4.1 IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes | Organic Chemistry

Chad provides an introduction to IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds with a lesson on the IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes and cycloalkanes. He shows all of the rules for naming alkanes which will serve as a set of rules for nomenclature of organic compounds in general and the foundation for basic nomenclature in organic chemistry that we will build upon all year long. In this lesson you will learn how to apply all of the following rules of nomenclature for organic compounds:
1. How to identify the longest continuous carbon chain (i.e. the parent chain).
2. How to number the carbons in the parent chain starting on the end closest to the first substituent. (And what to do when there is a tie.)
3. How to identify the substituents attached to the parent chain (methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.).
4. How to list substituents in alphabetical order and add a numerical prefix when there is more than one as well as appropriate numerical chain locators.
5. How the name of the parent chain follows the listing of all substituents.
Chad works out several nomenclature practice questions for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes. The nomenclature examples are selected so that every nuance of the rules students are likely to encounter as undergraduates is covered.
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, and practice exams, check out my premium course at www.chadsprep.com/organic-che...
00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:58 Naming Simple Alkanes Example #1
08:12 Naming Alkanes When Identifying the Longest Chain is Tricky
12:40 Naming Alkanes When Identifying the Longest Chain is Really Tricky
18:03 Naming Alkanes Example When Numbering the Longest Chain is Tricky
20:00 Naming Alkanes Example When Numbering the Longest Chain is Alphabetical
22:32 Naming Cycloalkanes with 1 Substituent
26:25 Naming Cycloalkanes with 2 Substituents
28:02 Naming Cycloalkanes with 3 Substituents
31:26 Naming Cycloalkanes When the Ring is a Substituent, not the Parent Chain
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  • @Sarahsjourney22
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    2 жыл бұрын

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    Жыл бұрын

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    Ай бұрын

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  • @ChadsPrep

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    8 ай бұрын

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    @fazalahmed68203 жыл бұрын

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  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    3 жыл бұрын

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    4 ай бұрын

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    @user-si3qb5uk2x9 ай бұрын

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    @veronicajakubikova68752 жыл бұрын

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  • @tonyg5433

    @tonyg5433

    2 жыл бұрын

    I would recommend mastering the fundamentals. That is isomers, resonance, hybridization, and Bronsted Acids/Bases. The most USEFUL thing you could do is get comfortable drawing bond-line/skeletal structures. Hope this helps.

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  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    9 ай бұрын

    Very welcome

  • @jedelande
    @jedelande2 жыл бұрын

    I use "Missy Elliott Paints Beautiful Portraits, Her Husband Oscar Never Does" to remember the prefixes.

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    2 жыл бұрын

    Good job, Jedelande - Whatever works!

  • @wowmanjaro
    @wowmanjaro3 жыл бұрын

    So with saying "chlorocyclohexane" its understood that chloro is in the #1 carbon spot. For the second example can we not say "2-methyl chlorocyclohexane" since the chloro would have to be at the #1 spot? And so on "4-bromo-2-methyl chlorocyclohexane"? Thanks!!

  • @wowmanjaro

    @wowmanjaro

    3 жыл бұрын

    I typed "2-methyl-chlorocyclohexane" into some IUPAC programs and it successfully brought up the same structure.

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    3 жыл бұрын

    Hey Joshua! I saw 1 professor accept such a name over a decade ago so I decided to do a little digging before answering. Unfortunately, my digging wasn't very fruitful. I'll start by saying that many organic compounds go by multiple names. Some are historical and some are the IUPAC systematic names. And sometimes IUPAC adopts common historical names as being proper!! And sometimes there are even multiple acceptable IUPAC systematic names (substituted benzenes come to mind). But even when this is the case there is a "preferred IUPAC name" or PIN. 2-methyl-1-chlorocyclohexane is the PIN in this case and I had trouble finding a specific IUPAC rule for a disubstituted cycloalkane that would even identify if leaving out the 1 is acceptable. So not helpful here, sorry. The exception to this that you'll learn later is if 1 of the two substituents is named as part of the parent chain then it will be at position 1 by default and the #1 is omitted from the name. 2-methylcyclohexanol for instance. Since the alcohol is named as part of the parent chain it has the priority and on a cyclic structure would be at position #1 by default and so it is omitted from the name. Hope this helps at least a little! Happy Studying!

  • @upleo-bj5dl
    @upleo-bj5dl Жыл бұрын

    Hi, could you help me explain how some subsitutants are called propan-2-yl or butan-2-yl?

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    Жыл бұрын

    These are alternative ways to name complex substituents...and I haven't seen them used much. Propan-2-yl is the same thing as an isopropyl group (common name) or 1-methylethyl group (systematic name). The '2' in propan-2-yl indicates that this substituent is 3 carbon substituent but is attached to the rest of the molecule via the 2nd carbon. You'll see such names used more commonly with certain functional groups like esters for example. So you might have 1-methylethyl butanoate a.k.a. isopropyl butanoate but which could also be called propan-2-yl butanoate. Similarly, butan-2-yl is the same thing as sec-butyl (common name) or 1-methylpropyl. It is a 4-carbon substituent that is attached to the rest of the molecule via the 2nd carbon. Hope this helps!

  • @upleo-bj5dl

    @upleo-bj5dl

    Жыл бұрын

    @@ChadsPrep Ah, that clears up everything. My teacher for the course (SCH4U - Ontario Grade 12 Chemistry) has mandated us to use the more IUPAC accurate name than the before IUPAC name. I've been stuck at this for a week but I couldn't stop thinking about this! Thank you - you are an amazing explainer

  • @mup1537
    @mup15373 жыл бұрын

    Why do we add the 1-chloro to 1-chloro-2methylcyclohexane? Why isn’t it just chloro like the example before?

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    3 жыл бұрын

    With only 1 substituent it would have to be at position 1. But with multiple substituents it gets confusing. But I did see one professor on one occasion over a decade ago allowing students to do exactly as you suggest. But I haven't seen it again. I actually invested some time earlier this year to answer this exact question. I looked up the IUPAC rules themselves (instead of a textbook's version of them) and couldn't find it addressed specifically, so I'm going to keep teaching it as presented in all the major textbooks with which I'm familiar. Happy studying!🙂

  • @mup1537

    @mup1537

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ChadsPrep Thank you Chad. My gf had you as a TA so it's been very helpful using your videos in advance of taking the course where I am.

  • @DimChordsRFire
    @DimChordsRFire3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you.

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    3 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome, Dim!

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    @razanesmael8 ай бұрын

    Chad when you finish writing on the board, if you could please stand a little closer to the door, so that we can take a screenshot of the board

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    8 ай бұрын

    Thanks for the suggestion - Happy Studying!

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    @erajkhan4489 ай бұрын

    👍

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    9 ай бұрын

    :)

  • @susantori6625
    @susantori66255 ай бұрын

    12:43 instead of saying 3-ethyl-2-methylheptane, why can't it be 3-isopropylheptane? That seems easier

  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    5 ай бұрын

    Hey Susan! If you look up those 2 compounds they are actually different. 3-isopropylheptane has an isopropyl group at carbon 3 rather than an ethyl group and is missing the methyl group at C2. Hope that helps!

  • @phillisphiri5434
    @phillisphiri5434 Жыл бұрын

    Can you do chromatography

  • @aminebrahimi970
    @aminebrahimi97020 күн бұрын

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  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    20 күн бұрын

    :-p

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    @user-si3qb5uk2x9 ай бұрын

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    @Ireadabook8 ай бұрын

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  • @ChadsPrep

    @ChadsPrep

    8 ай бұрын

    Me eat peanut butter - and don't you forget it! 5:38

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