History is complex - let's make it a little less so together.
My name is James. I'm a British-American student aiming to provide you with high-quality, educational, and entertaining content. I run Look Back History to share my own love of learning about the past with the world!
The most valuable lesson I've taken from my academic work isn't some fact or figure about a far-off place; it's how to effectively break down sources and think about humanity's history as an ever-interlocking continuum. Individual videos will be about specific topics, but it's always my goal to tie them to a greater relevance.
Still, I'm not perfect! I do a lot of research for every video, but some things will always be subjective, and sometimes I can still be flat-out wrong. That's why I list my sources in KZread's description box, and encourage you to check them out for yourself!
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*annexed
"the government collapsed, and exactly why is a contentious matter." Really? Bloody Christmas (1963) 400 Turkish and 200 Greek Cypriots deaths ? You're a joke!
what? they had been separate since 1866, that's 72 years not "hundreds of years "
The fact that the South German states were more culturally like Austria than Prussia was probably why Bismarck was reluctant to use military force to get them to unite with Prussia. He probably and correctly feared that had any type of military force to get them to join Prussia that they would've likely turned to Austria for help, which would've made things very messy
As I recall,as per the treaty which ended the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 to 1895, Korea entered Japan's sphere of influence. Also,as a result of the treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War, not only was Russia forced to recognize Japanese claims to Korea,it also had to withdraw from and recognize Japan's claims to Manchuria
Technically,South Africa was also independent in 1914 as well. In point of fact: German Southwest Africa became a mandate of South Africa after WW1,had South Africa not been independent at that point,ut would've been made a British mandate
Also,if History Matters is right, the only country to publicly condemn Anschluss was Mexico. But given where Mexico was in relation to Germany and the fact that it was Mexico, it was pretty much ignored
The reason why Mussolini approved the annexation of Austria, besides the alliance after the Ethiopian war, was because Hitler promised that he would renounce all claims to south Tyrol and even relocate all of its inhabitants who didn’t want to stay in Italy. Even after the eight of September 1943 and the subsequent german occupation of Italy Germany kept its promise and still never formally annexed South Tyrol.
Not all Austrians wanted the Anschluß. My grandparents were just those type of Austrians. My Grandfather was more loyal to the old Austro-Hungarian union. When WW1 ended and the A-H empire ceased to be, he took his family and got out.
Absolutely. Cool to hear about your family history!
@LookBackHistory Truth be told, there's a lot more to the story then what I told you. But long story, short.... that's how my fathers sidebof the Fam ended up in America.
rip roman republic
*Ballot paper: YES. Shot me.*
It definitely made clear what you were supposed to vote for...
8:16 wtf are you talking about 😭😭😭
because nobody helped, the Italians betrayed us
Mistake right in the beginning of the video: Austria was not separate from Germany since hundreds of years. Austria was one of the various German states who first formed the Holy Roman Empire until year 1806 and then the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866. It was only in 1866 that Austria was forced by Prussia to go separate ways. The German Federation ended in a war between its states with Prussia and its Northern allies winning and forcing the others under their rule, then calling the whole new thing "Germany". But Austria was explicitly excluded. It is a bit like as if the US Union had excluded Texas from the US after the Civil War in 1865. Back to the mistake in the video: Austria got kicked out of Germany in 1866, wanted to rejoin in 1919 (after WW1) and finally was semi-voluntarily joining Nazi-Germany in 1938.
Maybe the Republicans would've lasted longer if they didn't try to persecute the Catholic Church in a country where most of the people were Catholic. You can talk about corrupt clergy all you like, but the fact is, many practicing Catholics among the plebians of Spain were persecuted just for practicing a religion that their forefathers practiced for centuries. These republicans just drove many common people into the arms of the nationalists, and given that Franco and many of the nationalists already had military support from Germany, Italy, and Britain, the Republicans only had the Soviets to count on, which made them a foreign power given that the Soviets were atheistic Communists attempting to conquer a Catholic country using the republicans as their patsies. It's like trying to invade Saudi Arabia and outlawing Islam. Unless you're ready to put half the country in graves, you can't do that and expect to win.
They wanted and they got what they wanted
Because they can deploy 400 thousand active troops
Funny how people always wanna say thr Nazis were left when clear even the left didn’t want to join them and neither did the right.
interesting, never saw anyone explain the details that led up to this event before
Nor had I, hence...
@@LookBackHistory thanks, your channel is great
Another good video about the, as History Matters says, the “toothbrush mustache having Austrian man”
Even with this oversimplified explanation, I just cant understand Spanish Civil War politics
important to note is that support for anschluss fell after hitlers rise to power
It was pretty strait forward.
Catholics were the biggest opponents of Nazis wdym
As I recall, the partitions of Poland were suggested by Russia as a way to appease Austria and Prussia. See, Austria and Prussia were growing nervous/concerned about Russia's increasing influence in the Ottoman Empire, nevermind all the territory they were taking from it.
Bold and respectable decision for you to use the swastika despite KZread’s censoring spree! Please, continue the amazing work!
To be fair to KZread, I think its mostly KZreadrs themselves imposing that sort of censoring. KZread's automated systems tend to flag videos like this (limiting potential income) but everything I've ever requested a manual review on has been approved swiftly.
How did it "happen"? Two German divisons crossed unopposed the "border" and marched straight to Vienna, being greeted and welcomed all the way through with cheers and flowers. That was it.
annexion
slight correction: the shortening "N*zi" comes from the German pronunciation of the word "National" (pronounced "Nah-tsio-nahl")
Austria has been part of Germany for centuries until 1866. It's people wanted to join a centralized unified germany (but its leaders thought otherwise). Austria rejoining germany would be like Northern ireland rejoining the republic of ireland.
Saying Austria was separate from Germany for centuries is just plain incorrect. At best you can date Austria's separation to the rest of Germany to 1866 when Prussia broke the German Confederation, which the Austrian Emperor was President. Protestant Prussia purposely pushed catholic Austria away so Prussia could unite Germany and then the Habsburgs tried to stay independent from the Hohenzollern Germany so the Habsburgs would remain an imperial power. The idea that Austrians are not German at all is a post WWII idea.
austria was independent way before 1866
@@inactiveaccount So was every other state in Germany. Doesn't change the fact that an Austria led unified Germany was a real possibility until the German Brothers War
@@10Tabris01 no austria became independent during the habsburgs germany was still part of the hre, also austrians not being the same as germans isn’t a ww2 concept it is a fact if you look at a genetic map of europe you can see that austrians have a 25% slavic part in their genes that germans and swiss don’t have because of the austro hungarian empire, austrians are genetically more similar to hungarians than they are to germans, an austrian german unification only became possible because austrians wanted to be a part of an empire after the fall of austria hungary since austria went from being one of the richest countries to one of the poorest in europe after ww1, austria and austrians accepted the fact that their a small country and are happy to be an independent country after ww2
Austria was part of Germany until the German Confederation was ended in 1856 and a customs union continued to exist long after. That's not "hundreds of years" before the Anschluß, but 82. And 18 years since the last loud calls for unification were forcibly suppressed by the Entente. And yeah, Hitler from even before taking power was solely focused on war and taking over the world. Seriously??
0:15 Austria had NOT been separate from Germany for hundreds of years. Until 1866 the German Confederation, which included the German-speaking parts of Austria, and then some (most notably Bohemia and Moravia), was essentially synonymous with Germany. Hence why you have things like the German Civil War being another name for the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Vienna had been the de facto capital of Germany for centuries, with the HRE becoming synonymous with the concept of Germany in the Middle Ages. To quote Wikipedia: "From 1250 onward, the association between "Germans" and the whole Empire became stronger. [...] At the same time, the replacement of Latin with German in official documents entrenched the German character of the empire at large. In 1474 the term "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" appeared, becoming more common after 1512. However, even after 1560, only 1 in 9 official documents mention "Germany", and most omitted the rest as well and simply called it "the Empire". In 1544 the Cosmographia (Sebastian Münster) was published, which used "Germany" (Teütschland) as synonymous with the empire as a whole. Johann Jacob Moser also used "German" as a synonym for "Imperial". This conflated definition of "German" even included non-German speakers.[39]" During the 1848 nationalist revolutions throughout the German Confederation, the German nationalists naturally wanted to make the Austrian Emperor, Franz Joseph I, the Emperor of Germany. He turned it down, only for them to then offer it to the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, who also turned it down. The latter saw Austria as the leader of Germany, and did not want a Germany separate of Austria. "Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria had made it clear in November 1848 that he would not accept the title of "Emperor of the Germans" from the Frankfurt National Assembly because the Frankfurt Constitution would have required German-speaking Austria to have a separate constitution, government and administration from the rest of the Empire.[59] On 28 March 1849, the Assembly elected Frederick William IV as Emperor of the Germans, but he refused the crown. In a letter to a confidant, he wrote: "I can call God to witness that I do not want it, for the simple reason that Austria will then be separated from Germany."" Austria being something separate from Germany only really came about as an idea c. 1866-1871, and even then it was flimsy at best for the next nearly 100 years, as witnessed by the Austrian desire to join Germany in the aftermath of WW1 and during the interbellum before WW2. I'd even make the case that the first widely spread Austrian identity separate from that of Germany only became a thing when the first post-WW2 generations began reaching adulthood in the 1960s and 1970s.
Finally someone gets it. Austria was not some distant independent German state it only stayed independent when the empire formed because of its own empire
Ah yes, the famous German confederation of Germans that includes…. Poles, Czechs, Dames, Belgians and Lithuanians. Almost as if politics doesn’t care about language
@@wolfgang6517 It seems you've somehow managed to completely miss the point of the post you're replying to.
I think what he means is that Germany and Austria were never unified under one centralized state since the HRE and German Confederation were very decentralized
@@MuiltiLightRider Germany as a nation state is a completely modern invention
Good video.
Thanks!
Spam crap
It's almost like a trope throughout history. H1lter was from Austria, Napoleon from Corsica, Stalin from Georgia and so on..
Except for one thing: Napoleon Bonaparte was Italian not French
@@colindaniels945 and Stalin was Georgian, not Russian. And Hitler was Austrian, not (necessarily) German. Your point?
The difference is Austria is German cultural and historical, corsica and Georgia werent
Churchill was half- American. The founder of the current Swedish royal family was French. Catherine the Great was German.
@@colindaniels945This is incorrect but okay to off I guess.
Fascism is far from stamped out. It now comes with a "Made in USA" sticker
Amazingly Schuschnigg was arrested after the Anschluss and imprisoned in a concentration camp. And survived. He was liberated by the Americans in 1945. After the Second World War he went to the United States, became a professor of constitutional law at the University of St. Louis and acquired American nationality. In 1968 he returned to Austria, but did not enter politics again. Kurt Schuschnigg died in November 1977, four weeks before his 80th birthday.
Betrayed by the fkng italians and then relying on them. Stupid!
I agree with the atrocities committed by the Turks on the Armenian issue (a Turk would also oppose this). However, this is not something done unilaterally. In other words, no one said to the Armenians, "Oh, let's kill this Armenian" for no reason. Armenians and their supporters may be triggered, but I don't really care, Armenians were not that "threatening" country for us. The problem is, if you attack the innocent people of a country at war, while they are unarmed and without soldiers, you will receive a response. You will not cry the moment you are exposed to the response. For example, how did the Ottoman Empire grow so much? Have you ever thought ? He was implementing a policy called "İŞKAN". When the Ottomans conquered a region, they settled their own people there. In our understanding, there is no passion for killing innocent people and changing their religion/belief. Take a good look at the areas controlled by the Ottoman Empire; the language, belief and culture of not a single region has been changed. Likewise, look at African countries and colonial countries and you will understand the difference. Well, many Turks were settled in the Balkan region due to the "İŞKAN" policy. What do you think happened to those Turks in the lost wars and uprisings there? Do you think all of those Balkan countries were angels of goodness and sent people back to our country, or did they do something else? What do you think the Greeks (believe me, I have no problems with the Greeks, I love them) did to the Turks in their own country when they won the war and prepared to land in Izmir? Have you ever wondered this? Or will we accept such a thing as if it "never happened"? I don't have even a single grudge/hate towards Armenians, I am against hypocrisy. The Turks have acted wrongly, but it irritates me that they do not do this when we say "we showed the massacres of our own people and their cemeteries, now you show them". I want people who are impartial about these issues to make this comment themselves. Do you think this is fair?
Austria Painter Conquering His Own Country 💀
Yes Mussolini was against the German takeover of Austria, mainly because he had his own designs on it. He went along with it for 2 reasons: 1. He had no desire to piss off Hitler. 2. He saw Germany as the leading power in Europe at that point
3:04 For this reason, if you want to annoy a Turkish friend, you can say "you are an Arab". This is a kind of insulting a Turk. In fact, there is no greater insult, you cannot find a greater insult against a Turk.
The nazis where imperialist, not nationalist. Nationalists respect nations rights to self determination. Imperialist subjigate other nations.
Nationalists respect THEIR OWN right to self determination, they generally don't care too much about other nations. Imperialism is just an extreme version of nationalism
@@BritishRepublicsn Nationalists respect EVERY nations right to self determination within their borders. Imperialism is the polar opposite of nationalism. Imperialists and nationalists are arch enemies and its the most common form of right wing vs right wing war, for example right now Russijan imperialists vs Ukrainian nationalists.
Is bro for real
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714 They don’t tho if their nationality or national interest is being hurt by that nations internal affairs. Nationalism is just the belief that your country is the best and deserves to spread her influence, not any other bullcrap
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714 just because 2 nations are fighting, doesn't mean they're ideologically opposite. Your version of nationalists fight each other all the time
I'll quote History Matters: "Austria wanted to be part of Germany, just not THAT Germany."
Most austrians supported unification, even with Hitler's Germany.
@@jonoc3729 The fascist government prior to Anschluss didn't. In fact, they even allowed opposition parties,after banning them years earlier,on the condition that they oppose the Nazis. Even the video points that out
@@jonoc3729 source?
I see you are a man of culture.
@@colindaniels945 Yeah because Austrofascists were clerical, civic nationalist, anti-socialist and werent big on racism except Jews. Austrofascists werent even proper corporatists in economic manner, they practically copied things were they thought might work but never had the philosophical nor the ideological reasons behind them.
“This enraged the Allies, who punished Germany severely.” Oversimplified Winston Churchill: I was saving the planet from an Axis of Darkness, while you were back home opening National Parks! Yes!
Genius reference! 👏
ONCE AGAIN ENGLAND RUINS EVERYTHING
This video does zero justice to the rich history of Sri Lanka. Kindly do proper research.
I loved the part where he actually explained how the country functioned
Gutes video. Aber, Moltke ist "Moltke", nicht "Moltky"!
2:44 I really like how maps of the period make no distinction between Serbs and Croats