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The key points covered in this video include:
1. Introduction to Genetic Engineering
2. Overall Process
Introduction to Genetic Engineering
Advancement in DNA techniques have allowed scientists to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetically modified organisms are organisms that have had their genomes altered by genetic engineering techniques. Scientists develop GMOs because these organisms have a more desirable phenotypes. GMOs can be made by taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the genome of another organism. This specific type of GMO is called a transgenic organism. A DNA molecule that contains DNA from more than one organism is called recombinant DNA. A transgenic organism is an organism that contains recombinant DNA. Transgenic organisms are able to successfully express a gene from a different organism as the genetic code is universal.
Overall Process
Transgenic organisms are created using the following stages: 1) The gene of interest must be isolated from the original organism. 2) This gene must be placed inside a vector. A vector is something that is capable of carrying and inserting a gene into a host organism. Vectors are often plasmids, viruses or bacteria. The vector then inserts the gene into host cells. A vector is something that is capable of carrying and inserting a gene into a host organism. Vectors are often plasmids, viruses or bacteria. 3) The vector then inserts the gene into host cells. 4) The host cells that have successfully taken up the vector must then be identified. 5) These cells that express the gene of interest are then grown or cloned. Each of these stages can be achieved by using a variety of different methods.
Summary
Genetically modified organisms are organisms that have had their genomes altered by genetic engineering techniques
This can involve inserting, deleting or changing genes
Genetically modified organisms are designed for a more desirable phenotype
DNA from two different organisms that is joined together is known as recombinant DNA
Organisms with recombinant DNA are called transgenic organisms
Transgenic organisms are made in five stages:
1) Isolation of the desired gene
2) insertion of the gene into a vector
3) insertion of the gene into the host cell by the vector
4) identification of the transgenic host cells
5) Growth or cloning of the transgenic host cells