2-Minute Neuroscience: Epilepsy

Ғылым және технология

Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures are characterized by excessive neural activity, which is caused by both increased action potential firing rates and increased synchronous firing (i.e. many neurons fire action potentials at the same time). When seizures originate in one area of the brain, they are known as focal seizures. Alternatively, when seizure activity occurs in widespread areas of the brain all at once, it is referred to as a generalized seizure. In this video I discuss these types of seizures and the abnormal brain activity that is associated with them.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a chronic condition that is characterized by recurrent seizures; seizures are temporary disruptions of normal brain activity caused by excessive neural activity. Epilepsy can have genetic and acquired causes, but in most cases the cause is not known. Seizures can look drastically different depending on the patient, ranging from a brief and subtle interruption in consciousness to violent convulsions.
One characteristic seizures have in common, however, is excessive neural activity. In a healthy brain, different groups of neurons are all firing action potentials at different times. During a seizure, however, firing rates are increased and groups of neurons all fire at the same time, leading to large spikes in neural activity.
In seizures called focal seizures, this excessive activity begins in one specific area of the brain called the seizure focus, but it can also propagate to other areas of the brain. Neurons that are in the seizure focus experience a large and long-lasting depolarization followed by the firing of a train of action potentials. This abnormal activity is referred to as a paroxysmal depolarizing shift. The unusual activity is normally confined to the area it originated in, but during a seizure it can spread due to the failure of inhibitory mechanisms, leading to widespread abnormalities in brain function.
In seizures called generalized seizures, excessive activity seems to arise in widespread areas of the brain all at once. Although the mechanisms underlying this are not fully understood, generalized seizures may involve a pervasive hyperexcitability of neurons throughout the cortex along with abnormalities in neural networks that connect the thalamus to the cortex.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.

Пікірлер: 51

  • @iris1568
    @iris15682 жыл бұрын

    Good to see this channel makes all sorts of chronic neuro diseases or development issues information videos. Also can you do a video about Acquired Brain Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury? Living with epilepsy sure is a hellish thing to go through. Got it since a fall down the stairs at age of 2,5 years old. At 5 or 6 I started seeing aura's and thought it was just spots you see when looking into bright lights.. At age 12 I started having convulsion seizures during the summer times and that got me to a doctor. Yeara of medication did good but not enough. Basically I had 8 to 9 noticeable aura seizures a day, but all kinds of unnoticed seizures happening all day long without knowing it. So I basically had seizures 24/7 which explained my chronic exhaustion and headaches. When I was 19 they found that out during a test week where a special EEG pack was placed on my brain to find the true trigger cause. I had almost no noticeable attacks that whole week (but they did pick up all the unnoticeable ones for me that went on 24/7) until the night before surgery where I had the most heaviest convulsive attack in my life. After the doctors located the trigger they removed it carefully with brain surgery and since then I am seizure free. Just to think an innocent fall can cause such a hellish chronic disease is absolute horrible. So now the seizures are gone (which is great) I still do suffer from the consequences of Acquired Brain Injury and Traumatic Brain injury due to that fall down the stairs and all the seizures back then, the surgery played a small part into that as well. Nowadays I have to deal with jerkish people who call me lazy while I am actually suffering from sleep issues, neurofatigue and I can't do much work anymore. Work already was tough for me but it became a lot more harder. I want more than I can do and that is frustrating. And I feel with all the epilepsy patients out there. It's not easy and it asks a lot of your body. I hope all of you can find the care you need to hopefully get the seizures under control or gone entirely

  • @VWYL900802
    @VWYL9008022 жыл бұрын

    I started having seizures when I was 16, I've had it for 15 years. I was first told that if I took my medication for a year, this would all go away. But I started having mood swings and for years wasn't consistent in my medications. I am now aware when I'm having auras (the little triggers that happen prior, like loss of focus, stress, long pauses in conversations, staring in emptiness, etc.), what's the cause/triggers for each episode, and when to stop doing everything and go to sleep or eat some proteins. what it is is basically when you picture your brain as a computer and it froze and spam just keeps coming up. Sometimes your conscious and subconscious don't catch up. Basically, people who are epileptic are not for the high life, club life and workaholics. Many can't drive and have to take public transit. They also can't live on their own because they need someone who can record their convulsions and remind them of medications. I'm talking only about grand mal or tonic clonic seizures. People who just started having them will not be aware of it but people who have it for years will be aware of how to control or how to live with it.

  • @We-all-watched-the-video

    @We-all-watched-the-video

    Жыл бұрын

    …THIS! Exactly the same since 16! Was also told to take lamotrigine for a year but still does nothing and I can’t drive or take transports, constantly have auras and I hate being alone in certain places 😢 this is what people need to hear!

  • @user-ghost44365

    @user-ghost44365

    Жыл бұрын

    Same thing happens to me but for some reason once I have it I start gettin the same signs sometimes

  • @NickolaiPetrovitch

    @NickolaiPetrovitch

    Жыл бұрын

    You make us sound inept. I live alone. I have them frequently with severe nocturnal tonic clonic seizures and pertial complex upon awakening. I’ve never been advised to never be alone. Not all of us need a babysitter even if we have frequent seizures. And you can live “the high life” if you take care of yourself. You make us sound inept. I go to clubs and dance I just don’t drink. Who needs alcohol to dance and hang with your friends ? You’re limiting yourself by telling yourself you can’t do this stuff. You also make us sound weak to normies. Not all of us are light sensitive either so clubs are fine. I don’t need a babysitter.

  • @VWYL900802

    @VWYL900802

    Жыл бұрын

    @@NickolaiPetrovitch don’t make my experience into everyone’s experience. I’m only telling my experience and how my life end up being. My mom is still worried about letting me go. And yes I have partied I tried alcohol, I’ve tried being in relationships. There’s this thing in my youth that I used to feel trapped and limited in my life because of my seizures so I try everything to my limits. But I learnt that it’s something that doesn’t help my seizures. Nor bettering myself in life. I just need to learn to be aware and when to stay safe. You don’t want your family members to have to fetch you from the hospital.

  • @NickolaiPetrovitch

    @NickolaiPetrovitch

    Жыл бұрын

    @@VWYL900802 you used “they” and “many of us” and “people” referring to epileptics with tonic clonics collectively. so you were speaking for us and not your own experience, don’t deflect. I was in the hospital for two years. I know more than most what it’s like. Also, I said no alcohol, any epileptic who drinks is an idiot. It’s one of the worst triggers. A single drop lowers seizure threshold. I don’t know what you define as partying and I don’t Know you thought I implied that’s some kind of coping mechanism or cure or THET I suggested it to you et all. I also don’t know why One would ever suggest a relationship of all things would help your epilepsy. Now you’re just projecting your experiences onto me, lol. Just don’t speak for us please. Don’t make your experience everyones experience :)

  • @jamilgauna3327
    @jamilgauna33278 жыл бұрын

    It's a great channel, keep doing videos, they are amazing!

  • @louisejones3907
    @louisejones39072 жыл бұрын

    This video delivery etc is fantastic!

  • @kevinjayaraj
    @kevinjayaraj8 жыл бұрын

    Keep continuing the great work. :)

  • @davidclifford6125
    @davidclifford61256 ай бұрын

    Well done! Thanks for this video.

  • @Muuip
    @Muuip7 жыл бұрын

    great presentation. Thank you.

  • @yizzlephysiq1250
    @yizzlephysiq12508 жыл бұрын

    Love this channel

  • @talayafrancois652
    @talayafrancois6523 жыл бұрын

    My dog has had two seizures in the past 24 hours. This really helped my understanding of what’s going on. Thanks!

  • @elizabethyoung9948
    @elizabethyoung9948 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for this. It is most interesting, I appreciate it.

  • @ravindertalwar553
    @ravindertalwar5532 жыл бұрын

    Great work is done by you

  • @rameshnarayanan2276
    @rameshnarayanan22763 ай бұрын

    My son had a first attack when he was 9 months. Atopic=reason unknown, declared by doctors after multiple EEG and 2 MRIs. One thing doctors were checking- he didn't cry immediately after birth. The deep breath required in the first place after that first cry opens up the brain cells and lungs is missed by him for few minutes He didn't cry until the nurse held him upside down and heavily patted on his back.

  • @msmafsudjama7889
    @msmafsudjama78894 жыл бұрын

    Hi everyone I really need help,I’ve had seizures for 3 years so far and I started at 13 they don’t know what’s causing them every doctor has their own theory but my EEG have come back okay but they did the tests when I’m normal and not having a seizure.I really want them to carry out the same tests but when I’m actually having one so they can see what’s going on in my brain.They keep asking for someone to video one but I live in a care home so they aren’t able to do that,when I have seizures I feel little things buzzing around in my head but I don’t know what they are I really need help before I get the wrong diagnosis

  • @VWYL900802

    @VWYL900802

    2 жыл бұрын

    I've had that experience for years. I've had epilepsy for 15 years, I started when I was 16. Are you sure you have an EEG for like one hour? Because I've had an EEG where they had me on wire for 3 days and I did normal things with all the wires with me, but then again, that EEG was only a few years ago for me. It's hard to listen to professionals at first because you're doing everything normal and you don't know what epilepsy is, and also you're young. Some seizures in young people can be treated within a year. When I first got diagnosed, my neurologist told me that too. But then I started having mood swings (something that happens to people with epilepsy as well) and I stopped taking medications. You really should read into this. www.epilepsy.com/learn/triggers-seizures

  • @lovelylouisa9324

    @lovelylouisa9324

    3 ай бұрын

    I’ve had the same problem no medication work on me on my eeg or mri it show everything is normal until now that I eve been having seizures non stop every week I was done an MRI recently and given an injection at it turn out on my left side of my brain I have something extra that’s either been born with it or cause by seizures and this can’t be seen after years passes by and grows that’s what causes my seizures and I’m due for surgery and can be seizures free if everything goes as planned (focal epilepsy)

  • @aesr3578
    @aesr3578 Жыл бұрын

    I’m curious would you consider focal epilepsy to be a general diagnosis for seizures or is this just a type of seizure that those with epilepsy have?

  • @NickolaiPetrovitch

    @NickolaiPetrovitch

    Жыл бұрын

    It’s a type of seizures epileptics have.

  • @reecepierce
    @reecepierce2 жыл бұрын

    I had seizures since I was 13 months old and still have them now

  • @briannad.1635
    @briannad.16353 жыл бұрын

    I’d appreciate any input on my situation: I recently have been having a lot of convulsions for the last eight months where I lose control of parts of my body like my head, torso or arm, and have sudden jerking movements, but I’m completely aware and can have full cognitive function. It started where I had to be hospitalized for having what seemed to be 26 seizure type symptoms in a day. I always feel a pain in the right side of my brain, and a tingling sensation in my muscles before they involuntary convulse. I have no brain damage from the incidents, and the seizure medication makes it worse. It’s happening about five or six times a day now and can last for up to three hours an episode. Would this be considered a form of seizing even though I’m aware of it? If anyone has an opinion on this I’d appreciate the input! I’m really confused and it’s exhausting, and I’ve reached the extent of my ability to try and understand my situation. Thanks

  • @Drainer26

    @Drainer26

    3 жыл бұрын

    Hi Brianna, I'm guessing you've been to the doctor's about this if you're already on medication. I have 3 hypotheses as to why this is happening: 1. You may be on the wrong type of medication or may be resistant to your current medication. In this case, go see your doctor for another examination and possibly a change in medication. 2. If you've only recently been diagnosed with epilepsy then depending on your age it is possible that there may be a psychogenic cause to your seizures. In this case, it may be important to check your psychiatric status and deal with any mental health issues you may find. ( PS. Psychogenic does not mean faking seizures, it can be a real problem patients struggle with) 3. There may be a more sinister diagnosis at hand, so if you have any more general symptoms (weight loss, fever, malaise, lethargy, weakness etc.) then I would let your doctor know about these. Hope this helps with your next appointment!

  • @jewel792

    @jewel792

    Жыл бұрын

    I am so sorry you have to experience this! Did you find out what was going on?

  • @challengermedico6101
    @challengermedico61013 жыл бұрын

    +1 sub

  • @dogshowish
    @dogshowish2 жыл бұрын

    Mine is mostly limb jerking and legs giving way and falling on my knees first major was in swimming pool body jumped out water and I sank doctors believed me then else they just said it my nerves

  • @phobostech
    @phobostech5 жыл бұрын

    You're neuron's were upside down @50 sec. - sorry, great videos so far :)

  • @neurochallenged

    @neurochallenged

    4 жыл бұрын

    I just came across this comment. These are cortical pyramidal neurons, so what you're probably thinking is the axon is actually an apical dendrite. There is an axon leaving the inferior side of the soma, so the video accurately shows how information would flow.

  • @VincentValentine33
    @VincentValentine332 жыл бұрын

    I was born with Epilepsy and it is a nightmare I would not wish on my worst enemy. Family members tell me that I am scatterbrained. Like in a way that I see and hear what I want to say, but it gets jumbled up and lost in translation. I wonder if that is part of being Epileptic.

  • @VincentValentine33

    @VincentValentine33

    2 жыл бұрын

    My husband is a fan of The Umbrella Academy, but I can't watch it because too many episodes have flashing lights.

  • @NickolaiPetrovitch

    @NickolaiPetrovitch

    Жыл бұрын

    It is yeah, seizures effect your short term memory and balance Center particularly bad. And post seizure your brain is pretty scrambled. My neuro told me having a tonic clonic is like running a marathon each time. Sorry you have light sensitive epilepsy, that friggin sucks. Was always thankful I at least didn’t have light triggers :( how are you doing ?

  • @margueriteoreilly2168
    @margueriteoreilly21689 ай бұрын

    Please can you explain 2 Seizures in hour.... I had 2 3 weeks ago....and all I am reading in Research Is ....I am going to Die Now I know I am not.....but The girl giving Me my scan in Belfast.. Told me the amount of 20 somethings In there clinic is unreal.. Mainly Sports people.. Can you please Please Explain.....to us all especially in Belfast Ireland What is going on.. My own Blood is Pure, It could be an old injury for me But for others .. It's the Plastic put around Lipids.. Oh thats just my own junior conclusion Belfast Ireland 🇮🇪 😎

  • @kendrickfarrell5689
    @kendrickfarrell568911 ай бұрын

    In other words we have no idea😂

  • @dankinhustler
    @dankinhustler2 ай бұрын

    ₤42 damn bruh tedebek man manem endaysemah

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