All Upper Limb Tension Tests | ULTT | ULNT

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This is not medical advice. The content is intended as educational content for health care professionals and students. If you are a patient, seek care of a health care professional. The Upper limb tension tests are the upper limbs equivalent to the straight leg raise test. They are mainly used to assess neurological symptoms in the upper limb possibly originating from a cervical radiculopathy
Articles:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12...
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Пікірлер: 174

  • @Physiotutors
    @Physiotutors5 жыл бұрын

    Review assessments on the go with our e-book or app and solidify your clinical reasoning in our online course: Course: bit.ly/PTMSK Book: bit.ly/GETPT App: physiotutors.com/app

  • @rafaelomonoia1948

    @rafaelomonoia1948

    4 жыл бұрын

    Εμπ1

  • @dr.anjanavipin7402

    @dr.anjanavipin7402

    3 жыл бұрын

    Good information.

  • @GuireGod
    @GuireGod2 жыл бұрын

    Simple and straightforward and not dragging the video for 15 minutes. Love this, very good demonstration.

  • @galadrix4528
    @galadrix45283 ай бұрын

    ULTT A (Median, Roots, & Interrosseus Nerves): 0:50 ULTT B (MAM Nerves): 1:40 ULTT C (Radial Nerve): 2:20 ULTT D (Ulnar Nerve & Roots): 3:05

  • @sawsanmohammad2472
    @sawsanmohammad24724 жыл бұрын

    how proud my supervisor would be after he asked me to search for this. thank you ♥

  • @abikurian2668
    @abikurian26683 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for making these videos, it's indeed helpful. Helping me save time and study.

  • @LucaBonato
    @LucaBonato7 жыл бұрын

    better than the previous. very helpful for a physio student like me. thank you for the videos

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    +luca bonato yeah we think so too! Thanks for your comment

  • @DrMustafaArk
    @DrMustafaArk3 жыл бұрын

    for hours i was trying to imagine ULTT by reading. this video has been so helpful, thx a lot.

  • @carlinesimeon9440

    @carlinesimeon9440

    3 жыл бұрын

    Amen, same here !

  • @samwinter5522
    @samwinter55225 жыл бұрын

    ULTT A: 0.54 - Median Nerve - Anterior interrossesus nerve - C5 - C7 UTTL C: Radial nerve 2:24 Contralteral neck flexion 1. Depress shoulder girdle with hip 2.Abduct arm to 90 degrees 3, Pronate the arm 3. Internally rotate 4. Flex fingers 5. Flex wrist 6. Abduct arm . ULTT 4: Ulnar nerve C8-T1 3:02 1. Depress shoulder 2. Bring arms into 90 degrees abduction 3. Pronate forearm 4. Laterally rotate shoulder Extend the wrist Extend the fingers Flex eblow

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the timestamps!

  • @samwinter5522

    @samwinter5522

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@Physiotutors Pleasure, and an honour to receive a reply from you guys- you have taught me a lot!

  • @kripazatakia1290
    @kripazatakia12905 жыл бұрын

    So precisely explained... Always very helpful to revise before the practical exams.. Keep Sharing the physiotherapeutic skills..great work

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    We certainly will Kripa! Thanks for the compliment!

  • @Erivu-rg7sj
    @Erivu-rg7sj6 ай бұрын

    well said, very understandable than reading a book

  • @anvitatelang6780
    @anvitatelang67805 жыл бұрын

    very helpful sir im watching your videos before my practical exams .

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Glad you enjoy them and thanks for subscribing 👍🏼

  • @FysioTutor
    @FysioTutor2 ай бұрын

    After 7 years and it's still relevant and likely the best video out there. Thanks guys! Wish me luck for the physical therapy practical exam.

  • @noranstump1666

    @noranstump1666

    2 ай бұрын

    Good luck 🤞🏻

  • @mdmobarakhossain1113
    @mdmobarakhossain11136 жыл бұрын

    very easy and informative, helpful

  • @singgihnugroho7575
    @singgihnugroho75753 жыл бұрын

    Thanks you somuch for this video..

  • @intriguedphysio9551
    @intriguedphysio9551 Жыл бұрын

    It's very informative and helpful too sir thanks a lot for uploading.

  • @alicetrombley2558
    @alicetrombley255820 күн бұрын

    Thank you

  • @avoid000
    @avoid0004 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for this video!! Very clear and informative :)

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks Jesse appreciate it!

  • @UzairKhan-wo6du
    @UzairKhan-wo6du2 жыл бұрын

    Very well explained 👍

  • @RobinSingh-qk4wb
    @RobinSingh-qk4wb2 жыл бұрын

    Very nice video and easy way to describe the test

  • @jorgemiras5839
    @jorgemiras58395 жыл бұрын

    Excellent!! very clear and didactic. Thanks for sharing.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thanks Jorge, you're welcome!

  • @bernardohoyosarango2852
    @bernardohoyosarango2852 Жыл бұрын

    Excelente video. Thanks You

  • @edward8691
    @edward8691 Жыл бұрын

    I love the way you doing videos . the fact is , Physiotutors doing videos by the professional orders: Name of the test ---- purpose of the test ---- references ---- what syndromes are indicated ----- casue of the syndromes ---- how to perform the test ----- positive signs

  • @user-xp6ki4tz5b
    @user-xp6ki4tz5b5 жыл бұрын

    Rly good ones and so helpful. Thanks!!

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thanks a lot, glad to hear!

  • @bomedome8901
    @bomedome89015 ай бұрын

    Good and helpful

  • @gelojdm9214
    @gelojdm92145 жыл бұрын

    Well executed, thank you

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Happy you like our video gelo!

  • @dipumakwana3031
    @dipumakwana30313 жыл бұрын

    Thanks 😊

  • @danielbohn
    @danielbohn4 ай бұрын

    Awesome!!

  • @smullaj9367
    @smullaj93673 жыл бұрын

    thank u sir🤗

  • @carlinesimeon9440
    @carlinesimeon94403 жыл бұрын

    Great video, very clear and instructive, but you don't look to happy. Being cheerful and energetic (or just avoid being monotone ) makes videos more compelling. Thanks for sharing.

  • @maryamkhazir7556
    @maryamkhazir75562 жыл бұрын

    Thank you sir

  • @saboorahmad6180
    @saboorahmad61804 жыл бұрын

    GOD Bless you sir, you made my study easy

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    You’re welcome 😊

  • @carlinesimeon9440

    @carlinesimeon9440

    3 жыл бұрын

    Amen !

  • @areejadnan123
    @areejadnan1233 жыл бұрын

    It is very help for me thanks alott

  • @michaeladuaboagye124
    @michaeladuaboagye1243 жыл бұрын

    You guys are 👍

  • @chantellcoore7296
    @chantellcoore72962 жыл бұрын

    this was amazing ! thank you so much

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're so welcome!

  • @golrokhnazmi7030
    @golrokhnazmi70307 жыл бұрын

    Thank you The best video!

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    Glad you like it Golrokh and thanks for following!

  • @faithford6468
    @faithford64685 жыл бұрын

    I'm studying for boards and both the scorebuilders and therapy ed books say ULT4 has the forearm supinated. However, I swear I remember my professors teaching it with pronation as well.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Not in the Physiotutors Assessment Book!;) Don't see how supination would put more stretch on the n. ulnaris.

  • @katiestevenson6232

    @katiestevenson6232

    2 жыл бұрын

    I was taught it with forearm in supranational as well.

  • @stefanr00
    @stefanr005 жыл бұрын

    You guys are awesome!

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thx Stefan,glad you like our channel!

  • @swordfish5079
    @swordfish50792 жыл бұрын

    Thank you soo much :)

  • @mdbelalquraishipt3042
    @mdbelalquraishipt30426 жыл бұрын

    Very informative and helpful for exam. Preparing for exam watching your videos. Thanx a lot for making study so simple. Can you please upload videos on neural mobilisation techniques. They are very confusing....

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Hey Amigo, thanks for the compliment and happy to hear that you enjoy studying with our videos! Check out the following video from David Butler: kzread.info/dash/bejne/mZh_zsayiMrRl9Y.html

  • @shellyrgarcia2205
    @shellyrgarcia22056 жыл бұрын

    Sounds like Arnold Schwarzenegger THANK YOU so much for this video! Helpful

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Not the first time we hear this haha! No worries!

  • @physiotherapistpaulina9340
    @physiotherapistpaulina93404 жыл бұрын

    I like how you indicate what structures are being stressed, and how easy it is to view and follow the steps. I also appreciate that you have reviewed the tests in the literature. Well done. Can you use these tests as "stretches" if you did not feel there were red flags, but simply some tension in the neural tissues?

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    We have a video on upper limb neurodynamics that will answer your question

  • @fatemeheslami8521
    @fatemeheslami85216 жыл бұрын

    Thanks a lot .it was very helpful⚘

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Ur welcome Fatemeh!

  • @ronitbhar2647
    @ronitbhar26477 жыл бұрын

    Very useful video for a physician

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    Glad to hear Ronit! Thx

  • @afnanmohammed1661
    @afnanmohammed16617 жыл бұрын

    thanks a lot for the video

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    +Afnan Mohammed you're welcome !

  • @sarthpawar6476
    @sarthpawar64762 жыл бұрын

    Very well explained..keep making such videos 💯

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks a lot 😊

  • @saradiazblanco
    @saradiazblanco Жыл бұрын

    @physiotutors What is the difference between ULTT3/C and the Mills Test for the elbow?

  • @dwideviasmr9591
    @dwideviasmr95913 жыл бұрын

    Terimakasih

  • @mhaawyibra4476
    @mhaawyibra44765 жыл бұрын

    thank you SM

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Ur welcome mhawi!

  • @apheliachiayinna7619
    @apheliachiayinna76197 жыл бұрын

    good video,easy to understand 👍👍👍

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    +Yn Ac glad you like it! Really important to be able to accurately perform these tests!

  • @fisionalhugorocha7227
    @fisionalhugorocha72277 жыл бұрын

    Muito obrigado! Thanks a lot from Brazil

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    De nada! You're welcome!

  • @aakankshapednekar2976
    @aakankshapednekar29766 жыл бұрын

    Very helpful

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Thanks!

  • @33eoz
    @33eoz2 жыл бұрын

    Really good video, but just one question: in the ULTT C you write c8-T1 - buch cervical spine only goes to c7 right?

  • @matlhogonologaogakwe8682
    @matlhogonologaogakwe86825 жыл бұрын

    This awesome...I manage to pass my manual therapy exams

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thanks! and congratulations on your MT exam!

  • @pensadoraapocaliptica4184
    @pensadoraapocaliptica41844 жыл бұрын

    Hu Guys as always so grateful with all your videos, does someone knows for how long the client should hold the position?

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    There’s no time cutoff You’re checking for side by side differences or a marked decrease of mobility of >10 degrees

  • @masoumehravari2919
    @masoumehravari29194 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for the very helpful videos. I'm a big fan. For ULTT4, is the forearm supinated or pronated? Just wondering...

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for your comment The forearm is pronated

  • @LeslieMartinezA
    @LeslieMartinezA11 ай бұрын

    What doctor or healthcare provider should I see for this testing?

  • @harshuvocals1290
    @harshuvocals12904 жыл бұрын

    Sir...very super...and very useful vedio sir

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    Happy to hear Harshini! Appreciate it!

  • @stuartwalker7168
    @stuartwalker71683 жыл бұрын

    I know the upper limb tension test is for a Cervical Test . Could it be used has a mobility technique for a shoulder injury? Thank you for the brilliant videos.

  • @VinylUnboxings

    @VinylUnboxings

    Жыл бұрын

    Wouldn’t really make sense to do but I’m theory it could be done

  • @maccox9382
    @maccox93824 жыл бұрын

    thank you for getting me through my lab checkouts lol

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    You’re welcome 😊

  • @carlinesimeon9440

    @carlinesimeon9440

    3 жыл бұрын

    Amen!

  • @dianeka7616
    @dianeka76167 жыл бұрын

    very very very helpul 👍👏👏

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    +Dian Eka glad you like it and thx for subscribing Dian!

  • @dianeka7616

    @dianeka7616

    7 жыл бұрын

    Physiotutors yes, ur welcome 😊😊

  • @suraal-hawajri3350
    @suraal-hawajri33504 жыл бұрын

    Thank u

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ur welcome

  • @Real_potato
    @Real_potato2 жыл бұрын

    I love you so much^^

  • @annaraylie8149
    @annaraylie81495 ай бұрын

    Severe increase of symptoms and hand, fingers turning blue. What can the discoloration indicate?

  • @purusaxena397
    @purusaxena3976 жыл бұрын

    Sir plz make a video on LLTT

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    There is no lower limb tension test. Those tests are basically the SLR and the Slump test.

  • @BrianaSade93
    @BrianaSade935 жыл бұрын

    Can the ULTT4 also be performed with forearm supination? The Therapy ED review book notes that its forearms supination but when I perform the test I feel more neural tension in pronation as shown.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Pronation leads to maximal tension

  • @jonassunden9382
    @jonassunden93826 жыл бұрын

    Was abit hard to find this test in your list of uploaded tests, since it didn't have any neuro tags....

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Why not search ULTT directly?

  • @jonassunden9382

    @jonassunden9382

    6 жыл бұрын

    i had gotten abit used to searching by having to spell out the tests, or using umbrella terms like neuro when searching for neurological tests. not all channels are as good as you are at using shortenings. as said, it was harder, not impossible. i would have liked a neuro tag, but it simply took me a bit of extra time to find it this way. still, great video, and thanks for uploading.

  • @johnrichardson6707
    @johnrichardson67077 ай бұрын

    If no symptoms are provoked, will this then mean that a cervical radiculopathy is not the issue?

  • @debbiemeko472
    @debbiemeko4725 жыл бұрын

    Too good.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    thanks Debbie

  • @navisathiya9926
    @navisathiya9926 Жыл бұрын

    How much the physiotutors book sir

  • @user-be4lq7bl1m
    @user-be4lq7bl1m5 жыл бұрын

    .the best video

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    thx

  • @bishoyfa2171
    @bishoyfa21716 жыл бұрын

    For ULTT1 , UTT2 , UTT3 .. The elbow should be flexed or extended??? According to NPTE it is extended?? In general words how the neurological structure put in tensions ?? I mean in anatomical point of view?? Many thanks for your help

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    To create maximal tension in the median and radial nerve the elbow should be (fully) extended. This can be seen anatomically when you have a look at the course of the nerves. For the ulnar nerve, you can create maximal tension with elbow flexion. In our case, Andreas already felt tension before complete extension.

  • @bishoyfa2171

    @bishoyfa2171

    6 жыл бұрын

    Physiotutors Oh now I understood , I appreciate your so much care, your channel are amazing really

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Glad to hear and happy to hear you like our channel!

  • @LMLife
    @LMLife7 жыл бұрын

    Where is ULTT 2b (radial nerve)? This is what I learned in Uni ULTT 1 (median nerve/brachial plexus) ULTT 2a (median nerve) ULTT 2b (radial nerve) ULTT 3 (ulnar nerve)

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    It seems like our literature differs to what you learned in Uni regarding the naming. The radial nerve test is ULTT3 according to our literature. How it is conducted should be the same like you learned it in Uni though..

  • @alex8480

    @alex8480

    6 жыл бұрын

    It obviously correlates to what the video refers to as ULTT3.

  • @mehefe1247
    @mehefe12475 жыл бұрын

    Hi guys, Is the ULTT A test with breathe in/out, also useful for including or excluding pancoasttumor?

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    No evidence on that. Next to general red flag screening for cancer, we would rather screen for changes in the pulmonary tract (e.g. dizziness, heavy feeling on chest, out of breath, difficulties breathing, risk factors from history like smoking etc.) Signs & symptoms are different from ulnar nerve compression or T8 radiculopathy as T8-T2 nerves are affected and patients may also present with Horner's syndrome as the superior cervical ganglion can be compressed by the tumor.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Be aware of symptoms that resemble TOS. Would rather expect the ULTTD to be positive as T8-T1 are stressed the most.

  • @mehefe1247

    @mehefe1247

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@Physiotutors Thank you 👍

  • @albertninof.kotico7115
    @albertninof.kotico71156 жыл бұрын

    I am confused in ULTT 3. In my book it says SH dep and 110 degrees of ABD but yours is only 10 degrees. I’m confused. Please explain thank you.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Maybe they took a different order, but officially ULTT3 is designed to stress the radial nerve which does not come under maximal tension in 10° of abduction. Have a look at this paper: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402638

  • @albertninof.kotico7115

    @albertninof.kotico7115

    6 жыл бұрын

    noted. thank you.

  • @Kikotingin
    @Kikotingin6 жыл бұрын

    Hey guys, do you use Magee as reference as well?

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Yes, it's a book we used a lot during our Bachelor's degree and we still use it from time to time. We prefer to use research papers if they are available though.

  • @manisharani5683
    @manisharani56836 жыл бұрын

    How do you remember all these test ?? Any trick or method to remember the name of tests

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Haha, best get our app!;) Trick is to do them a lot, but we also don't know all of them by heart even though we filmed them ourselves!

  • @prophysiotherapy9994
    @prophysiotherapy99947 жыл бұрын

    what's the song from the intro? I'm hooked lol

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    It's a sting from the KZread creators library

  • @dr.saran_physio
    @dr.saran_physio3 жыл бұрын

    Sir my question is if ulnar nerve is postive then what should be the intervention?

  • @harmie38

    @harmie38

    3 жыл бұрын

    You can consider flossing the ulnar nerve in order to relieve pain symptoms

  • @siavashforootan1126
    @siavashforootan11265 жыл бұрын

    Is it not supposed to be supination of forearm in ULTT 4? I think you did it in pronation

  • @debbiemeko472

    @debbiemeko472

    5 жыл бұрын

    Pronation is correct, before bringing the fingers towards the ear. It won't be possible to reproduce symptoms when supinating forearm. I think you're confusing the tested limb position of ULLT 1 for ULTT 4.

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Pronation, had other people commenting that their textbooks show supination, but that doesn't add maximal stress on the ulnar nerve.

  • @shaibyannacherian2877
    @shaibyannacherian28777 жыл бұрын

    In upper limb tension test 2 and 3 patient position can be diagonally

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    +shaiby anna cherian Sure why not!

  • @shaibyannacherian2877

    @shaibyannacherian2877

    7 жыл бұрын

    Why there is two tests for Median nerve? And why Axillary nerve is tested along with median nerve?

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    7 жыл бұрын

    +shaiby anna cherian this is how nerve differentiation is described by Butler. you have to realize that certain positions put stress on several branches/peripheral nerves. that's also the reason why these tests are highly sensitive but not specific.

  • @foodietoodiegwl
    @foodietoodiegwl4 жыл бұрын

    Here is my question .. Wht dffrnce we made while using ultt as diagnosis nd while treatment.? Like i really dnt understand so hlp me out

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    4 жыл бұрын

    As a diagnostic test it's used as a provocation test so maximal stretch. As treatment you'll have to adapt it in form of sliders and tensioners so your patient is able to tolerate it. Have a look at out video where we explain the sliders and tensions for the upper limb.

  • @rockinshanel
    @rockinshanel6 жыл бұрын

    Waiting for LLTT. 😬

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    Have a look at the Straight Leg Raise test and the Slump Test. They are basically the tension tests for the LL.

  • @jankasprowicz3663
    @jankasprowicz366319 күн бұрын

    Shouldn't the thumb be abducted?

  • @meller13
    @meller132 жыл бұрын

    ULTT C Radial nerve is missing some text

  • @triyakamila7853
    @triyakamila78535 жыл бұрын

    Subtitle indonesia please

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    5 жыл бұрын

    Feel free to help us adding subtitles --> Check the description down below on how to do that!

  • @user-gv1ws5bh1l
    @user-gv1ws5bh1l6 жыл бұрын

    This test for assessment only or for treatment??

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    6 жыл бұрын

    They can be used as both actually. We have made a video on nerve glides and tensioners which you can watch here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eKqTp6yPaNSYdZM.html

  • @user-gv1ws5bh1l

    @user-gv1ws5bh1l

    6 жыл бұрын

    Thanks alot

  • @ishaankapoor5716
    @ishaankapoor57163 жыл бұрын

    The Model looks so much like Jonny sinns :p

  • @afriandc7519
    @afriandc75195 жыл бұрын

    Mantap anying

  • @manahilmumtaz3051
    @manahilmumtaz3051 Жыл бұрын

    Why patient shows strange reaction in every ULTT test ?🤣

  • @MaxScerra
    @MaxScerra Жыл бұрын

    One mistake in the video: confused C7 with C8

  • @yousufrawashdeh2001
    @yousufrawashdeh20012 жыл бұрын

    How much money do I make?

  • @angelaregodo9030
    @angelaregodo90303 жыл бұрын

    put a finger down if your watching this video because you're a student who doesn't want to disappoint their parents :'

  • @Physiotutors

    @Physiotutors

    3 жыл бұрын

    👇🏼

  • @Libo21
    @Libo214 жыл бұрын

    The patient's legs were crossed and this makes the test wrongly performed