This is the official KZread channel of CAN Education. CAN Education provides courses for students, self-learners and industry around the world.
Main subjects are the following. You will find numerous videos about these subjects on this channel.
➤ Electrical Engineering: Analog Electronics, Power Electronics, Electric Circuits, Fourier Series, Transient Response, and Electronic Noise Analysis and Design
➤ Control Systems: Controller Design, Steady-State Errors & Sensitivity, Stability, System Identification, Two-Degrees of Freedom Controller System, State-Space Design, and Laplace Transform
➤ Electrical Machines & Drives: Magnetic Circuits, DC Motors, AC Motors (Induction & Synchronous), and Transformers
➤ Mathematics: Calculus, Linear Algebra, and Dynamic Systems
➤ Semiconductor Device Physics
➤ Physics and Chemistry
⭐ For questions, collaboration or consulting 👇
📧 [email protected]
☎️ +31616179479
🌐 www.canbijles.nl
Пікірлер
CAN, thanks for these awesome lectures,
You are welcome!
Hello Sir... Where can I get the paper version of the book 📖 named " Transfer functions of switching converters " ? Thanks
Maybe from a library or search the internet.
intressing! this video will be useful for me after summer :D will check it deeper later, atm on e-plan and few days left before summer brake! thx you for uppload.
Great to know! You can watch different power converter types and feedback control for buck converter also in this playlist: kzread.info/head/PLuUNUe8EVqlmo8U7EEBS6W1NpMBkA0JjI Good luck!
Hello... Where can I get the paper version of the book " TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF SWITCHING CONVERTERS " ? Thanks
@@heinzergrinder1901 How about searching on internet or library?
in step 3 why aren't r1 and r3 in serie and parallel with r2 and r4 that stand in serie with each other?
In step 3, I show step by step three diagrams explaining how the resistors are situated. Check that again.
Great video! do you have the reference from the equation analisis?
Thanks for your message. Glad to know you liked the video! 📚 Resources 👇 Power Electronics, Daniel W. Hart, ISBN: 9780073380674
i have a question if you don't have a problem. In a FV system, as source in a buck converter, the In capacitor is important to define a input current ripple isn't? Do you have some equation for this Capacitor? thanks, kind regards!
I do not understand the question. What do you mean by FV?
@@CanBijles sorry for my bad english!!, i mean Photovoltaic System
@@JoseGonzalezFernandez-bb6ow The capacitor, which is in parallel with the load, will determine the output voltage ripple. Increasing the value of this capacitor will decrease the output voltage ripple.
Hi, great video! By any chance in your channel is there the design of an op amp explained with the current mirror? I mean a multi-stage op amp.
Thanks for your message! Glad you liked the video. Here are some playlists: Operational Amplifier Circuits: kzread.info/head/PLuUNUe8EVqlmhmvCuxr326mnNKHB5jwJx
@@CanBijles an example in which you cascade a common source stage to the differential stage to amplify the signal, did you do it by chance? I really mean the internal structure of an op amp (differential stage/common source stage/studio buffer) for example
@@eduardmihailoiu7609 I have not done a video about a full transistor design of an op-amp circuit. Sounds interesting to make one in the coming future, will be in list.
@@CanBijles it would be very interesting!!
but the differential couple and the current mirror need to work in the active zone (saturation zone) to work well, right?
great video that is a must watch for Mechatronics engineering undergrads. Thank you for sharing!!
Thanks, great to know you liked the video! See this link for more videos about dynamic systems: kzread.info/head/PLuUNUe8EVqllnCB4ajVuXExPMjHn-4K1a
What about if you are only given the repeated roots? For instance, if the denominator was only (s - 5)^2. How would I solve for A and B.
If you have only repeated real poles, like (s+5)^2, you will not have the term with A/(s+2). So, you only have the last two terms in the partial fraction expansion I have given.
I tried plotting the bode plot of a fucntion I derived in matlab and Im getting something different than the actual plot. Can you please help me?
Did you checked the MATLAB site? See for example: nl.mathworks.com/help/ident/ref/dynamicsystem.bode.html
Hello, what happens if I have repeated poles at the origin, one from the plant and one from the controller. Does it change the computation for the angular criterion in any way?
The calculations are the same. You only need to take into account the magnitude and phase contributions of each pole and zero as I discuss in the video.
dear professor, i am trying to learn controller design for power converters. for the power converters generally we consider gain margin parameter while designing a controller. in your video series i have seen that you did not mention about gain margin. as far as i know gain margin has an important role for transient responses such as line or load transients of power converters. could you please share your ideas about this and explain why you did not mention gain margin while designing pid controller?
Thanks for your message. This is a valid and good question. Indeed, for the stability analysis, we should check both the gain margin and phase margin. In control theory, we also look at the modulus margin, which is actually a better measure how safe we are from the unstable point in the Nyquist plot. Usually (more often, but not always), the phase margin is somewhat more important than gain margin. If the phase margin is sufficient, than the gain margin is probably sufficient too, but of course there is no guarantee. In the videos I discussed about compensator design for buck converter, the gain margin was already large. In the links shown below, they discuss transient response of power converter and the discussion is also based on phase margin only. I do not claim you should only look at phase margin for power converters, but I do not know how strict and important the gain margin is for power converters. Maybe you have a good reference about it, love to read it. www.ti.com/lit/an/snoa507/snoa507.pdf?ts=1717893510339 pdfserv.maximintegrated.com/en/an/AN3453.pdf
@@CanBijles çok teşekkür ederim hocam. Benim için oldukça anlaşılır bir cevap verdiniz. İyi çalışmalar dilerim.
@@sahinbozkurt886 Rica ederim, memnun oldum. İyi çalışmalar.
dear professor, while calculating the arg of loop transfer function at min 8.10 you did not consider the phase contribution of zpi. since it is a zero i think it should have a positive phase contribution to the system. also in denomintator you have taken the phase of w^2 as -90 degrees. it is real number and i think that it should have zero degrees of phase contribution. could you please explain these calculations? if i think wrong i may improve my insight for this example and pi controller design.
Thanks for your message. Very good questions. Firstly: The PI controller has a pole at the origin (s = 0) and a zero left to this pole. The total phase contribution of the PI controller will be negative. The location of the pole is set, but not the location of the zero of the PI controller. I use the rule of thumb to place the PI controller zero one decade below the phase margin frequency wpm. Secondly: The expression of the real part is -w^2, so the phase is -180 degrees and this is in the denominator of the loop transfer function. The phase of the PI controller zero at wpm is close to +90 degrees and this is in the numerator of the loop transfer function. So, the first part of the phase of the loop transfer function at wpm is 90 - - 180 = 270 degrees or -90 degrees. That is the reason for the -90 degrees.
@@CanBijles thank you so much for your really fast return and explanation. I have understood very well why you have made the calculations as in video. I appreciate for your help.
@@sahinbozkurt886 Rica ederim. Başarılar 👍
May you help me how to plot 2 graphs at 18:13?
You can find more information about controller tuning and plotting here: nl.mathworks.com/help/control/ug/getting-started-with-the-control-system-designer.html
@@CanBijles thank you
@@dienau6313 You're welcome.
Have you done the hardware implementation of this project?or any experience of cuk convrter hardware?
I have not done the hardware implementation of this converter.
What is the application of this circuit?
Filters are used in many applications. Bandpass filters are used to pass a specific frequency band only.
The first diagram with the Rm and F phi looks like voltage and not current Is that intended?
The magnetomotive force F is analogues to voltage source in the electrical domain. That is the reason for using a voltage source symbol for F.
@@CanBijles yes. But the phi looks like it makes Kirchhoffs law loop for voltage and not current I am sorry I learned all this in a different language I have no idea how you call all this.
@@supremebohnenstange4102 The phi is the current in the electrical domain, so Kirchhoff's voltage law can still be applied.
@@CanBijles yes I know My problem is the circle arrow. We didn't learn that for current but. Voltage
@@supremebohnenstange4102 I got it. Is it clear now?
Hi sir why will the noise current not flow through the capacitor?
Where in the video was this discussed?
while deriving the equivalent resistance in order to calculate the input voltage referred noise due to the input current
at 22:45 sir
Capacitor in combination with a resistor (RC circuit) will generate noise voltage for the capacitor, but not a noise current. More details can be found here: Thermal noise on capacitors en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise
How will we include the input impedance of the op amp in noise analysis?
We determine the effect of the internal noise sources of the op-amp and focus om de op-amp first and then the output lowpass filter. For thermal noise calculations, you may combine the resistors and redo the calculations, but the final results will be the same. In fact, there are other parameters not included in this example, like the input and output impedance of the op-amp, which will have an effect on the actual noise performance of the circuit. You can create an accurate model of the op-amp having the input and output independences included.
what will hapen if my Q(pd) angle is negative?
It cannot be, because the phase contribution of a PD controller is positive.
Shouldn't the Signal bandwidth be the Gain Bandwith/Signal Gain instead of Noise gain?
In the noise analysis, we use the noise gain and GBW to calculate the signal bandwidth.
Fijn uitgelegd. Met name de grafiek maakte veel duidelijk. Is er ook een AC-versie voor max. vermogensoverdracht?
Fijn om te weten. Graag gedaan!
Hier zijn voorbeelden over maximum power transfer in DC en AC (in het Engels): Maximum power transfer in DC: kzread.info/dash/bejne/k5aEqcyQj6W3gco.html kzread.info/dash/bejne/qH951bedpqWnm5s.html Maximum power transfer in AC: kzread.info/dash/bejne/pn6Em6WpYNTbhKQ.html kzread.info/dash/bejne/lKKDyNqnmKjIhKg.html
@@CanBijles That's great ;-) Thanks a lot!!!
You are welcome! 👍
Thank you very much. I made an adjustable power supply unit for TL494. 0-27 V; 0-12A.I calculated the phase compensation for the first voltage error amplifier according to your methodology. It works perfectly! The second error amplifier operates on current limitation and short circuit protection. The shunt is in the circuit on the underside, after the load resistance. A small voltage proportional to the flowing current goes from it to the input of the operational amplifier. Please tell me, can I calculate compensation for the second error amplifier using this technique? What should be taken into account, because in this case we take the feedback signal not from the capacitor, but from the lower side of the load resistance? I'm sorry, I have to work with a translator.
Thanks for your message. Great to know that the method works! I will need some time for this. Maybe you can send me some details via mail [email protected] so I can give a better answer. I will let you know coming week.
@@CanBijles Well, I will definitely write to you
Wow! Talking about circuit A and B first then telling us about the opamp is just smart. In university or other youtube videos they only talk about the characteristics or conditions. which isn’t wrong but they never really show us whats the effect or why this configuration exists. Well done good sir. I appreciate op-amp now thanks to you.
Thanks for your message 😊 Great to know you have got better insight about the op-amp. Objective was to compare the two situations and thereby observing the effect of having an operational amplifier (op-amp) in the circuit. Good luck👍
Thank you very much
You are welcome!
Thank you sir 😊 We like to use a dual voltage source (-VDD) And how to design the R value when M1 and M2 w/L are different, and then find the Vov on this basic current mirror circuit...
You are welcome. You can add a negative supply. You only need to setup the Kirchhoff's voltage loop equation including the negative voltage source.
Too much simple😊
Great to know 👍 You are welcome!
Too much simple😊
Great to know 👍 You are welcome!
I do not understand it😢
Which part is not clear? Maybe I can check that.
Thank you Sir 😊 Simple conpect
Great to know 👍 You are welcome!
Where can I find the full table?
Handbook Of Filter Synthesis, A.I. Zverev
Hi CAN. Very instructive and helpful video. I am working on a project to design the controller of a motor. My question is how do you take into account the actual parameters of your system? For instance, on matlab i get an amplitude of 1 when i introduce my open loop function, while in real life my amplitude was 19rad/s; the stable speed of the motor. Is there a way to modify this on amtlab? Another point is regarding the sensor that feeds the voltage from the plant's output back to the input; How do i take that into account in my design and matlab sim?
Thanks for your message. You can adjust the gain to go from 19 rad/s to 1 by dividing by 19. I do not understand the other question.
Thank you 👍
You are welcome!
Thank you 👍
You are welcome!
Thanks to your detailed teaching, I have a better understanding of this OTA circuit architecture. It is a simple concept. Thank you for sharing👍
@@AllenSA_airohaSun You are welcome, great to know!
It is ok to apply this method to a boost converter design? Im designing now a two phase interleaved boost converter, and i need to compensate it...
Yes, you can use this method for other converter types also.
Thank you for this videos. They are very useful to me.
Great to know that you liked the video 👍 You are welcome!
I hava one more question. Is there any situation in which the allocation of a complex zero is required? If yes, how Can I proceed?
Complex zeros, mainly pure imaginary pairs, are present in the transfer function of Chebyshev Response and Elliptic (Cauer) Response filters.
Hey, Er staat: Rt = 100 + (47+22)//50 = 129 Wat betekent die symbool //? Ik wou graag weten hoe je aan die 129 kwam.
// betekent parallel. Voorbeeld: als R1 en R2 parallel staan, dan kun je het vervangingsweerstand Rv schrijven als Rv = R1 // R2. Je moet hier de formule voor twee parallel weerstanden gebruiken.
Could you please make same video on Cuk converter and its average model....if it great if you show current mode control with coupled inductor and uncoupled inductor
Video about Ćuk converter is here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/ZnuembOMmZrWZ5M.html
@@CanBijles Thanks for the response...do you have any plan to make cuk converter with closed loop control and could you please make a video on its working principle
@@biswajit681 I plan to make the closed-loop control of a boost converter. Then, I will work on the control of other converter types if the time permits.
@@CanBijles Many Thanks 🙏
@@biswajit681 You are welcome 👍
Hello,Thank you for a useful and informative lesson. It's just not clear why the divider R1 R3 is at the input and not at the output of the converter? Where in this scheme is the feedback from the output of the system to its input?
Thanks for your message. The error amplifier compares the reference voltage Vref with the part of the output voltage. This should be done at the input of the error amplifier The part of the output voltage is set equal to the Vref using the voltage division created by the resistors R1 and R3. This is also explained in the video. Comparison is made best at the input of the error amplifier, because the circuit can act faster to changes in the output voltage.
In addition: the circuit in the TINA-TI Spice simulator is for AC analysis. Here, we look at the loop transfer function, so we apply a AC signal at the point (output node) where we also measure the output voltage, thus we make a complete loop. The Vg is also Vo for normal operation. This is just for AC analysis.
@@CanBijles Yes, everything is clear now, thank you!
Great to know👍
@@CanBijles And also, could you tell me, the step response can somehow be seen according to the scheme from TINA TI
The same method can be used with the other switched converters such as the boost and buck-boost but deriving the plant transfer function is more complicated and requires state space averaging. This involves deriving a state space for all the switching states and averaging them. DCM will have a different transfer function to CMM due to the additional zero current state.
Thanks for your message. Indeed, this method can be also used for other converter types. Not only the derivation will be somewhat difficult, but also also different for the modulator transfer function depending on the operating mode. For continuous conduction mode, the transfer function is much easier than for the discontinuous conduction mode.
@@CanBijles yes one could dedicate an entire video to deriving the transfer function per converter and operating mode
Indeed, it is all about time and how far we need to go in the derivations.
in 8:32 i think your formulas: Vo,LN,RMS must be divided by sqrt(6) not sqrt(3) . For evidence, in your table , you take a division |Vo,n,LL| by sqrt(6) it equal to |Vo,n,LL,RMS| = 45.016!!! If you divided Vo,n,LL by sqrt(3) it must be Vo,n,LN. Can you give me this simulink matlab simulation . Thank you for your helpful video!
Thanks for your message. Glad to know you liked the video 👍 The formula for Vo,n,LN is correct, but when I moved to next slide to collect the formulas, I forgot the sqrt(2) in de denominator, so in total, it should be divided by sqrt(6). Actually, the formula should be written as Vo,n,LN where the harmonics order n is shown.
Сложно, но очень нужная теория. Благодарю!!
You're welcome! Indeed, it can be somewhat difficult to understand it fully in the first round. Most systems are nonlinear, so we need to deal with it :)
Congratulations by the video, really useful. I have a doubt, how can I deal with the angle criterion when my plant already have a pair of complex pole?
Thanks for your message. Glad to know that you liked the video 👍 Yes, you can also use the root locus method if the system has complex poles or even pure imaginary poles. It is based on the angle and the length contribution of each pole and zero location, so these do not have to be pure real.
Thank you very much.
@@brunoguimaraes5071 You're welcome!
Good day!, Thank you so much for the video. Please tell me, if the poles of the system are complex numbers and there is zero, as for example in the transfer function buck converter, is it possible to calculate the PID controller using this method?
Thanks for your message. Great to know that you liked the video! You may have complex poles in your plant transfer function and this method will still work. What you determine is the loop transfer function L(s) as it is done at 00:06:38 in the video, so having a real or complex will not change the analysis.
@@CanBijles спасибо !!
@@CanBijles But after all, if there is a zero in the Gp(s) system, then in the final system it turns out that the number of zeros will be equal to the number of poles. Where am I wrong?
@@SMV1972 What do you mean by the number of zeros equal to number of poles? Where do you have this?
@@CanBijles in the numerator of the system, 1 zero and 2 zeros have a pid. There are 2 poles in the denominator of the system and one pole at the origin has a pid. In total, we have that the transfer function of the loop gain has three zeros in the numerator and three poles in the denominator. I can't figure out what I'm wrong about. It turns out that this method is applicable only if the system does not have zero? Right?
May god bless you man! I want to sincerely thank you for the material that you provide and for the excellent explanation method. You have made my life easier.
Thanks for your message. Great to know that you liked the video 👍 I am glad it helped you out 😊
Nice , thank you
You are welcome!
Excellent video, but there is something I didn't understand. What is the step by step to obtain ωpm, is there a link or content to review. Because as far as I understand, that equation of arctangents equal to the phase margin has no possible solution.
Thanks for your message. Great to know that you liked the video! You can solve a equation using a graphing calculator or online equation solver like www.wolframalpha.com/calculators/equation-solver-calculator
@@CanBijles I was trying to avoid that, but thanks fot the advice. Maybe Newton-Raphson can solve that.
@@ControlAutomatico2020 It is a nonlinear equation, so you can try to approximate it using numerical methods, but this will be tedious and not always easy to solve. But worth practicing 👍
Elinize sağlık çok açıklayıcı bir video
Rica ederim. Beğendiğinize memnun oldum.
Merhaba matlabdeki simulink nasıl yapıldıgının öğretici videosu var mı?
Merhaba, mesela: nl.mathworks.com/help/simulink/getting-started-with-simulink.html ctms.engin.umich.edu/CTMS/index.php?aux=Basics_Simulink nl.mathworks.com/support/learn-with-matlab-tutorials.html
@@CanBijles teşekkürler bu kısımlara hakimim sadece ideal semi switchde formdan pulseı veremedim niye bilmiyorum
@@muratcanakar829 Simulink dosyasını yarın paylaşırım inşaAllah. O şekilde deneyebilirsin. Selamlar.
@@CanBijles yarın akşamüstü sunumum var, elinize sağlık bu video çok işime yaradı, simulink dosyasını sabah veya öğlen paylaşabilirseniz çok sevinirim, iyi geceler.
@@muratcanakar829 Eyvallah. 🔗 MATLAB/Simulink Files: drive.google.com/file/d/1UmPQuTomg8BcDY1C-KQHNoXuLANyjs8s drive.google.com/file/d/1C7cMScKcvBFg9Hr39CH0Gg2Mc66muy95
what are the poles of this?
What do you mean by 'this'?