An ULTRAMASSIVE black hole has been discovered in A BRAND NEW WAY
Ғылым және технология
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Last week researchers at Durham University announced they had measured the mass of the supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy Abell 1201 at 32 billion times heavier than the Sun. It's so massive that people describe ti as an "ultramassive black hole". In this video we chat about the brand new method they used to get at this measurement and why that's so exciting. #blackhole #astrophysics #space
Nightingale et al. (2023; ultramassive black hole in Abell 1201) - arxiv.org/pdf/2303.15514.pdf
McConnell et al. (2011; NGC 4889 & A3358 SMBH measurement) - arxiv.org/pdf/1112.1078.pdf
Dullo et al. (2021; NGC 6166 SMBH measurement) - arxiv.org/pdf/2012.04471.pdf
Shemmer et al. (2004; TON 618 SMBH measurement; Table 2) - arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/040655...
Haring & Rix (2004; correlation of SMBH mass with stellar mass) - arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/040237...
McConnell & Ma (2013; correlation of SMBH mass with velocity dispersion) - arxiv.org/pdf/1211.2816
Hopkins et al. (2007; correlation of SMBH with galaxy radius) - arxiv.org/pdf/0707.4005.pdf
Smethurst et al. (2023; my research on scatter in SMBH correlations without galaxy mergers) - arxiv.org/pdf/2211.13677.pdf
My previous video on TON 618 and the maximum mass a SMBH can have: • How massive can black ...
More information on the Vera Rubin Observatory - rubinobs.org/
00:00 - Introduction
00:17 - When does a black hole become "ultramassive"?
00:36 - The biggest black holes we know of
01:27 - How do we normally measure the mass of supermassive black holes?
05:25 - The correlations between black holes and their galaxies
06:31 - Gravitational lensing and black hole masses
08:22 - The best fit model to Abell 1201
10:25 - The future of this method with JWST and VRO
11:28 - Durham University ❤️
11:51 - Brilliant
13:07 - Bloopers
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
Пікірлер: 717
"I cant use football because of the Americans and their hand eggs." - The best quote ever.
@Mumra2K
Жыл бұрын
It's not just the quote, it's the delivery. She feels it to her core. Love it.
@lordgarion514
11 ай бұрын
The funny thing is that they're wrong. The word football is as correct as soccer is Since I can't post links, I'll just copy-paste the article from encyclopedia Britannica..... "One of the best-known differences between British and American English is the fact that the sport known as football in Great Britain is usually called soccer in the United States. Because the sport originated in England, it is often assumed that soccer is an Americanism. In fact, the word is thoroughly British in origin. So why is it that Americans (not to mention Canadians, Australians, and others) are likelier to use the word than Brits are? The answer lies in how the sport developed in each country. Although football-type games have been around for centuries, the sport we know today is often said to have begun in 1863, when England’s newly formed Football Association wrote down a set of rules. At the time, it was the most widely played game of its kind in the country, but it wasn’t the only one. Rugby football, named after an English boarding school, was a variation that allowed players to carry and run with the ball to advance it toward the goal. The game played under the Football Association’s rules thus became known as association football. Inevitably, the names would be shortened. Linguistically creative students at the University of Oxford in the 1880s distinguished between the sports of “rugger” (rugby football) and “assoccer” (association football). The latter term was further shortened to “soccer” (sometimes spelled “socker”), and the name quickly spread beyond the campus. However, “soccer” never became much more than a nickname in Great Britain. By the 20th century, rugby football was more commonly called rugby, while association football had earned the right to be known as just plain football. Meanwhile, in the United States, a sport emerged in the late 19th century that borrowed elements of both rugby and association football. Before long, it had proved more popular than either of them. In full, it was known as gridiron football, but most people never bothered with the first word. As a result, American association-football players increasingly adopted soccer to refer to their sport. The United States Football Association, which had formed in the 1910s as the official organizing body of American soccer, changed its name to the United States Soccer Football Association in 1945, and it later dispensed with the “Football” altogether. No longer just a nickname, soccer had stuck. Other countries where the word soccer is common include those that, like the United States, have competing forms of football. For instance, Canada has its own version of gridiron football; Ireland is home to Gaelic football; and Australia is mad about Australian rules football (which is derived from rugby). In places where football can be ambiguous, soccer is usefully precise." Of course, Americans are also correct in our spelling of "aluminum" as well. (You should look that one up)
@thedoctor2102
11 ай бұрын
So…what about rugby?
Since the Milky Way is 1.2 to 1.9 trillion solar masses, this black hole is 1.68% to 2.66% of the entire mass of our galaxy.
@lukefuller284
Жыл бұрын
Sorry what was that? It's hard to hear with my brain melting out of my ears
@maalikserebryakov
Жыл бұрын
Did you account for the mass of the Dark mystery magical woo woo Matter in this calculation?
@zach1425
Жыл бұрын
Alright now what percent of my entire mass is it
@pingpong1727
Жыл бұрын
Around 4.6%
@davidtatro7457
Жыл бұрын
And it would be more massive than many entire small galaxies, which is insane.
Your excitement is so genuine and contagious. We should all be so lucky to enjoy our careers as much as you do. Thank you for always making learning fun. 😊
I find that one of the most beautiful things about science is that at both the quantum and cosmic scales so many measurements are all about ranges of probabilities within which the truth lies. No matter how much exciting progress we make through creative problem-solving and clever inferrences, there's always a certain amount of uncertainty. Nature keeps us humble and perpetuates our sense of wonder.
@DoubleDeuce69
Жыл бұрын
My Dixie wrecked
@michaelsommers2356
Жыл бұрын
There's uncertainty in all measurements, at all scales.
@joegerkrep7727
Жыл бұрын
@Michael Sommers the person who is in love with an idea vs the average person lmao, og commenter vs you
@WilliamRWarrenJr
Жыл бұрын
That is to say, "... unless or until we decide we know enough now, thank you, and in fact, we need to burn some of these ideas & the people who had them."
@michaelsommers2356
Жыл бұрын
@@joegerkrep7727 What does that mean? Are you claiming that there are some perfect measurements?
Dr Becky you are an amazing presenter. So engaging and so articulate.
DR. Becky I've been studying astronomy for over 40 years. You are so delightful to learn from. Well done as always. DR
Loving the way you break things down. Havent touched a physics book in over 35 years and this is flowing for me! Subscribed.
@Hellndegenerates
Жыл бұрын
No physics here whatsoever
@ericjones9471
Жыл бұрын
@D33Z NUTS ??? Gravitation, electromagnetism, relativity?
How exciting to have your advisors a part of this new research. Congratulations
Thank you for talking fast and being in touch with your excitement!
I'm starting the long journey to becoming an astrophysicist and just joined Brilliant. Thank you!!!
I was waiting for thiss !! As usual, thank you Dr. Becky !!
Becky you were definitely born to do astronomy. Greetings and hugs from New England. ❤
I love watching your episodes. You are among the best Dr Becky.
Fascinating indeed! Thanks, dr. Becky! Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Another great video by Dr. Becky! Everything is explained that even a novice like myself can understand.
@michaelclark4836
Жыл бұрын
and that lets you know that she knows what she is talking about. If you can't explain it to a 6 year old you don't know it yourself! I will admit science needs at least 10 y ears to gasp.
@ogedeh
Жыл бұрын
It's cool enough to learn about _how_ all these things work, but I just wanna know _why_
@reasonerenlightened2456
Жыл бұрын
The video is for 10 year old girls or boys. Clearly, Dr Becky desires to become a mom.
@GregorShapiro
Жыл бұрын
@@ogedeh Physics! That's why!
I have a degree in physics/astronomy, and this is explained so well. I have come across much of the things you discuss in your videos, and gives me inspiration to continue with my masters in space science..
I finished your book last week, which really helps to follow your videos, but you really had me with the hand-egg 🙂
So much cool black hole news lately. I can't wait to see you cover the double quasar hubble just found.
Incredible video as always! As a fellow black hole hunter/weigher myself (dynamically modeling ALMA data cubes to get BH masses in early-type galaxies), I'm curious to know just how excited you are with all of the new and future avenues of BH mass measurements (i.e. JWST, GMT, TMT, ngVLA, eLISA etc.) considering how the same BH masses weighed with different techniques tend to give large discrepancies beyond the formal error bars (e.g. M87's gas-dynamical vs. stellar dynamical BH mass measurement(s) vs. the EHT shadow measurement)? It would be really cool see a video speculating what the future of SMBH mass measurements and our understanding of the local SMBH-host galaxy scaling relations will be like with all of these different tools/measurement techniques at our disposal, and especially how we'll have higher spatial resolution to probe the smaller scale astrophysics and connect SMBH demographics with theories of galaxy formation and evolution!
@Scapeonomics
Жыл бұрын
If there were galaxy clusters made of antimatter, how would we tell?
@reasonerenlightened2456
Жыл бұрын
The video is for 10 year old girls or boys. Clearly, Dr Becky desires to become a mom.
Excellent ❤️❤️ This is the Channel I am looking for since😍
I saw a little bit about this earlier this week and immediately thought "I want to see what Dr Becky has to say"
I really do love watching your videos dr. Becky. 👍🏻
just finished your book Becky, easy to understand and informative.
Absolutely love your enthusiasm 😃❤️
Great video as always. And this black hole really got a lot of media attention.
A new video from Dr. Becky is always a bright spot to the day....
I was waiting for this. Fascinating stuff
Thank you for including us!! Much love from indiana.
Fascinating stuff. I'm going to read your book so I can have even more questions than answers. Keep up the good work.
@shawnranger5101
Жыл бұрын
Just ordered it, myself.
@reasonerenlightened2456
Жыл бұрын
The video is for 10 year old girls or boys. Clearly, Dr Becky desires to become a mom.
Thank you Dr. Becky! You are always a silver lining in my day ! You are delightful ! Sara from Salem, MA USA
I love your passion to teach, hopefully seeing you here in Chile when the VCR, GMT and ELT observatories became online
Audio book is amazing. Love your vids as well.
Thanks, lovely Dr. Becky~
Well done, you are usually very good at explaining, but this one was above and beyond.
Very informative and entertaining! Go figure!
Thank you for the video.
Black holes of this size , just become incomprehensible !!!!!
Quite a flashback with that older video. I remember seeing you in another channel’s videos (on Sixty Symbols I think?) and was excited when you started your own channel. It seems like it took a little bit of time to take off, but here we are 🎉
Listening to Dr. Becky on my phone while I fix up some left overs. Go back to my computer and pause the video on my phone. Searching through the million tabs I have open to find the video on my PC and Dr. Becky's OHMYGODLETMETELLYOUSOMETHINGAWESOMEFACE dominated my screen...... LOL YUP! That's the one, now where was I....
That video was very informative and awesome as always, however watching the bloopers. I have learnt a valuable new term HAND EGGS .
You just explained something in two words that confused me for like 30 years. Gravity doesn't make supermassive things "suck in" other things, it DEFLECTS other objects. That makes so much more sense!
Question/potential video idea: regarding taking spectrums of light from around black holes, I have this nagging feeling that black holes rip up atoms into quarks and other interesting things, which have a very good chance of throwing off measurements? I'd love a video going into detail regarding the large hadron collider as our main source of knowing what the spectrographs of those exotic particles would look like - If you don't already have one that is (which I've been watching for 1.5+ years and haven't seen it, so I assume not). I actually got this idea from the Thought Emporium, and his video regarding detecting Muons where he goes into detail about lots of the exotic particles
@stuart207
Жыл бұрын
I'm gonna throw you a bone for that idea.
Hi Dr. Becky thank you for the video. Could you please cover "The great attractor". Its speculated nature, estimated size/mass, and the location of the "gravitational anomaly".
@UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana
Жыл бұрын
Why not make it a video 📹 on the laws of physics changing based on location in spacetime (and other things there) in general? And include that as one chapter.
@CustardCream22
Жыл бұрын
It’s just more massive galaxies at the side of ours which is why we can’t see them as our own galaxy is blocking the light. There’s not much more we can know.
@XGD5layer
Жыл бұрын
@@UniDocs_Mahapushpa_Cyavana We don't even know if they stay the same or change, but we assume that they don't
@jaydeevaldez9934
Жыл бұрын
The Great Attractor is a phenomenon in intergalactic space. It is the common point where galaxies have a noticeable effect or change in their redshifts in the sky. Note that they are all redshifted. All the galaxies are still subject to the metric expansion of space, including us. We are not headed to the Great Attractor, and actually moving further away from it. It's just less than what you would expect. If you try to calculate the redshift using Hubble's law, our redshift with respect to the Great Attractor is lower. It is trying to pull on us with gravity. But it is still redshifted, which means the expansion of space wins in this tug of war.
@CustardCream22
Жыл бұрын
@@jaydeevaldez9934 Please explain how it is red shifted when we can’t even see it? 🧐
i love the bloopers section, they're so funny!
07:08 I loved the autofocus making a point here lol
Just wow, as a mathematician. I watch the first 30 seconds and i am already super astonished. I am sure all mathematicians noticed but in case you didn't, as in every random natural event in the universe from rolling dices randomly to super massive black hole sizes apparently. The the mass follows a normal distribution ( also known as a gaussian distribution) shown as a bell curve at 0:30.
@englishmuffinpizzas
Жыл бұрын
It’s been shown on a logarithmic scale though. On a linear scale you’d see it’s very far from Gaussian
Always enjoy your vids.. :-)
Best youtube ever. A firehose of mindblowingly cool ideas coming at me. I'm forever in your debt
I just received my copy of your book. I’m so looking forward to attempting to understand it.
Discovering things is cool, but discovering new ways to discover things is even cooler.
Oh, I was really, really stretched to try to follow this! I thought I had the basics about the Doppler effect (Shorter wave length= blue, longer =red ERGO towards=blue, away from=red, right? Oh wait, there's more to it than that?) and about Einstein rings, but there's so much I just have to accept at face value. Nonetheless, I get really excited by all the information that's coming in. Please never stop!
Wonderful to learn of the enormous singularity!🧠💢😄 Wonderful to hear a congested rendition of 'smelly cat', thanks DB.💚💚💚
I enjoy your use of the universal I, You and We.
Super-Massively brilliant science communicator. So good i bought the t-shirt.
I always find Dr Becky’s explanation of all this Astrophysical fascinating. However, with my high school maths, the actual science blows me away. Over heats my brain😄
Can't wait for the Muse to release their new hit now, Super massive black hole was quality.
wow great well explained video! if my teachers at school talked about science the way you do, i would of taken a different path in life
FYI: if one were to fall into at 32.7 billion solar mass blackhole you would have only 140.59 hours before you reach the singularity. 😱
Cool video thanks.
Dr. Becky this is fascinating and amazing and I love the way you present things! But you HAVE to know how hilarious the title of this video sounds out of context
Wow! Now imagine the size of the black hole in the center of the universe. 😱
@roman11235813
Жыл бұрын
The universe has no central point.
@nuneke0
Жыл бұрын
@@roman11235813 It's a joke. But BTW, nobody really knows if the universe has a center point, or how big it really is. It's just our current best guess derived from what we currently know about the observable universe.
@randomnickify
Жыл бұрын
Actually, as far I remember, black holes have an upper mass limit, and we have already seen the ones close to it.
Asking at the start of the video, before I forget the question. Apologies if you answer later in the video! And double apologies if you answered these in your book. It looks absolutely lovely on my shelf, but I have yet to read it! You've previously discussed the different sizes of black holes, and the thresholds between them, but is there a theoretical upper limit to the mass of a black hole? (How about a lower limit? At what point would losing mass through Hawking radiation cause a black hole to no longer be a black hole?)
Looking forward to a fan comic about Hydro-Jen! Also: American Hand Eggs! In Chinese, it's literally called 橄榄球 which is literally "Olive ball" because the ball looks just like an olive pit :)
THERE IT IS !!! At 6:47... Thank you for that more complete 3 D video of the bending of space and time. I have been wondering why not enough people use that modeling as I personally have NEVER seen it until this video. My vote is that you would use it more and show it longer. I believe it will have a profound affect on your viewers. MY EDIT: Slowed down to 25% you could even add the effect leaving the viewer squeezing together toward the center of the planet. But... uhh... Turn down the volume when you go to 25% Fantastic video by the way
Can you please do a video on how A.I. will improve space exploration. Fantastic video as always!
Dr Becky rules! 😍
I have seen this galaxy attract more attention in recent days! Thank you Dr. Becky! I am honestly curious about what you think of the supermassive black hole at the center of the central galaxy of the Phoenix cluster, Phoenix A*. It has been estimated with a mass of 100 Billion solar masses, but I have heard that this is uncertain. I would love to hear your opinions on this. Thanks!
@jpdemer5
Жыл бұрын
So massive, it attracts attention from billions of miles away.
@deltalima6703
Жыл бұрын
Miles?
@photonjones5908
Жыл бұрын
You might review the papers where the uncertainties were weighed and listed, and form your own opinion, CDSportal and NED are great places to start.
@MrEscape314
Жыл бұрын
@@deltalima6703 I mean.. it is that.. just many billions..
@tomkrzyt
Жыл бұрын
uncertain or not you should keep away 🙂
I strongly recommend Dr Becky's book! Just finished it. I enjoyed discovering new ideas and confirmation of some of my own thoughts.
The link to your book in the description doesn't seem to work? Says the content isn't hosted there any more
Ring Galaxy ... nice example with the candle and the glass.
Mind.......BLOWN !
Wow, so clever. I'm trying to keep up 😊
Fascinating stuff
Good infographics
Hand eggs!! Ha ha that’s ace, proper made me chuckle!
The bloopers legitimately made me laugh today. Hand eggs! Hydro Jen!
Very cool!
My sinuses hate me right now, too, so... I get it, Dr. Becky! 😖 ❤️❤️
They seriously need to start giving these supermassive black holes more interesting names.
I gather you can also use dopler mechanics, spectroscopy and GR to calculate orientation of the black hole spin.
Thanks for explaining exactly how this isn't exact. :D AI will really help in this field if we let it. We don't even know what we don't know yet. Exciting!
That's like hitting the cold, empty, near eternal blackhole era heat death of the universe JACKPOT.
Hey Dr. Becky, I am not sure if I should share your enthusiasm this time 🤔 As you pointed out, uncertainties are massive and thus numbers seem to be given with too many digits. As far as I learned, usually many different distributions of mass in a cluster or maybe even in a single galaxy would yield the observed lensed appearance of the far galaxy,hence the uncertainties. And how about Dark Matter? Isn't it believed that most of it is distributed in the peripheral regions of a galaxy? How much should there be compared to the central mass? I really see potential in gravitational leasing analyses to find hints if Dark Matter models or alternative models like MOND might be more plausible in real galactic life 😎👍🏻🇩🇪
Do you know how to check if a person is a talented expert on a field? Because they can explain very complex processes with plain language for the average Joes. Dr Becky you are one of them, thanks.
Ah! How I wait for this moment every Thursday. Imagine ! Billions of pixels uploaded everyday and of all that we wait for is Dr. Becky! Reminds me of Coldplay lyrics -- Without you, it's a waste of time. :)
Loved both books Becky. I don't often re-read books (which I should really) but I'll definitely be doing so. I wonder if TON 618's Black Hole will be surpassed in size. One of many things that I wonder after reading the books.
@miners_haven
Жыл бұрын
It already has with Phoenix A, which has a mass of around 1×10¹¹ (100 billion) solar masses.
Haven't commented here before, but Anton Petrov also covered this story in the past day or so. He included some references to a new study downgrading the mass of Ton618 to 40 billion solar masses. It's still huge, of course. He also put up the image (available on Wikipedia) comparing Ton618 to the 100-billion solar mass estimated Phoenix A black hole. So, I'm just curious--how do you figure that Ton618 still takes the title rather than Phoenix A, and that the newer, lower-mass estimate is not as credible?
Dr Becky. Awesome video and very easy to understand. I have a question on your book. Is it written so a layman would understand it? I do read science journals, but sometimes they gets way beyond my understanding. Thanks
@HSkraekelig
Жыл бұрын
I just finished the book a couple of days ago, and I can assure you that it is written for a layman. Dr. Becky's writing is comfortably informal, and reads the way she sounds in her videos. It reminded me of the writings of Dr. Isaac Asimov. She takes us from early discoveries all the way through to the latest theories. Five stars. Highly recommended.
@DanHottenroth
Жыл бұрын
@@HSkraekelig Thank you for the information.
@reasonerenlightened2456
Жыл бұрын
The video is for 10 year old girls or boys. Clearly, Dr Becky desires to become a mom.
I could listen to you talk all night long. I can't say I'll understand every word, but I'd listen. :)
Does anyone else imagine Dr. Becky drunk on wine looking at the bottom her empty glass exclaiming excitedly that she's found another Einstein ring?
Dr. Becky, I feel you on the allergies. I am allergic to ivy and redwood trees both of which are outside my condo and I am not looking forward to allergy season thanks to all the rain that's happened here in California.
I didn't realize I had this video playing at 1.25 speed and her enthusiasm was extra.
So I’ve had this question for a long time (as a person who studied Chem and physics in college but didn’t finish cus I got depressed): does charge of spinning material affect it’s spectrum? Just feels weird to only think about the protons involved
"All GOOD bookstores" - when astrophysicists throw shade 😎
@Dr.Becky can you talk about Ton 618 and Phoenix A
They should try the old MagOrd way of measuring. You send it the newest victorias secret magazine and wait and see what size it orders
Dr. Becky almost going super nova talking about that black hole. 🤣 Nice review.
@iUdopeme
Жыл бұрын
I'm so sorry @ 7:00, the center ball is so small to be a basket ball, #idkaboutbasketballtoo
Oooo... look at Ms. Fancy Pants with her stemmed wine glasses and candles. Some of us have to make due with old novelty cups from Ponderosa. :D
Because life happens in needed to give of pursuit of cosmology but you have me excited again.
Dr Becky, I love your videos, question, how long would the event horizon (shock wave) take to reach earth from Betelgeuse? If it goes supernova, as its about 624 light years away or over 6,000 Trillion Kilometres away!