Thanks so much to World Anvil for helping us forge today's historical tale! You can use audience code EXTRACREDITS to get 40% off of an annual membership on checkout and help support the show in the process! www.worldanvil.com/extracredits

@2hlsjhlghshfgjh

2 жыл бұрын

I love ur guys video

@kaltaron1284

2 жыл бұрын

Will Nihonshu aka Sake aka Japanese rice wine be part of the series? Given that it's more akin to beer than wine despite the translation.

@christiandauz3742

2 жыл бұрын

In Lest Darkness Fall Padway gets rich making Brandy

@alexanderwu

2 жыл бұрын

How was this comment made four days before the video was released

@ptr6495

2 жыл бұрын

I'm a German this is exactly my topic

A series on the history of beer premiering during Lent. Considering how each series is chosen, I'm confident it's just a coincidence, but the comedic timing's impeccable.

@nevengarbin8770

2 жыл бұрын

Im sure someone will fail lent bcs of this

@ryotanada

2 жыл бұрын

let this be our test, eh?

@doodle5208

2 жыл бұрын

Wot.Sorry I don’t speak smart

@Ninja1Ninja2

2 жыл бұрын

feels like they could make a drunk history animated series now

@stumblingmumbler

2 жыл бұрын

Wtf is lent?

The Catholic Church has several patron saints of beer, including my favorite saint story: Arnulf Of Metz was a bishop in France with a devoted following in his home parish. When he died, those parishoners made a pilgrimage to retrieve hia body, but ran out of water on the way and asked for his intervention. Legend holds that their water containers then filled with beer that lasted them the rest of the journey.

@kingkefa7130

2 жыл бұрын

I've heard stories that modern beer was created by monks so they could keep themselves sexually dormant. Hops certainly has a strongly estrogenic effect. It is my personal experience that beer drinkers tend to be more corpulent than those that drink stronger stuff. Of course, it's best to face the tragedy of life head-on, without toxin-induced delusion.

@nickpapadopoulos9978

3 ай бұрын

If I remember correctly, Saint Arnulf of Metz was the head of the Frankish arnulfing clan, which one of the two Frankish clans that made the Karling dynasty!

The "Pots that make the beer good" made me laugh out loud, i love it when we translate ancient things and they are literal descriptors. It makes ancient peoples far more relatable. As always a great video.

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@SamuelTrademarked

10 ай бұрын

yeah it's a nice reminder that ancient people were pretty much the same as us.

As a Bavarian i am a living example of a civilisation build by, with and for Beer

@Reyrocksall

2 жыл бұрын

Hopefully the mistakes aren't un-beer-able

@Wolpertinger-yl6ll

2 жыл бұрын

Which makes me doubt Gilgamesch civilised enkidu with bread and beer . If that worked the Saupreissn should some singns.

@ruffusgoodman4137

2 жыл бұрын

Gonna drink in your honor, buddy! Cheers!

@merlon8599

2 жыл бұрын

@@ruffusgoodman4137 Cheers!

@mathgasm8484

2 жыл бұрын

I used to live in Nurnberg beer was a food group.

My father has always been more of a beer drinker than me. But years ago I found a beer company that fit my history loving side and his search for a good beer. Dogfish Head Brewery had an "Ancient Ales" line, where they worked with archeologists to try to re-create ancient brews from what has been found in those ancient pots that make the beer good. Solid stuff.

@Jubernuaght

2 жыл бұрын

My father loves dogfish head, pretty solid beer

@mikeyunovapix7181

2 жыл бұрын

Well that's definitely something I need to try.

@dizent2885

2 жыл бұрын

Dogfishhead is a great choice. Tons of variety from them.

@adrianaslund8605

Жыл бұрын

Do they have medieval gruit beers(with other herbs than hops)? Ive tried brewing mead myself. Its pretty good. Im surprised its not more popular. All the aromas of the honey is in the aftertaste. It was pretty strong. And took alot of time to ferment due to honey being kind of antimicrobial. It ended up pretty strong and flat though. Like a wine. For a bubbly version you need some other process.

I think the 1% alcohol point is important contextually. You’d have to drink a lot fast to get sloppy, which I think is important to note when the common narrative was “everyone before coffee came to Europe was at least pretty tipsy all the time”

@loke6664

2 жыл бұрын

You also have to be a pretty lightweight drinker to actually get more then a very slight buzz from something under 2%. The amount of 1% beer you need to drink to get drunk is so high that the water content will make affect you more then the alcohol and it is a bit dangerous to drink that much of it. However, the actual alcohol content of historical drinks could be discussed. Few recipes had that exact time it needs to ferment so it is not unlikely a lot of the historical beers were something like 2.5%. That is still weak compared to today's more popular beer that tend to be more around twice that strength but certainly enough to keep you a bit buzzed. It is really hard to say since while you can make out what was in the beers be sampling old pottery the alcohol content can't be detected that way and as any fan of "Eating history with Max Miller" here on KZread can tell you, ancient recipes are usually not that exact with anything. People in the past were certainly not drunk all the time, at least not the average person but many might have been slightly tipsy a lot more then most people today.

@zenogias01

2 жыл бұрын

Wine was same: in Greece and Rome it wpuld normally be drunk watered down; drinking wine straight was for barbarians!

@someguy3987

2 жыл бұрын

@@bearlytamedmodels it is not possible to make beer at 30%. Most yeast stop fermenting and become dormant at 10%. Some go to 15 or a little bit higher, but absolutely nothing can ferment to 30%. You need to distill to reach that high, and that's no longer beer.

@zimboiii9025

2 жыл бұрын

@@bearlytamedmodelsNo way Egyptian's made 30%; the highest they would've made was probably 5% as IPAs (~8%) didn't come around until the 1700s

@AKASOB

2 жыл бұрын

@@zimboiii9025 the Egyptian were a clever bunch, I wouldn't be surprised if they discovered that if they discovered water evaporates easier than alcohol. The beer left in the warm room one day was way stronger than the others for example

Once upon a Netflix there was a documentary called ‘how beer saved the world.’ Hard to find anymore but now the beer-goddess provides us with this.

@paulnathanmullock6214

2 жыл бұрын

Seriously, one of the best documentaries Netflix had. It was really good and informative.

As a professional brewer, I have been looking forward to this series since you first mentioned you were doing a series on beer. I can't believe its finally here.

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks so much for hanging out with us!

"Beer! The cause of, and solution to, all of life's problems!" -Homer Homer Simpson

@timothycarney9652

2 жыл бұрын

Who knew he was so right?

@NoName-hg6cc

2 жыл бұрын

Damn! I made the same comment above!

@evanulven8249

2 жыл бұрын

"Beer is proof that god exists and wants us to be happy."

@drinkduff6536

2 жыл бұрын

I was being consumed that day.

As someone who just recently landed a job at Anheuser -Busch, the timing of this series is rather timely for me

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

yasss! Congrats on the new job!

@agreatpineapple2201

7 ай бұрын

Oof

As someone who built a civilization with beer i can confirm that everything inside of this video is factually true.

@timothycarney9652

2 жыл бұрын

That sentence demands elaboration- screams for it even, please provide some.

@noam242

2 жыл бұрын

Watch out for the spiffing brit, he would prosecute you for tea heresy.

@cartoonistanonymous

9 ай бұрын

At 1:50, how is beer older than the pots they brewed it in?

Fun fact! In the radiant city of Lyon, France (look, I live here) there is a brand of craft beer and brasserie named Ninkasi, from the name of the goddess. After we heard about that from one of the waiter, we took the habit to start each meal there with a toast to Ninkasi.

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

Fantastic idea! Now we know what to toast to!

@irfanismail3652

6 ай бұрын

Chinese beer

30 years ago my favourite Anthropology Prof spent two entire classes explaining his theory of how brewing beer was the actual drive for domesticating grains and therefore civilation.

@Xalerdane

Жыл бұрын

I can believe that.

"We need a spirit of victory, a spirit that will carry us to our rightful place under the sun, a spirit which can recognize that we, as inheritors of a proud civilization, are entitled to our rightful place on this planet. If that indomitable spirit were to arise, nothing can hold us from achieving our rightful destiny." -C. V. Raman

@user-ly9oe9vs5d

2 жыл бұрын

Не, спасибо. Я и так этим "духом победы" уже объелся и рискую от него свихнуться.

@PakBallandSami

2 жыл бұрын

@Leo the Anglo-Eastasian the original one was getting old so I drew a new one

@AmanKumarPadhy

2 жыл бұрын

This Raman guy seems smart. Someone should give him a prize or something.

@Xalerdane

Жыл бұрын

“I’ve got a basket of mushy, rotting grain. Will that work?”

As a alcoholic in training, i must say this new series has me hooked

@InspectorMortimer

2 жыл бұрын

😅

@AbdelEmperor

2 жыл бұрын

Dude, addiction is no joke, please don't put yourself in those shackles....if u were just joking then nvm.

@u-shanks4915

2 жыл бұрын

Try mixing wine beer whisky and vodka

@Nibitu

2 жыл бұрын

@@u-shanks4915 wonder is thats good

@whogoesthere4451

2 жыл бұрын

@@AbdelEmperor Nah, just joking, I like a drink and plan to open a brewery but not a acoholic, more of a cokehead, jk jk

It really is remarkable how much the story of "beer" is the story of civilization. I actually read a very interesting book called The History of the World in Six Glasses, which goes over the history of six drinks that defined human history. Beer, wine, distilled spirits, coffee, tea, and soda. It is a very fascinating perspective to take on history.

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

We'll have to check that one out!

Bible scholar here. Wine was wine, the possible translation issue is with another word, previously commonly translated as "strong drink".

@timothycarney9652

2 жыл бұрын

Be sure to bring this up again in later parts of this series, so it is more likely to come up in lies.

@iluan_

2 жыл бұрын

Biologist and fellow Christian here. Also, grapes in ancient Judea would have likely been harvested in August. In a world before refrigerators, pasteurization and most common food additives, the grape juice would have fermented by Passover. Having actual fresh grape juice in that part of the world at that time of the year would have been itself a miracle. So, yea, it was wine.

@carloshenriquezimmer7543

2 жыл бұрын

There is also the problem with the many "edits" made to the original texts. See, back in the day beer was a peasant's drink and wine was nouble. So it is very possible that it was beer, but because of the importance of the events for the christian faith, a "superior drink" became associated to it in the texts, many of them written down only after years of spreading throug oral tradition. Also the Nicean Concile had a very heavy hand on deciding what was and what wasn't truth about Jesus, so associating the drink of kings to God's son was a must, so hey may have selected those pieces of text.

@Moses_VII

2 жыл бұрын

A prophet of God does not encourage drinking

@bramvandenheuvel4049

2 жыл бұрын

@@iluan_ Ah, very good to know. I'm more of an OT specialist, but this is cool info :)

"Is there enough to say about beer to fill an episode?" To which I respond with a quote from "The Epic of Gilgamesh": "Here is bread, the staff of life and beer, the staff of civilization."

Seeing Cthulhu with some beer makes me smile. Absolutely looking forward to more videos in this series.

@EmperorPylades

2 жыл бұрын

As an Australian, it just made me think of Kaiju brewery's "Cthulhu On the Moon"

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

One of my favorite art pieces from the episode!

@zaradousthaanthony4702

2 жыл бұрын

Hello but we must not forget despite the alleged effects of beer, it was forbidden by religion " ( 90 ) O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful." Approximative translation of Sura al-maaida

@mikeyunovapix7181

Жыл бұрын

@@zaradousthaanthony4702 Cool story but I don't remember asking.

Today I learned the origin of the name Ninkasi. Which is also the name of a fantastic craft brewery in Eugene, OR. I guess they knew their history!

Brazilians who watched the Empire of Brazil series, after discovering that the following series was about beer: “We can stay a little longer…” No joke: Brazil is the third greatest beer market in the world, after USA and China.

@krankarvolund7771

2 жыл бұрын

I mean, it's the third populated country in the world, that does not have cultural backlash against alcohol ^^ Only India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Nigeria are more populated than Brazil, and both Islam (majoritary in Pakistan and Indonesia and half of the population of Nigeria) and Hinduism (majoritary in India) prohibits the consumption of alcohol. Which would be more interesting is seeing how much per capita people consume, in which case Brazil is around the 30th, with 58,4L per year per habitant. The world's leader by far is Czech Republic, since 1993 (year of ts independance ^^), with a whopping 188L per year per habitant. The second, Austria, is only at 100L per year per habitant XD

@WarCoockie

2 жыл бұрын

@@krankarvolund7771 I support my Czech brothers. They have perfected the art of brewing light beers. Me as a Belgian can proudly say we have perfected the art of breking strong beers. I hope Czechia and Belgium at least get mentioned in this series.

@linkewitsch

2 жыл бұрын

And we own Mérica's largest brewery 😆😆😆 (halfsies w/ Belgium, but still counts)

@WarCoockie

2 жыл бұрын

Anyway I love a lot of beers regardless of the origin. I am also really intrigued about the Brazilian beer culture of drinking all their beers ice cold, for some beers this is heresy. But chopa or colorado ice cold at the beach is lovely

@linkewitsch

2 жыл бұрын

@@WarCoockie First, it is scorching hot down here, so if it is not coffe we're drinking cold; second, when one says beer in terra brasilensis we hear pilsen, any other would be sort of an exotic drink.

Fun fact: Humans living in early agricultural societies were shorter and weaker than their hunter gatherer cousins. They worked longer and had less time for recreation. The only upside to agriculture in the early days was booze.

@bbirda1287

2 жыл бұрын

Plus cavities in their teeth from all that sugar from carbs.

@zenogias01

2 жыл бұрын

Interestingly, the archeological record in the Middle East actually seems to indicate that people tried village life one, around 9-10 thousand years ago, droppes it, and then went back around seven thousand years ago. Likely it had to do with climate shifts that made the hunter-gatherer lofestyle temporarily non-viable, but it's telling that people dropped village life like a bad habit when hunting and gathering became viable again.

@andrewweitzman4006

2 жыл бұрын

To be fair, that's a pretty decent upside.

@Dreagostini

2 жыл бұрын

Plus they could house and feed more people. Later specialisation improved life further, until the industrialisation came around.

@bbirda1287

2 жыл бұрын

@@Dreagostini I don't know if it was all improvement, they toiled for the developing upper class. They did a survey of hours worked and found the hunting society of modern San people work less than 8 hours per week with the rest devoted to family and personal time. They hit large game with their poison arrows and just follow along until it drops dead. Quite a stress free working life. Hell of a lot better than the poisoned airs of industrial London. Not everyone would consider trading open plains for crowded cities and poor health an upgrade.

I know that I am going to love this series. One mistake though, the alcohol in beer does not kill the bacteria. This is a wives tale. In order to make beer, you have to cook the wort. It is the heat from the cooking, that kills the bacteria. Thanks for the vid

I just love David's art for these more "abstract" series

@davidhueso

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks a lot !

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

We do too!

Ancient Egyptians paid their workers in beer and bread, every person would get the same amaunt. You could see that in Assassin's Creed Origin's.

@krankarvolund7771

2 жыл бұрын

It's not because it's in AC that it's true ^^ Yeah, they paid some workers in beer and bread, but not all of them received the same thing. And some received more than bread and beer, like the workers that uilt the pyramides eated beef, which was a rarity at that time.

@stillzeuvermensch7646

2 жыл бұрын

That's gonna be another thing I learned from the Animus Database. I gotta get myself a copy of AC:O someday

@martins.4240

2 жыл бұрын

@@stillzeuvermensch7646 You really should, it's a great game.

For extra reading check out Garrett Oliver's "The Brewmaster's Table." The first chapter is a great look at how we discovered fermentation (in fact our first fermented beverage was likely the simplest, therefore mead but not in the viking style) Also, his analysis of styles by time period and region has yet to be outdone and he gives ideas for pairing that would make a sommelier blush. The history of humanity goes hand in hand with the zymurgic arts and I'm thrilled to see this!

It’s nice to see EH’s classic art back for a big series again!

@davidhueso

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks :D

@voxelartist1688

2 жыл бұрын

@@davidhueso Of course, your art is full of character and incredibly styled! Always a pleasure to see your work :^)

Aphrodite: I am the goddess of love. Hera: I am the goddess of matrimony. Athena: I am the goddess of wisdom. Ninkasi: I am the goddess of beer. Phrat boys: You had me at beer.

@biohazard724

2 жыл бұрын

Ninkasi*

@stevengreen9536

2 жыл бұрын

@@biohazard724 Ah thanks.

I too have read Robert Evans’ “A Brief History of Vice”

Just realized that the local brewery in my home town is named after the goddess of fermentation. This is officially a rabbit hole

@awkwardguy8238

Жыл бұрын

Hometown is Lyon?

Heck, you could make a series on just the ingredients of beer. For example, the rise of hops over gruit was probably the first example of mass production destroying cottage industries. Before the widespread cultivation of hops, beers were flavored with gruit - mixtures of sweet and bitter herbs taken from local forests. Monasteries in particular would have forest lands set aside so that they would have access to these herbs for their brewing needs. The interesting thing is with gruit, there's literally infinite combinations of flavor profiles, and each and every local brew truly was unique - that whole fantasy trope of adventurers getting into arguments about whose town has the best beer actually was a thing in medieval times. So why did hops win in the end? Part of the reason is taxes - gruits were effectively patented and owned by monasteries, and as towns grew larger and more taverns appeared the monasteries would continue to charge church taxes for anyone using their gruit recipes. The gruit taxes did not apply to hops, so over time because hops were cheaper brewers came to use them more and more. Hops are also easier to grow at scale - instead of relying on finding herbs out in a forest, you can simply grow the hops on trellises in your garden. The final nail in the coffin was the fact that hops are a preservative - and just as we over-salt our foods today to extend their shelf life, late medieval brewers switched to hops so that they could store their beer for longer before it turned. In the end, increasing profits for brewers and the bottom line won out over gruit recipes that were centuries old, and today we can only speculate what portions of herbs went into a typical gruit. What we do know is that while the switch was happening, it seems almost universal that beer enjoyers preferred the flavors of gruit beers over hopped beers, and they bemoaned the dying art of making a good gruit. We may have given up a superior flavor of beer all for a bit longer shelf life and a slightly higher profit for brewers.

"beer the drink that built civilization"those six words explain so much

watching the history of beer while drinking beer is quality

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

Simply the BEST!

@DivinityAwakened

3 ай бұрын

Its pretty crazy to think we're doing the same thing our ancestors did so long ago.

Beer, and alcoholic beverages in general, have been some of the most influential liquids, or substances for that matter, in human history, right next to water.

@jonnunn4196

2 жыл бұрын

Perhaps more important; as prior to sanitation drinking water that didn't have alcohol mixed in was asking for disease.

@thelunaticcultist5157

2 жыл бұрын

@@jonnunn4196 In human history, I’m inclined to agree. Counting it’s entire ancestry though, water plays a bigger role.

@Moses_VII

2 жыл бұрын

Isn't water part of beer? And crops aren't fed beer.

Chocolate: I bring happines and... Coffe: I brought the enlightment Beer: amateurs

"Beer is the cause and solution to all of life's problems."-Homer Simpson.

@drinkduff6536

2 жыл бұрын

Excellent.

I love your guys, I think we all really needed that kind of content right now.

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

Agreed! We were very excited to be doing this series!

Series like this are really cool. I hope in the future we can see more series focused on the history of goods and crops like this.

@timothycarney9652

2 жыл бұрын

They have done Writing, Coffee, and now beer, what other things in that vein do you look forward to them covering?

@sarasamaletdin4574

2 жыл бұрын

@Timothy Carney Colombian food exchange where potato, tomato, maize, cocoa among others came to Europe and corn, rice, coffee and many animals to Americans. It would be pretty huge topic (and hogs were actually covered already in one of episode). Potatoes expecially were crucial in Europe (and the Irish famine series shows that) and there are all the changes in cuisine like Italy expecially. The writing series wasn’t quite done, they stopped at Greek letters and didn’t discuss things like Latin alphabet, Arabic writing or Chinese letters. And it could continue to how paper snd printing press were made. And history of numbers and math could be similar series.

@mestre12

2 жыл бұрын

@@timothycarney9652 how about chocolate?

@timothycarney9652

2 жыл бұрын

@@mestre12 I thought that was already on the schedule- Rob did a bit in a lies episode with some chocolate cereal to forshadow it and everything- was it just a voting option and not a certainty?

@brentonoftheunknown.821

2 жыл бұрын

@@timothycarney9652 domestication of animals perhaps?

I am glad to have found this channel again. Some 2 years I think now. It is great to watch these series once again and to see how much has changed. I was there for the first early ones like the Sengoku Jedai, Sun Yat-sen, and the Punic War. Man has time flown.

Can't WAIT for the rest of this series!!

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

SAME!!!!

"To Alcohol! The cause of... and solution to... all of life's problems" Homer Simpson

@drinkduff6536

2 жыл бұрын

Homer loves me.

“Here's to alcohol, the cause of, and solution to, all life's problems.” -Homer Simpson

@drinkduff6536

2 жыл бұрын

I'm Homer's best friend.

First coffee now alcohol. Two of my favorite things! I actually once read an archaeology article that hypothesized that neolithic people in Scotland developed their agriculture for the primary purpose of producing greater amounts of alcohol. Yes, prehistoric Scots may have taken up agriculture so they could get drunk. Alcohol was also partially responsible for the conversion of the Baltics to the Byzantine Greek orthodox christianity. Supposedly Vladimir the Great chose Greek Orthodoxy over Islam because Islam prohibited alcohol, stating that "Drink is the joy of all Rus".

Fun fact the oldest still existing companies in Europe are all breweries.

@LordKhuzdul

2 жыл бұрын

Business comes, business goes, beer stays.

@talknight2

2 жыл бұрын

What about that medieval apothecary shop in Riga?

@Wolpertinger-yl6ll

2 жыл бұрын

@Aditya Chavarkar i doubt beretta is around since the year 1000 ad

@svenkobus4356

2 жыл бұрын

@Aditya Chavarkar no berratta is from around 1500 and some of the oldest companies in Europe were founded before 1000

@svenkobus4356

2 жыл бұрын

@@talknight2 yeah I worded it wrong it should have been some of the oldest companies.

Actually, the current consensus is that beer precided bread when grule was accidentally allowed to ferment.

I'm seriously looking forward to the rest of this series! Thanks Extra History! 😊

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

You're VERY welcome!

I love you guys. The topics, the way to present it. It's always amazing. And now, you even talk about the most important topic of all: Beer, the foundation of civilizations ;)

I work at a Brewery and Liquor store in Alberta. This could easily be the biggest topic you covered.

Kratos: Finally, a story worth hearing (But seriously you guys just stumbled on a can of worms here cause of the deep history of beer, but I'm glad to see this episode since I'm a home brewer)

Ah two of my favorite things, Beer and History.

This is why I love your channel with your guys honesty and know when to get serious and when to have a laugh

I love how excited you are in this episode

I love the people who makes these series because this makes up most of what I am going to talk about when Im with my friends

Great video to see being a homebrewer after a succesfull brewday!

@razark42

2 жыл бұрын

I just brewed a batch yesterday, kegged my previous batch today, and found this video when I was done.

@extrahistory

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for watching and may your homebrew be deliciously amazing!

I've waited for this for so long! Nice!

Beer gives me childhood Christmas nostalgia no matter how old I get 🥰

I'm so excited for this series

Thank you for the video.

I remember my professor telling us in a lecture that the biggest difference between the primates related to us and humans is the ability to digest fermented foods and alcohol, and that this mutation of one gene is the reason that civilization exists.

What a refreshing topic, cheers!

As a Sumerologist, it is wonderful to see such a succinct and accurate summary of the history of ancient Sumer and Mesopotamia. Bravo!!!

SO EXCITED FOR THIS SERIES

"The pots that make the beer good" sounds like something I'd come up with while plastered.......wait a minute

This was awesome!

Cracked open a cold one for this...it's going to be a good series

@righthandstep5

2 жыл бұрын

Nice!

Fascinating stuff 👍

Most recent archeological evidence I have seen actually suggests that beer came before bread.

the conditions of a society were gradually improving. As part of these changes, it was believed, societies experienced different stages: savagery, barbarism and, finally, civilization. Civilization, Palaeolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherer communities were considered part of the savagery stage, Neolithic and Bronze Age farmers as part of the barbarism stage, and finally Bronze Age urban communities (particularly those in the Near East)

06:28 It's not necessarily the ethanol that was crucial, but rather cooking the water to making the beer which made beer the bacteria free. That explains why light beer that children could drink, but with to low % of ethanol to kill bacteria also didn't lead to people dying.

@Bird_Dog00

2 жыл бұрын

Yea, that "1-5% of ethanol sanitizes the liquid" stuff always bugged me. I asked my dad who stuided pharmacy and worked as a pharmacist how much ethanol you'd need to get even a reliable bacteriostatic - not a bacteriocidic, not killing bacteria but merely hampering their growth - effect. He told me that anything below 50% is basicaly a waste of time and if you want to be sure to keep a liquid with something bacteria like to eat from spoiling, you should aim at 75% by volume. The main effects regarding the hyginic benefits of beer making are a) boiling the liquid to kill anything already in it, b) ocupying the ecological niche with a non-harmfull - yeast in this case - microorganism, and c) removing the sugars to deny harmfull bacteria sustenance.

@percussionfellow6168

Жыл бұрын

THANK YOU! That's one of my absolute worst history pet peeves.

I like it when they explain the history of many mundane things.

This will be an interesting one

lmao the no maidens part at the sponsorship part got me laughing

I can’t wait to learn more!

Took an athropology class in college on alcohol. Professor liked to say, "Everyone figured out three things; fire, tools, and beer."

*gets sloshed* *goes on youtube* *sees the episode about history of beer* Well, that checks out 😂👌 also, Ctulhu sipping beer is the official highlight of my month

Cool subject & I LOVE the sound of the campaign world :D

My understanding is that the reason why beer is safe is that it is boiled during the brewing process, then later the competition from yeast and the small amount of alcohol keeps it clean.

@Bird_Dog00

Жыл бұрын

It's the boiling, the filling of the ecological niche with a relatively harmless microorganism (the yeast) and the removal of sugars that make beer safe. The ethanol content of even modern style beer is at least 10 times too low to have much of a lethal effect on bacteria.

Etymologically, the word civilization relates to the Latin term civitas, or 'city', which is why it sometimes refers to urban state-level societies, setting aside the nomadic people who lack a permanent settlement and those who live in settlements that are not considered urban or do not have a state-level organization. Sometimes it can be used as a label for human societies which have attained a specific degree of complexity.

Ooo looking forward to the series! Should really add that the 'beer' they were drinking to replace water in towns and cities did not have the alcohol level that we have today, it was much more watered down.

I wonder if the whole "drinking beer was safer than the water" was true for urban centers and downstream and it just expanded outwards to where the water was relatively clean.

If I remember correctly, from reading the book that came with the Deluxe Edition of Pharaoh (and included excerpts of a Greek merchant) Egyptians drank their beer through a reed "straw" to filter out the bigger bits, while the chunks of bfead used to ferment the recipe were simply picked out and eaten (Acording to modern Experimental Archaeologists, the flavor of those soggy bread balls is like sourdough pretzles) So... Ancient beer and pretzles, confirmed!

This was what I was waiting for

Yes. The water of life. I've been waiting for this.

Homer Simpson: "To alcohol! The cause of... and solution to... all of life's problems."

i loved this

This was the history lesson I needed when I was in school.

Finally the history of my favorite drink!

Fun fact, alcohol actually predates humanity, as the common ancestor of chimps, gorillas and humans developed an adaptation to withstand ethanol that would allow them to digest the stuff and not die to the poison. This is a very rare trait in the animal kingdom, with very few animals actually being able to do such a feat as digesting ethanol. So, be lucky you are a human, because most animals die to alcohol poisoning very quickly.

Awesome, I am so looking forward to the part of the beer story that creates what we now believe to be the stereotype of witch.

guys love your work wondering if you guys would ever consider making a video of the Taino people in the Caribbean of their history and spiritual practice food for thought

hope you make an episode on koji too, it's just as fascinating as yeast

It is so international and historical that not only people of the Old World nor the Fertile Crecent had access to it, but people og the American continente did also. It was and is still made with corn or cassava and it is used for cooking, for drinking in social gatherings and for religious/ chamanic rituals. There is a chronicle written down by Garcilaso that states that at the Feast of the Sun (Inti Raymi, which is much like a New Year Party), the Inca toasted with the Sun god and he poured his cup into an aqueduct which drained from Sacsayhuaman fortress to the Temple of the Sun. Heck! you even have a similar anecdote in your Inca Empire series, in which a similar meeting was done between two mummies.

It's not the alcohol content that made beer safer than water. Even the standard 5% beer is not strong enough to kill most pathogens. It's the fact part of the process is heating the water to encourage enzymatic action in the grain to convert starches into smaller chain sugars that are digestible by yeast. There is also an alternative narrative that claims beer, its earliest ancestor being porridge allowed (accidentally or not) to ferment, came before bread. Honestly, that makes more sense to me. Porridge can be made with whole grains, while bread requires some form of processing to break down the grains, whether mechanical, or through cooking (think taking the porridge and making it into flatbreads by further cooking, or spreading and drying it for travel.

I love food & drink history

Wow didn't know that there was so much history of beer

Beer, the cause and solution of all problem in the world

Love your series wish I could donate

Ok those yeast characters are ADORABLE!

Oddly enough, I'm enjoying a beer as I watch this. Cheers!