Gout is the most common crystal induced inflammatory arthritis, caused by intra-articular deposition of mono sodium urate crystals, mainly in the small joints.
Typically affected joint in most individuals is the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
Deposition of crystals will induce inflammation in the joint, leading to an intense, excruciating pain with swelling.
Pathogenesis of gout correlates with the levels of uric acid in blood.
Uric acid is an end-stage by product of purine metabolism.
Humans’ remover uric acid primarily by renal excretion.
When excretion is insufficient to maintain serum uric acid levels below the saturation level, urate can crystallize and deposit in joints.
In about 90% of cases, the underlying cause of gout is inability to excrete uric acid by the kidneys.
This could be due to acute or chronic kidney disease, starvation, dehydration, certain medications, and chronic alcohol misuse.
Sometimes, gout can occur due to overproduction of uric acid in our body.
Especially in disorders with high cell turnover, such as leukemia and lymphoma, psoriasis, and hemolytic anemias.
Overproduction of uric acid could also be due to a genetic cause.
Another instance where excessive deposition of uric acid crystals occur is overconsumption of purine rich foods.
These include organ meats, red meat, seafood, alcohol, and beer.
In addition, intake of high saturated fat, and fructose-containing foods also increase the risk of gout, although they are not rich in purines.
Several co-morbid conditions also increase the risk of gout.
Including high blood pressure, diabetes, abnormal lipid levels in blood, obesity, and anemia.
When we talk about the diet for a patient with gout, it should not contain the foods we discussed above, as they can increase blood uric acid levels and trigger gouty attacks.
Additionally, certain foods are beneficial in reducing the chances of gout attacks, including the following.
Fruits.
Vegetables.
Legumes.
All types of nuts and seeds.
Whole grains, including oats, brown rice, and barley.
Dairy products.
Eggs.
Beverages such as coffee, tea, and green tea.
Herbs and spices.
Plant based oils, including canola, coconut, and olive oil.
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