දකුනේ හැම ලමයෙක්ටම උතුරේ යාලුවෙක් ඉන්න ඕන..♥️♥️🌼💐

@namalithisara9300

Жыл бұрын

❤️❤️❤️❤️

ඇරූන් අපේ එකා ආදරෙයි දෙමළාට 😍😍,නිර්පාක්ශික අරගලයට ජය

@gayankumara7821

9 ай бұрын

අනිවාර්යයෙන් ❤

We are with you....bro...siddartha❤❤❤❤❤

We love you brother

නියම වැඩක් 👍♥️

❤❤🙏🙏👍👍

අනිවාර්යයෙන් අරූන් ❤❤❤

අපෙත් ගැටුමක් නෑ...අරූන් ... 💐💐

@Wihagi_Samara

5 ай бұрын

thanks .. bro.. 👍💐

මරැ ❤🎉

Great job 👌👍🌱🌴🌳♻️✅

next level

Good

❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

❤

❤️❤️❤️❤️

♥️♥️

😍😍

Salagama is a Sinhalese caste found mostly in the southern coastal areas of Sri Lanka. The community was traditionally associated with the cultivation and management of cinnamon and were formerly also involved as weavers and soldiers💚The Salagamas trace their roots back to the Coromandel Coast and Malabar Coast of South India, and settled in the southern coastal areas of Sri Lanka.💚Their ancestors were a weaving community who were known as Saliya also known as Devanga Chettiar of South India💚Under Portuguese rule, many Karavas and Salagamas converted to Catholicism, which opened way to education and administrative careers💚The Portuguese continued the tradition of using Salagamas as cinnamon planters, who had to provide cinnamon as a tax💚When the Dutch East India Company (VOC) took over the coastal areas, it re-organised cinnamon cultivation on modern capitalist lines, with plantations located within the boundaries of VOC rule, mainly in the Galle district.💚The Salagamas were converted from a feudal caste into a modern proletariat💚Dutch demand for cinnamon was more intense than that of the Portuguese, and by the era of British control mortality rates among Salagamas had increased sharply. It became common practice for cinnamon peelers' children to be registered under the names of other castes in order to spare them a life of ever-growing misery💚The census of 1824 identified the Salagamas as about 7.5% of the coastal Sinhalese population. However, they were concentrated in the Galle district, where about half of them lived and where they made up almost 20% of the population❤️Durave or Durava or Durawa are a southern coastal Sinhalese caste in Sri Lanka. Their traditional occupation is toddy tapping. They are descended from post 15th century migrants from South India❤️Many were converted to Catholicism soon after the arrival of Portuguese colonials in 1505 CE. ❤️They along with other southern Sinhalese castes such as Karave and Salagama have played an important role in the historically left political and right parties.❤️They are mostly Theravada Buddhists today and were instrumental in the revival of Buddhism during the British colonial period.❤️The un-Buddhistic practice of caste discrimination introduced into the Sangha by the Siyam Nikaya in the late 18th century has been overcome by patronising the Amarapura Nikaya and the Ramanna Nikayas. Sitinamaluwe Dhammajoti (Durawa) was the last nongovigama monk to receive upasampada before the 1764 conspiracy❤️Bathgama a Sri Lankan caste predominantly in the Kandyan provinces, the traditional occupation of which was the cultivation of rice paddy !💚There were Several different indigenous clans lived in the island during the Pre Vijaya era (before 505 BCE). These clans believed that four main clans are Yaksha, Naga, Dewa (people), and Raksha❤️As with most other occupational castes in Sri Lanka, the traditional occupation of Govigama and Bathgama was agriculture under Sri Lanka’s feudal land tenure system. But Govigama and Bathgama both communities was in the same tribe call Raksha in pre Wijayan history.While Vellalar caste became the top of Tamil caste system the shadow of Vellalar, the Sinhalese Govigama caste became the top of Sinhalese society.💚Bathgama community has escaped the British period consolidation of cultivator communities as the Govigama caste and exists as an independent but rather disenfranchised caste💚The late British period saw the proliferation of native headmen and a Mudaliyars class drawn from natives who were most likely to serve the British masters with utmost loyalty. (Mudaliyar is a South Indian and Tamil name for ‘first’ and a person endowed with wealth.💚The British Governor Arthur Hamilton Gordon (1883 - 1890) and his predecessors effectively used divide and rule policies and created caste animosity among the native elite and finally confined all Native Headmen appointments only to the Govigama caste💚Mahamudliar Louis De Saram’s family of Dutch and Malay ancestry had Sinhalised and Givigamised itself during the Dutch period and had a strong network of relatives as Mudaliyars by the late 19th century💚The creation of the above Mudaliyar class by the British in the 19th century, its restriction only to the Govigama caste💚Although contrary to history, some modern Govigama historians even go to the extent to now suggest that this caste was traditionally bound to serve the Govi caste.💚The influential Mudaliyar class attempted to keep this caste and all other Sri Lankan castes out of colonial appointments💚Radalas often refer to themselves as the aristocracy of the Kingdom of Kandy and claim the term came into use following the throne of the Kingdom of Kandy went to the Nayak Dynasty💚This group of chiefs were instrumental in deposing the last king of Kandy, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha and signing the Kandyan 💚This group came to dominate national politics in the post-independence era, under the former Prime Minister ❤️Sirima Bandaranaike❤️ a direct descended of one of the signatories of the Kandyan Convention💚The traditional Kandyan Radala of the past had considered themselves to be an exclusive caste and not part of the Govigama caste💚The Radalas as a community had significant power over the throne of Kandy. This was the case as the last Nayakar King of Kandy, Sri Wickrema Rajasinha lost his throne soon after losing the military and administrative support of the Radalas for his cruelty towards his subjects, and for his licentious forced affairs with their wives and daughters.💚As much as the British created class of Sri Lankan Mudaliyars in the low-country, this class too was composed of natives who were most likely to serve the British, Govigama families that had either cooperated with the British to capture Kandy or from miscellaneous lower caste families that had joined the British cause later for financial purposes💚Most were from the Sabaragamuwa province and not from interior parts of the Kandyan provinces that were less susceptible to British influence.💚The marriage in 1910 to Kandyan 'New Radala' Mollie Dunuwila, newspaper magnate D. R. Wijewardena's marriage in 1916 to a Meedeniya and finally S. W. R. D. Bandaranayake's marriage in 1940 to Sirimavo Ratwatte appear to have muted some of the antipathies and created the common political power block that has ruled the country since independence from the British in 1948💚Nilame The names of the officials were given according to their position in each dynasty. A Banda or Bandâra was the child of royal concubines of Nayaks of Kandy and descendants of Pandarams Desikar who came down to Sri Lanka from Tamil Nadu for service of Hindu temples. They were also considered the second class of Radala.💚❤️The Nayak Kings were of Telugu origin and practiced Shaivite Hinduism and were patrons of Theravada Buddhism💚The Nayak rulers played a huge role in reviving Buddhism in the island.[4] They spoke Telugu and Tamil, and used Tamil as the court language in Kandy alongside Sinhala💚!!!!!

@vajiradesilva2422

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I belong to salagama cast. I ❤️ur comment. Mi 🙏 4 u. Mi father told me that we were from Saliya. Gramam from India..

@user-dq7ry5qp5f

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@@vajiradesilva2422 singalese caste systems The documented history of the island begins with the arrival of Prince Vijaya from India.!!!! Although the origin of Sri Lankan communities is unclear!!! genetic studies on Sinhalese have shown that most of the Sinhala community are genetically related to North Indians, with traces from South India too!!! The interior arable land is largely dominated by the Govigama caste under the Sinhalese and by the Vellalar under the Sri Lankan Tamils !! About half of the Sinhalese population are Govigama.!!Evidence of this hierarchy can be seen during the 18th-century British-Kandyan period,!!! In the Central Highlands, many traditions of the Kingdom of Kandy were preserved from its 1818 collapse beyond independence in 1948 and the Land Reform Act of the 1970s. Although large agricultural landlords belonged to the Govigama caste, many now may not own land. Most Govigama were however ordinary farmers and tenants as absolute land ownership was exclusive to the king until the British colonial period!!!The peasants under them are the Sinhalese Bathgama and Tamil Pallars.!!! The coastal land is dominated by the Karavas under the Sinhalese and the Karaiyar under the Tamils!!!! The artisans were collectively known as Navandanna by the Sinhalese and as Kammalar by the Tamils.!!!While toddy tapping was largely in the hands of the Sinhalese Durava and Tamil Nalavar, jaggery production was in the hands of the Sinhalese Vahumpura and Tamil Cantars The traditional drummers of both ethnicities, the Sinhalese Berava and Tamil Paraiyar, have religious importance in Buddhism and Hinduism, respectively.!!!. The domestic castes of barbers and dhobies were the respective Sinhalese Ambattaya and Hinnava, and Tamil Ambattar and Vannar!!!they occurred between comparable castes; Eurasians and South Indian Chetties married into the southern Sinhalese Govigama and Karava!!!Political power and wealth have largely replaced caste as the main factor in Sri Lankan social stratification, especially in the Sinhalese and Indian Tamil communities!!! Ponnambalam Ramanathan, under British Ceylon, opposed extending voting rights to the people and urged reservation of franchise only to men of the Vellalar caste.Rajapaksa was born into a large upper-caste family and was brought up as a Buddhist. The term Govigama became popular during the last period of the Sinhalese Kingdom of Kandy. considerable background was deemed not of 'royalty', hence a Telugu of royalty was imported from Madurai. This last Kandyan royal dynasty (four kings) of Nayake origin was from the Balija caste!! This conspiracy festered within the Siam Nikaya itself and Moratota Dhammakkandha, Mahanayaka of Kandy, with the help of the last two Kandyan Telugu Kings victimised the low-country Mahanayaka Karatota Dhammaranma by confiscating the Sri Pada shrine and the retinue villages from the low country fraternity and appointing a rival Mahanayaka!! Non-Govigama representation in Parliament has steadily declined since independence and representation of non-Govigama castes are well below their population percentages. Caste representation in the Cabinet has always been limited to a few very visible, but unconcerned and disconnected members from other castes!!! between the Govigama and Karāva contributed in a secondary manner towards the rift between the Rajapakse clan and General Fonseka❤ The Sinhalese caste system is best described as an upside down triangle where ‘the higher in the hierarchy, the greater the numbers’ and ‘the lower in the hierarchy, the lesser the numbers’. Therefore, the introduction of democracy - a system in which numbers matter - did not directly contribute to the emancipatory aspirations of lower caste groups in Sri Lanka. Despite the increase of parliamentary seats by more than two-folds and the transformation of the electoral system from a simple majority system to one based on proportional representation with preferential voting that favours numerically smaller groups, the Goigama caste that is considered to be ‘superior’ and dominates in numerical terms has continued to receive greater representation in the national legislature. ❤ forced the Karava, the Salagama and Durava castes to seek ordination in Myanmar. Many others converted to Christianity in protest.❤ . Sri Lanka’s current President Mahinda Rajapakse is also from a prominent Govigama family. Sri Lanka’s elite families hail from this caste. They include the low-country Goonetillekes, the Jayewardenes, the Bandaranaikes, the Senanayakes, the Kotelawalas, the de Sarams, the de Liveras, the de-Tisseras, the Wijewardenes and so on. Then there were the up-country Kandyan Ratwattes (Sirimavo was one), the Meedeniyas, the Eknoligodas, the Dunuwilles, the Tennekoons, the Moonemalles, the Nugawelas, the Panabokkes and the Kobbekaduwas. Buddhism, many returned to Buddhism. Jayewardene, Kotelawala, Bandaranaike and Wickremasinghe were examples. The Govigama elite had collaborated with the colonial masters benefiting in terms of employment, education and land ownership❤ Just below are the Karava or fishermen caste who dominate the maritime districts. The Karava account for roughly 10% of the Sinhala population. ❤ While many of the low country Govigama had become Anglican during colonial rule, about half of the Karave Sinhala population converted to Roman Catholicism. The Sinhala Karava western maritime belt of Puttalam, Chilaw, Wennapuwa, Negombo, Ja-Ela, Wattala, North Colombo, Moratuwa and to a lesser extent Panadura had become Catholic.The Sri Lankan navy has traditionally been a Karave preserve. Cardinal Malcolm Ranjith is of the Sinhala Karava caste. ❤ The third caste of consequence was the Salagama or Cinnamon Peeler who accounted for roughly 5% of the Sinhala population.❤ The veteran Sri Lankan politician C.PSilva belonged to his caste. 🧡The Durave or toddy tapper castes are related to the Ezhavas of Kerala or the Nadar or Tamil Nadu. Mangala Samaraweera, former Minister of Foreign Affairs, one time member of the ruling Sri Lanka Freedom Party and fired by President Rajapakse belongs to the Durave caste!!! . Wimal Weerawansa, staunch anti Tamil, belongs to the Berava caste🧡In elections likewise, the caste composition of electorates is factored in by all major parties before a candidate is identified. Salagama candidates get appointed to seats in Balapitiya, Boosa and Rathgama while Karave candidates are nominated for Karave constituencies. But it is the Buddhist Sangha or clergy which traditionally had been most divided by caste.💚 The dominant Siam Nikaya was once exclusively confined to the Govigama caste and remains overwhelmingly Govigama. The Karava, Salagama and Durava castes obtained ordination in Myanmar setting up the Amarapura Nikaya. The Amarapura Nikaya is subdivided into 21 sub sects defined on caste lines. The Buddhist modernist Ramanya Nikaya sect rejected caste as a qualification for entry into the Sangha. Each of the three sects run their own temples. Karave Buddhists tend to patronize Buddhist temples belonging to their sub-sect of the Amarapura Nikaya. Buddhists belonging to other castes do likewise. In short, Sinhala Buddhism was ordered on the basis of caste. The dominant Siam Nikaya was once exclusively confined to the Govigama caste and remains overwhelmingly Govigama. The Karava, Salagama and Durava castes obtained ordination in Myanmar setting up the Amarapura Nikaya. The Amarapura Nikaya is subdivided into 21 sub sects defined on caste lines. The Buddhist modernist Ramanya Nikaya sect rejected caste as a qualification for entry into the Sangha. Each of the three sects run their own temples. Karave Buddhists tend to patronize Buddhist temples belonging to their sub-sect of the Amarapura Nikaya. Buddhists belonging to other castes do likewise. In short, Sinhala Buddhism was ordered on the basis of caste. Elections were held in 1911 for the Educated Ceylonese Seat in the colonial legislature. Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan, a Tamil, ran against Sir Marcus Fernando, a Karava Sinhalese. The Govigama Sinhalese voted enmasse for Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan in order to deny Marcus Fernando a seat. They succeeded! But not all Sinhala Buddhists accepted the subjugation they had to endure as witnessed in the recent bloody JVP insurrections. It is estimated that 20,000 Sinhala youth were killed in 1971 and 60,000 were killed in 1989 as the military crushed the youth insurgencies. Most of the dead belonged to the non-Govigama castes💚💚💚💚 Rajabaksha family christened but they are converted Buddhism. Rajabaksha and Ranil Govigama cast. Bandaranaike family Nayaggar cast. Buddhism Maha Peedam dominated politics. Govigama caste. Vimal Weerawansa ❤prava caste. The Karavas amassed wealth through commercial ventures such as in coastal navigation, fishing, carpentry, transportation, arrack, coconut, rubber, graphite and other industries.❤ The Karava chieftains resisted the colonial Portuguese rule in 16th century. The Karava Prince of Uva, Kuruvita Rala (also known as Antonio Barreto. who had his strongholds in Batticaloa, Wellawaya, Negombo and parts of Sabaragamuwa and Matara region, led his and the troops of Sitawaka Kingdom and revolted against the Portuguese . Kuruvita Rala also raided the Kandy Kingdom and drove king Senarat of Kandy out of his capital.❤ They were under Portuguese rule, along with the Karaiyar and Nair recruited as Lascarins and were converted to Catholicism❤ Large Catholic Karava communities exists ever since, who were mostly Hindus prior to conversion The Catholic Karava chieftains sided with the Kingdom of Kandy and the kingdom's Dutch allies against the Portuguese empire, and the King bestowed honors and titles to the Karava chieftains.

@user-dq7ry5qp5f

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Telugus are an ethnic group from Sri Lanka who trace their origins to Telugu-speaking regions centuries ago. They are commonly known in English as Sri Lankan Gypsies, in Sinhala as Ahikuntaka, and in Tamil as Kuravar. ❤️💚💚💚Jaffna in only Tamil languages and Tamil peoples.💚💚💚❤️Kandy Nayakars.rulers of the Kingdom of Kandy between 1739 and 1815, and the last dynasty to rule on the island.The Nayak Kings were of Telugu origin and practiced shaivam Hinduism and were patrons of Theravada Buddhism!!❤️The Nayak rulers played a huge role in reviving Buddhism in the island. 🧡They spoke Telugu and Tamil, and used Tamil as the court language in Kandy alongside Sinhala🧡The King was eventually deposed by the British government under the terms of the Kandyan Convention in 1815, ending over 2,300 years of domination by the Sinhalese crown on the island. The island was incorporated into the British Empire, and Sri Vikrama Rajasinha was succeeded by George III, as monarch of British Ceylon.Prior to his coronation in 1798, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha was known as Prince Kannasamy Naidu❤️He was a member of the Madurai Nayak Dynasty and the nephew of Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha. He succeeded his uncle as the King of Kandy in 1798 at the age of eighteen.💙💚❤️ranil wickremesinghe,Bandaranaike, senayaka chandrika , Rajabaksha he is family look like faces Pali Indonesia ❤️💚💙sarathweerasegara and Vimala weerasinga Tamil Nadu costal peoples

@user-dq7ry5qp5f

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Thus began the process of Sinhalization by acculturation of Kerala migrants and in turn their influence on the Sinhalese society. Sinhalese scholar Amaradasa Liyanagamage notes that the fortress of Jayawardhanapura built by Alagakkonara and the sense of confidence and morale created by him were what enabled the king Parakramabahu.thirteenth century marked the pinnacle of the domination of Sri Lanka by Dravidians. Large numbers of Malayalis began pouring into the island as mercenaries and traders and settled in the upcountry and coastal regions. They were eventually assimilated into the Sinhalese social structure and now identify as Sinhalese. The Sinhalese caste communities such as the Karava (about 17%), the Salagama (about 8%) and the Duruva (about 6%) who together make up a 31% of the Sinhalese population are said to have been recent migrants from South India:💚In common with such castes as the Salagama and Durava, the Karava possessed the mixed disadvantage of being mostly made up of relatively recent Dravidian migrants. Their position contrasted with that of other non-Goyigama castes whose specialist functions involved ritual services to the Goyigama caste people or to the local temple. In further contrast, it would appear that, initially, they did not control much wet paddy land and were not involved in rice cultivation to the same degree as either the Goyigama or the other non-Goyigama castes.💛As with the Durava, Salagama, Parava and Mukkuva communities, there is little reason to doubt that they [Karava] originated from the Dravidian world of south India. In his study of the local history of Madampe in the early sixteenth century, the names of several residents led C. R. de Silva to note the presence of ‘a strong Dravidian tinge in the population’🧡as 'Mukkaras' or 'Mukkuvas' (probably the same people) whose origins are believed to be in Kerala; and the presence today in the Puttalam area on the island's northwest coast of Tamil-speaking Mukkuvas who adhere to the Roman Catholic or Muslim faiths, and their probable connections with the Malabar coast (i.e. Kerala) fishermen known as Mukkuvan🧡the Portuguese and Dutch practice of bringing over slaves, mercenary soldiers and 'coolies' from the Kanara and Malabar coasts🧡❤️has been clearly established that Malayalis became assimilated to both Tamil and Sinhalese cultures.❤️🧡. There’s a malayali caste from sri lanka, ezhava caste. And Sinhalese believe that their southern castes like karawa, durawa, salagama are from modern day kerala area/ or have some connection to malayali people❤️Absolutely, a lot of Sinhalese have Malayali ancestry due immigration from Kerala in the last 500 years or so. However, there seems to be evidence of Malayali immigration to Sri Lanka even in the ancient times and interestingly some Sinhalese immigrating to Kerala as well.❤️🧡

@user-dq7ry5qp5f

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Absolutely, a lot of Sinhalese have Malayali ancestry due immigration from Kerala in the last 500 years or so. However, there seems to be evidence of Malayali immigration to Sri Lanka even in the ancient times and interestingly some Sinhalese immigrating to Kerala as well. It is fair to say that Sinhalese and Malayalis share the same gene pool to a great extent. Several Sinhalese castes especially from the costal regions such as Karava, Durava and Salagama, claim ancestry from different regions of present day Kerala. There is a theory that that Ezheva caste of Kerala originated from Sri Lanka and originally had a Buddhist background therefore people have moved both ways between the two regions. There is also evidence that some Malayali migrants were absorbed into the Govigama caste of coastal regions. A shared ancestry has been further augmented by similarities in food, landscape, customs and habits of the two regions. The only major difference between the Sinhalese and Malayalis is language. Sinhalese is an Indo-iranian language while Malayali is a member of the Dravidian family. In my opinion, the community with the closest kinship to the Sinhalese in the subcontinent are the Malayalis. Although Buddhism has almost disappeared from Kerala, historians say that in ancient times Kerala had a strong position and its cultural influence can still be seen in the people of Kerala. It is believed that Buddhism reached Kerala in its infancy. There is historical evidence that Buddhist monks came to Kerala in the 6th century BC. The teachings of Ashoka and many of the local kings of Kerala and the many works of the Sangam period show the influence of Buddhism in Kerala. Emperor Ashoka sent Buddhist monks to all directions and a group of Buddhist monks came here directly from Sri Lanka. Ashoka was an emperor who longed to conquer the whole of India. Due to his military prowess and the religious tolerance of the Chera kings in Kerala, Buddhism was widely accepted. The moral struggle waged by Buddhist monks against human sacrifice, animal sacrifice and other rituals was the first social reform in Kerala against the customs of Dravidian culture. Buddhism, which changed the cultural fabric of Kerala and revolutionized social life, was later reduced to a nominal one. As a revolutionary change in the field of education, they established temples and numerous clinics in all corners. Their treatment centers, known as medical centers, brought about a radical change for Keralites who were practicing witchcraft at that time.