27. Nuclear Materials - Radiation Damage and Effects in Matter

MIT 22.01 Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Ionizing Radiation, Fall 2016
Instructor: Michael Short
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/22-01F16
KZread Playlist: • MIT 22.01 Introduction...
Prof. Short uses all the concepts introduced thus far to introduce the study of nuclear materials and radiation damage - his field of study. The concept of ionizing radiation creating nuclear displacements, not just electron ionization, is introduced as the first event in radiation damage. The structural defects produced from these displacements are shown to cluster, move, and evolve, resulting in drastic changes to material properties. Key structural material properties and their formal definitions are introduced and demystified by watching a pair of Finnish scientists smash various items with a 50 ton hydraulic press.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at ocw.mit.edu

Пікірлер: 102

  • @mitocw
    @mitocw3 жыл бұрын

    To report potential content errors, please use this form: forms.gle/8B2zcUvfCtgJdTdE7

  • @Mst3000113
    @Mst30001132 жыл бұрын

    I took this course in engineering school 30 years ago. Wish I had such a good instructor back then as I have now watching this video. You can't put a price on a great teacher.

  • @jordanweimer788

    @jordanweimer788

    2 жыл бұрын

    KZread ftw

  • @supermanwhereareyounow3081
    @supermanwhereareyounow30812 жыл бұрын

    No wonder it is one of the best institution in the world....all the lecturers are great...their enthusiasm is infectious....I hope my daughter is able to attend MIT....

  • @Radiologicalmcqs

    @Radiologicalmcqs

    Жыл бұрын

    kzread.info/dash/bejne/aqWqo5iCn8jJlrg.html

  • @johnbutz9200

    @johnbutz9200

    Жыл бұрын

    I agree 100%

  • @jona.scholt4362
    @jona.scholt43622 жыл бұрын

    I've been watching this series of lectures and am loving it. Free lectures like this are KZread at it's best.

  • @sideshowbob1544
    @sideshowbob15442 жыл бұрын

    The hydraulic press channel should be required watching for all materials science students!

  • @justinbellotti7838
    @justinbellotti783810 ай бұрын

    With the diamond. Their hardness is based on stress against the grain. So when one shatters like that it is more of a cleaving along the grain lines. That's also why it takes a pro to cut jewelry diamonds competently. I love these videos.

  • @FLnative13thGen
    @FLnative13thGen2 жыл бұрын

    Marveling at my ability to retain all this gibberish, great instructor.

  • @dangerous8333

    @dangerous8333

    2 жыл бұрын

    If you remember it after a week, that's not retaining it. If you remember majority of it after a year, I'll listen.

  • @kerryevans7283
    @kerryevans72833 жыл бұрын

    I am really enjoying these lectures. Thank you.

  • @electronicjo1

    @electronicjo1

    2 жыл бұрын

    you're welcome

  • @chadr2604
    @chadr2604 Жыл бұрын

    You can do an easy experiment at the gym to experience elastic deformation. Put 3 45s on each side of the bar then press it on the flat you will notice you have to elastically deform the bar before it moves. Put another 25 on each side it deforms even more. Take the 25s off and put another 45 and a 25 on each side the bar flexes quite a lot over an inch. The effect is not linear the bar is very stiff until you get around 405 lbs then it starts flexing like soft plastic

  • @johnolson7430
    @johnolson74305 ай бұрын

    Too old to go back now, but wish i would have been able to take this class and learn something from this man . He is an outstanding teacher.

  • @grimlock1471

    @grimlock1471

    Ай бұрын

    I had an awesome lab partner in digital electronics. He was a retiree who noticed my college let seniors audit courses for peanuts.

  • @surveysays8335
    @surveysays83352 жыл бұрын

    It's interesting to find out what "work hardening" is. I work with work hardening materials often, and I didn't realize it was due to the stacking effect of dislocations.

  • @taraswertelecki3786

    @taraswertelecki3786

    2 жыл бұрын

    A classic example of that is what happens when brass cartridge cases for ammunition are reloaded. Eventually, the brass becomes brittle, and cracks.

  • @cappypyramsaudpate5535
    @cappypyramsaudpate55353 жыл бұрын

    by the way, lead self anneals at room temperature which allows it to be ductile no matter how much deformation it undergoes.

  • @Nick-xm1ux

    @Nick-xm1ux

    3 жыл бұрын

    That's cool

  • @trespire

    @trespire

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Nick-xm1ux I saw what you did there !!

  • @Nick-xm1ux

    @Nick-xm1ux

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@trespire 😉

  • @RiDankulous
    @RiDankulous2 жыл бұрын

    This is a super course, thank you! Concerning toughness, durability and strength, there are different word usages but of course for the materials science definitions they could be misunderstood by lay persons. However, if I was discussing the characteristics in terms of the resilience of a material or item, I would learn the materials science definitions very carefully so I'd be on the same page as person speaking about it. I wondered about deformation in reactor components causing some sort of failure. For example, the pebble bed reactor seems to assume there will not be deformations. I wonder if the spheres can deform to the point where they don't slide down anymore; they get stuck. There was a reactor in Idaho that had a problem. They couldn't remove a control rod and said it is likely that it was stuck and then got unstuck with hard pulling and pulled it out way way too far, causing the death of 3 people. That sticking I wonder if had to do with deformation of an item due to design flaw or manufacturing problem.

  • @taraswertelecki3786

    @taraswertelecki3786

    2 жыл бұрын

    If memory serves, that was the infamous SL-1 accident.

  • @alpacatwoniner2370
    @alpacatwoniner23703 жыл бұрын

    if you create too many subspace voids a portal will open and Species 8472 will invade normal space

  • @CommissionerSleer

    @CommissionerSleer

    2 жыл бұрын

    Even if you invert the phase and reverse the tachyon flow? Asking for a friend.

  • @wanderinghistorian

    @wanderinghistorian

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@CommissionerSleer Hear me out. If we can reconfigure the deflector dish, we can use it to reverse the polarity of the subspace void so that it collapses on itself. Like letting the air out of a balloon!

  • @kirkyorg7654

    @kirkyorg7654

    2 жыл бұрын

    yes and thanks to Janeway and crew we know that's bad lol good one !

  • @SomeRandomPerson163
    @SomeRandomPerson1632 жыл бұрын

    I think one importand thing was not mentioned. Difference between true stress/strain curve and curve from test machine. It explaining strange decreasing on curve in last part.

  • @DDDelgado
    @DDDelgado5 ай бұрын

    I have enjoyed the lectures thus far, a few to finish the whole

  • @MarriageArezou1
    @MarriageArezou13 жыл бұрын

    Great lecture. Thank you very much for sharing it.

  • @Radiologicalmcqs

    @Radiologicalmcqs

    Жыл бұрын

    kzread.info/dash/bejne/aqWqo5iCn8jJlrg.html

  • @HotPinkst17
    @HotPinkst172 жыл бұрын

    Since the radiation at the continually leaking meltdown at Fukushima is so intense robots' materials are destroyed by the radiation before the nuclear waste can be contained, if the robots had a constantly flowing foam of radiation absorbing or refracting fluid spraying all over them, could it protect the robots long enough to clear the Fukushima nuclear waste? What would you make the fluid foam out of to protect the equipment enough to successfully proceed with decontamination?

  • @patinthechat6452
    @patinthechat6452 Жыл бұрын

    This is the first time I have heard of material swelling due to radiation damage on the order of 20-30% is freaking nuts to me.

  • @HimothyMcVeigh
    @HimothyMcVeigh10 ай бұрын

    25:41 the sneeze

  • @kirkyorg7654
    @kirkyorg76542 жыл бұрын

    what a great teacher this guy is amazing if an old "wood manipulating engineer" lol like me can kind of understand what this guy is saying students are lucky to have this guy after a couple of hours of watching his lectures i realize i am smarter than i thought lmao who knew?!!!!

  • @dangerous8333

    @dangerous8333

    2 жыл бұрын

    If you're really an engineer, why would you even think this would be hard to understand?

  • @Sevem7m

    @Sevem7m

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@dangerous8333 I think that might be a fancy way of saying carpenter lol, but im not sure

  • @andrewkelley9405
    @andrewkelley9405 Жыл бұрын

    Ah, I finally understand why this stuff is so dangerous.

  • @jazzatar
    @jazzatar Жыл бұрын

    I can't help but picture this incredible instructor as Buster Bluth from an alternate timeline.

  • @PBeringer

    @PBeringer

    Жыл бұрын

    So THAT's who he looks like! It was killing me. But now I feel terrible ...

  • @jdubs2171
    @jdubs21712 жыл бұрын

    This is awesome! Feed my Brain!

  • @chadr2604
    @chadr2604 Жыл бұрын

    It looks like they could build a reactor where the coolant is hotter than the fuel. Run it way beyond critical for a fraction of a second the neutrons heat the coolant then quench it. Wouldn't fast neutrons have a temperature of 10,000-15,000°F at least? It looks like you could get better use of the fuel the hotter it is. You could extract juice by MHD then drive a turbine then use the leftover heat to run a steam turbine.

  • @argilbertson
    @argilbertson2 жыл бұрын

    The section showcasing the hydraulic press and the CO2 canister puts me in mind of watching manufacturers make spherical metal containers using shockwaves

  • @drewendly89
    @drewendly89 Жыл бұрын

    Hydraulic presses and Chernobyl. Thank you mother Russia for all the valuable learning lessons.

  • @stanleykubik9823
    @stanleykubik98232 жыл бұрын

    Thank you

  • @RiDankulous
    @RiDankulous2 жыл бұрын

    Michael Short is pretty cool dude. I wonder what he's up to now? He seems personable and might go far in a leadership position.

  • @AlChemicalLife

    @AlChemicalLife

    Жыл бұрын

    He's still an instructor at MIT and running research on measuring nuclear material without damage or contact via TGS .

  • @AlChemicalLife

    @AlChemicalLife

    Жыл бұрын

    actually , He and the Research group just published a paper this year "Swelling resistance of an austenitic stainless steel with uniformly distributed nanosized NbC precipitates under heavy ion irradiation."

  • @dalejr183
    @dalejr1839 ай бұрын

    29 mins that’s a shock. In the 80’s 90’s when I was in school as far as I was told there was nothing that could see Atoms. When did this change?

  • @Ken-no5ip
    @Ken-no5ip2 жыл бұрын

    Im a first year nuclear engineering student and im just interested in seeing what ill be learning later on

  • @harrywhittaker7563
    @harrywhittaker7563 Жыл бұрын

    27:00 Holy crap that is so goddamn cool, atoms on the move! I'm also interested in that little line scooting back and forth to the right of the loop, is that a slip bouncing about?

  • @harrywhittaker7563
    @harrywhittaker756324 күн бұрын

    I have a sample for nuclear activation analysis, allegedly it's a piece of Trinitite, but it'll be cool to see if any Plutonium can be detected

  • @trespire
    @trespire2 жыл бұрын

    The video at 27min in is amazing.

  • @buzzfiend
    @buzzfiend2 жыл бұрын

    Low key dancing through the Commonwealth with this on my radio 👀

  • @dangerous8333

    @dangerous8333

    2 жыл бұрын

    Haha! Me too! Chilling at the Castle at the moment.

  • @buzzfiend

    @buzzfiend

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@dangerous8333 HAVE YOUR TEA BACK, YOU JACKANAPES

  • @Perforu
    @Perforu Жыл бұрын

    Hi! I was wondering if you'd have a solution to build upon this awesome effect - would there be a way to control the "smoke" color without the black background to keep the transparency and assuming the source material we use for the effect is not white? So would there be a way to control JUST the colors of the smoke and the color to which it fades?

  • @andrewmaxfield5873
    @andrewmaxfield58732 жыл бұрын

    Did my dude actually say ... "Unless you go to zero Kelvin for infinite time"? Hahaha - that's some stasis that I'd never like to experience - ufff

  • @meddylad
    @meddylad6 ай бұрын

    The aluminium compression test is not on its own a measure of its properties..... take into consideration the different ways it can be deformed (pulled, compressed, twisted) and other environmental factors such as surrounding elements, temperature etc

  • @Bond-dy6cb
    @Bond-dy6cb18 күн бұрын

    Fabulous instruction; really enjoying it. My father worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratories for over 40 years. We would have so many wonderful discussions on the subject. Thanks so much for the big share.

  • @davidwright5719
    @davidwright57192 жыл бұрын

    Why are stress-strain curves drawn with this orientation? Strain would intuitively be the dependent variable, thus naturally on the vertical axis.

  • @alihouadef5539
    @alihouadef55392 жыл бұрын

    25:42 lol

  • @consonaadversapars

    @consonaadversapars

    2 жыл бұрын

    the cutest sneeze

  • @GroundGame.
    @GroundGame.2 жыл бұрын

    Here from Chernobyl series. Anyone else too? It's only 3.6 . . .

  • @normlor
    @normlor3 ай бұрын

    I HAVE A QUESTION ON EMPS, WE ALL KNOW THAT ALL ELECTRONICS ARE FREID FOREVER, BUT WHAT OF COMPONENTS BY THE BILLIONS SITTING IN FACTORIES. WHY HAS NO ONE THOUGHT OF BUILDING NEW ONES FROM THESE. NOT ONLY THIS BUT BURY THE SAME AMOUNT IN CONTAINERS UNDER THE SEA OR DEEP LAKES WITH LEAD SHEETING TO PROTECT THEM???

  • @CrimLawGeek
    @CrimLawGeek2 жыл бұрын

    They need to do this at 9am?! Oh hell no!!!!

  • @harrywhittaker7563
    @harrywhittaker75632 жыл бұрын

    My nuclear activation analysis sample would be a lump of Ruthenium so I can add Technetium to my element collection

  • @ThreatFromAbovee
    @ThreatFromAbovee2 жыл бұрын

    Im taking this course without paying 150.000 dollars fight me

  • @DDDelgado
    @DDDelgado5 ай бұрын

    Please check or Recearch Gale my question/proposal on "Reactor Neutrinos detection with Graphene?"

  • @casedup
    @casedup6 ай бұрын

    Great lecturer and material. Suddenly struck me that he looks like Mark Zuckerberg's father.

  • @annettes5866
    @annettes58664 жыл бұрын

    Wow there are no comments..must be too many un knowledgable very interesting lesson...

  • @haruhi3728
    @haruhi37284 жыл бұрын

    i'm here cuz of chernobyl series

  • @darcyh1241

    @darcyh1241

    4 жыл бұрын

    MIT Open Courseware has quite a few interesting videos on nuclear topics. Also see videos with Matthew Bunn.

  • @marcusalexander7088

    @marcusalexander7088

    3 жыл бұрын

    Same. This fellow explains VERY well!

  • @DSkehan2004
    @DSkehan20042 жыл бұрын

    Has compound 27-4 been used to neutralize radiation used in chernobyl?

  • @alex-dn9to
    @alex-dn9to2 жыл бұрын

    he thought he was going to get us with the plastically disform.. wouldnt all materials undergo this process if pure heat is added or the force is applied evenly

  • @bconigliaro
    @bconigliaro2 жыл бұрын

    It's fun to crush things.

  • @beekeeper6063
    @beekeeper606311 ай бұрын

    Why did the military not teach us this...

  • @forheuristiclifeksh7836
    @forheuristiclifeksh78367 ай бұрын

    6:48

  • @forheuristiclifeksh7836
    @forheuristiclifeksh78367 ай бұрын

    1:40

  • @asitriresearch
    @asitriresearch2 жыл бұрын

    Sidney?

  • @dangerous8333

    @dangerous8333

    2 жыл бұрын

    Sheila?

  • @annettes5866
    @annettes58664 жыл бұрын

    much larger cell and not quite equal in size ...

  • @andrewmaxfield5873
    @andrewmaxfield58732 жыл бұрын

    Also - I'm going to the bank tomorrow to grab some 1 Yen coins ...

  • @TaylorDelRey
    @TaylorDelRey2 жыл бұрын

    Radiation is dangerous? Fuck.

  • @jamesstirling3792
    @jamesstirling3792 Жыл бұрын

    😅😅😅😅😅😅

  • @bartheldresch9999
    @bartheldresch99992 жыл бұрын

    The giddy pantry genomically measure because scissors ethnically cheer in a abject downtown. capricious, adamant development

  • @andrewferguson6901

    @andrewferguson6901

    2 жыл бұрын

    not quite

  • @webbster1014

    @webbster1014

    2 жыл бұрын

    In English please

  • @trespire

    @trespire

    2 жыл бұрын

    In Elgrish prease.

  • @robertzehrung9281
    @robertzehrung9281 Жыл бұрын

    Poor lecture.

  • @wld-ph
    @wld-ph Жыл бұрын

    What about Foamed.Lead for near-field shielding