing that kills it on your tools from what I hear. I hear it can even survive in isopropyl.
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
It can, best to try and keep your plants from touching , use single use razor blades, clean with bleach but don’t get it in the plants, clean the bleach off with alcohol , and most importantly test. If you don’t test you will probably spread it through your grow and it will happen fast.
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Tune in on August 17th, 2023... ;-)
@bigal8986
10 ай бұрын
@@DeBaccoUniversity I'll be there... thanks again
Thank you for the info !!!🤔
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Any time!
Thank again Debacco ✌💯
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
You are welcome!
👍 good job
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Thanks 👍
Interesting. Thanks. Im just a hobbyists, however it is good to know a few things.
@DeBaccoUniversity
9 ай бұрын
The more you know;-)
Coming very prevalent latley
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Unfortunately you are correct and as more growers become aware and look for it the more it is being found. At least it has not shown to be transmissible to pumpkins.
@hewasdeadwhenigotthere46
10 ай бұрын
Very much so
very good 2 videos, can you do one about leaf septoria? thanks
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
2 years ahead of you;-) kzread.info/dash/bejne/eXyl2c-sg9LTZ7Q.html
Horrifying yet hopeful
@DeBaccoUniversity
3 ай бұрын
Sometimes the truth can be scary.
How would you compare him to your interview with Tim? Who talked about organic grows, terps and the Brix scale.
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Not sure what you are asking?
Look up the connection of HLVd and Cannabis Hypermesis Syndrome.
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Do you have a link to a scientific article?
Any treatments out of curiosity? Does it spread through the seed from the host mother?
@moongloomable
10 ай бұрын
Yes will spread through seed. Only treatment is to put the plant into tissue culture and do meristem culture to get virus free cells.
@Gabriel-xw2zp
10 ай бұрын
Treatment: death
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
There will be a video coming out soon on this very topic here on DeBacco University, so keep watching!
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
The only treatment is tissue culture, yes it spreads through seed too. But only a certain percentage spreads through seed.
@Wraithss
10 ай бұрын
@@DeBaccoUniversity awesome, thanks! love me some knowledge.
Is this regularly tested for in commercial dispensary grown cannabis?
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
Nope,
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
"Is this regularly tested for"... in short... No.
Hello we are a cloning facility from austria an we also have it by us
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Thanks for sharing and sorry to hear of this news.
It’s the latent part that sux
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
Yes, the latent part sucks.
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
... However, it is not latend in cannabis. (More videos to come soon;-)
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
I’ve heard some reports of plants testing negative then HLV showing up in future tests,
@blizzard_of_Za
10 ай бұрын
@@max420thc same double triple tested before cuts were sold and get them and veg em out send out for test just to be Positive a they were
@max420thc
10 ай бұрын
At this point all we can do is keep things isolated , keep things tested and if there is a outbreak it will be hopefully mostly contained. Meristem culture and tissue culture can be a cure for it. But no one really knows how long it can be dormant inside the plant tissue. This is a straight mess we are dealing with and it threatens the whole industry. If I had a research facility I am sure I could document cures for it. I have cured cases of it , but because I have not done long term testing and studies we do not know if the virus will pop back up at a latter time in the plant tissue. There is only a small handful of us working on solutions and cures to this problem.
I have this in Michigan. How do I treat it?
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Once positively identified, the only real "cure" is plant removal.
i think the biggest seed seller in UE sell seeds who are contamined by hop
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
You can only tell by testing.
greatly related to the thrips north america infestation imo
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Unfortunately it is not that easy as insects are not even the primary vector.
@marcoallin
10 ай бұрын
@@DeBaccoUniversity interesting, would loeve to hear more on the subject too
Can you do a report on the purple phytoplasma viroid ?? We call it Black Hawaiian Death here
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Currently no research published on this in regards to cannabis.
@wowness333
10 ай бұрын
@@DeBaccoUniversity my research led me to the HLV.... but the symptoms are different. I see it pop up on forums and social media platforms. But it's a HUGE issue in Hawai'i
try propolis from bees
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
What will this do?
@franjopenezic5554
10 ай бұрын
@@DeBaccoUniversity Propolis is antiviral and antibacterial,antifungal and much more,with flavonoids and other good things. They proven here in one small college that kill botrytis,fusarium,phytium...but they dont have money to do more of that here in croatia. Bees use that for sterilization. Also kill some pests. If i have resources i would like to try that thing,it have very wide potential. Also bee polen for some organic amendments should be good and protective also. Fungus gnats dont like it also. Bees have weapon for protect their home and desinfection,they use plant material who attract plant animals and other patogens from plants,and that thing is cure to protect them inside. This is powerful thing in my opinion and nobody or just few people speaks about that. I would like to heard your opinion on that thing, profesor.
I took a entire year off from growing because of this viroid misinformation. I wanted to let information catch up.
@DeBaccoUniversity
10 ай бұрын
Good idea, hope this video helps fill in some of that needed scientific information.