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• 
  @yarakexpress911612 сағат бұрын

  Quick question... Do you still sell those MMO coated electrodes on ebay ???

• 
  @feanorforges12 сағат бұрын

  Yes, as well as on my website, they are near 10% cheaper on my website feanor - lab www.feanor-lab.com

• 
  @yarakexpress911610 сағат бұрын

  @@feanorforges thx ✨🤝🏼

• 
  @ageofengineering159Ай бұрын

  Are you aware of RuO4 formation after 78% conversion?

• 
  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  Salut Feanor ! Pour l’étape de destruction des chlorates restant, comment faire si je n’ai pas de Indigo Carmine ? J’utilise quand même le Métabisulfate de Sodium « à l’œil » ?

• 
  @feanorforgesАй бұрын

  On est obligé de détruire le chlorate de toutes façon (sauf à atteindre 99.8 ou 99.9% par électrolyse) , sinon le produit reste dangereux, et carrément obligatoire pour le passer en perchlorate d'ammonium qui dégagera naturellement un gaz chloré corrosif et asphyxiant, s'il y en reste ! Pour le métabisulfite, de toutes façons, il faut en mettre à l’excès, et plus simple que l'indigo carmin, c'est la goutte de HCl à 28~36% qui reste blanche sur une poudre que ne contient plus de chlorate mais devient jaune clair s'il en reste, c'est facile à voir, our de l'acide sulfurique 98% mais qui soit déjà transparente ce qui n'est plus facile à trouver de nos jours en dehors des labos.

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  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  @@feanorforges Merci pour ces précisions !

• 
  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  Hello ! Tu as dis dans ton pdf que à la fin de la synthèse du perchlorate, il faut ajouter un peu de bicarbonate de sodium. Que arrive t-il si je n’en met pas ? Et est-ce vraiment nécessaire (ou puis-je m’en dispenser) ? Merci

• 
  @feanorforgesАй бұрын

  hello ! normalement, j'explique chaque étape. Je parle de 3 perchlorates différents dans ce PDF, (que j'ai d'ailleurs mis à jour et que je suis en train de traduire, je vais mettre le brouillon sur le site en attendant, ça restera utile) Je ne met jamais de bicarbonate à la fin de la fabrication d'un perchlorate, sauf éventuellement après la destruction du chlorate à l'acide, ce qui évite que la poudre reste acide et n'explose spontanément dans un feu d'artifice par exemple, en réagissant avec le soufre au autre composé sensible.

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  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  @@feanorforges Merci de m’avoir éclairé !

• 
  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  Salut Feanor ! J’avais une question à propos de ton kit HNO3 Birkeland, tu dis qu’il produit environ 20g de HNO3 par jour (donc 20g de HNO3 à environ 20% de concentration). Ça veut dire que si dans la colonne à bulle j’avais mis 200g d’eau, pour obtenir 200g de HNO3 à 20% je devrait attendre environ 10 jours ?

• 
  @feanorforgesАй бұрын

  Hello ! Non, quand je dis 20grammes par jour, c'est 20 grammes, sinon ce serait 4gr à 20%. Et le rendement suit le beau graphique que j'ai fait en page N2 du manuel, il n'est pas linéaire, tout est question de compromis en général, dans le domaine de la chimie ! D'après mes tests, j'avais obtenu un rendement de 16/20grammes/ jours les premiers jours. Donc si la colonne est assez haute, elle atteint les 20% en 2 jours, sauf que le fait est que le rendement baisse rapidement au dessus de 10%, donc ça fera moins en pratique. Il est plus intéressant de faire des nitrates directement qui peuvent se former à basse concentration, puis éventuellement de les passer en HNO3 par distillation à 67% (ou plus sous vide). (Le PDF est sur la page du kit en question sur mon site)

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  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  @@feanorforges Merci pour ta réponse rapide ! J'avais effectivement étudié ton pdf (merci beaucoup pour tout tes pdf d'ailleurs). Quand tu dis "si la colonne est assez haute", c'est-à-dire la longueur de la colonne ? Ou alors son volume ? De plus tu explique sur ton pdf que la production d'HNO3 dépend également de la température, mais de quoi ? De l'eau dans la colonne d'eau ?

• 
  @feanorforgesАй бұрын

  ​@@axcry_fireworks Je t'en prie ! (j'ai au moins 3 ou 4 vidéos sur les fabrications de pleins de truc en pyro qui attendent depuis 2 ans parce que j'ai pas le temps, je suis frustré, haha) En fait ce qui est très important c'est que les bulles aient une surface de contact avec l'eau la plus longue possible et qu'elles aient un diamètre le plus petit possible. Dans l'industrie du début 20eme siècle, ils mettaient 10 colonnes de plusieurs mètres de haut en série (dans l'usine que j'avais étudié en tout cas). Donc oui, quand on voit les pauvres amateurs sur KZread qui font passer des grosses bulles de sortie de tuyau de 6mm dans un fond d'eau de 1Cm, , on peut même être surpris qu'ils aient des rendement juste très mauvais genre 0.4%. La température de l'eau non, la température de l'arc est très importante oui, et les mecs qui mettent des "échelles de Jacob" ne l'ont pas compris : un arc long est froid. Sauf si on dispose d'une énergie énorme et là, oui; il devient intéressant de former un arc sous forme de disque avec des aimants, mais ça ne fonctionne qu'en alternatif je crois me souvenir!

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  @axcry_fireworksАй бұрын

  @@feanorforges D’accord, merci pour ta réponse ! Et as-tu fais les 3-4 vidéos mais tu ne les as pas posté ou alors tu planifie de les faire ?

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  @feanorforgesАй бұрын

  @@axcry_fireworks j'ai toutes les séquences vidéos + photos mais il faut les monter; c'est ce qui prend le plus de temps ! Entre autres celle de l'acide nitrique Birkeland !

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  @user-lm5yo3fy1g2 ай бұрын

  will using K2Cr2O7 in small quantities for electrolyte increase efficiency?

• 
  @user-vu4xy8tb9c2 ай бұрын

  Hello, why BaCO3? It is not soluble itself so i think Bacl2 is better for this

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  The goal is to precipitate and remove the sulfate ions

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  And for your question about starting with NH4Cl : it is self explosive in form of chlorate, even with low concentration, we are many to have a runaway reaction and lot of chlorine gaz release suddenly...

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  @user-vu4xy8tb9c2 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges Thanks for the reply!! I deleted that question because that answer already was answered by my friends who also do electrolysis

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  @user-vu4xy8tb9c2 ай бұрын

  Hello, the pdf on your website that is for English has a page that is not translated to English, please check the file from page 19 to page 23 and a little in page 24. Other than that thanks for your hardwork!!❤

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  Thank you, yes, haha, you noticed ! I have to translate it and change it since September 2023 but I have 600 things to do, and I didn't took time, I'm too lazy, and can't stand myself hahaha ! I will try to update it in some days ;-) thanks

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  @user-de6uw6wz9x2 ай бұрын

  Hi brother! Why do I use persulfate 4g/1 liter? Its starting pH is 7.5. Do I need to use hcl?

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  Hi ! Because persulfate is more efficient to stabilize the pH than HCl and then, it totally replace it with 4g/liter.

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  @user-de6uw6wz9x2 ай бұрын

  Do I need to heat the solution before electrolysis? A cold start will release a lot of poison gas, thank you😮​@@feanorforges

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  @@user-de6uw6wz9x it is better to heat before, yes, for many reasons. You can look at the pdf there are lot of infos like this. (the PDF on my website)

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  @user-de6uw6wz9x2 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges thks😉

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  @user-de6uw6wz9x2 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges 😃Hi bro, I would like to ask a key question again. Should we use a dual cathode or a single cathode during the chlorate stage?

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  @user-or5yt4ge3k2 ай бұрын

  Is it possible to use potassium chlorate and exchange it with barium chloride to produce barium chloarte

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  Unfortunately, because barium chlorate is much more soluble than potassium chlorate, (near 4.5 times) the double displacement is not possible (in water at least, maybe in another solvant)

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  @ceemch2 ай бұрын

  I have just bought this kit and its a work of art, the plates are beautiful and are made in a way that they are easy to limit the creep of chorosive agents that can damage your set up.(I can not comment on the durability of the coating yet as it too soon, but they look the part!) Its packaged beautifuly and with thought! I didnt get any blue indicator though i did get twice as much persulphate as i was expecting and the dye could have been lost by a customs inspect for example. Would defo recommned! 👍👍

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  Thank you very much for your review ! The methylene blue was in the box, yes, I have a double system to check each component, but your customs are very mad haha, and most of customs staff are paranoiac with drugs, so they prefer to remove some parts than take the risk... But glad they keep persulfate, because it look like to ... south American's stimulant !!!! Thank you for all !

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  @ceemch2 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges Thanks !!👍👍 I think I would like to upgrade my kit, so I have 2 cathodes is it an option in your shop to get another cathode and the space??

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  @@ceemch 😊 do you mean to have 3 cathodes ? the cathodes are not very expensive, I usually not sell them alone because they are too cheap to be interesting. But I can one time if you really want, but only in 150x60 or 200x60mm, I don't have usable stock of little ones

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  @ceemch2 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges I saw in you video that you had 2 cathodes around one annode(dark one) I bought the lid set and it has just one of each type. I thought I if I got another cathode, spacer, washer and lid I could build one like yours that might be a little quicker/ more efficient ??

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  @@ceemch sorry for my late answer : yes, you can ask more power by using the 2 sides of your anode. It is not "more efficient " but more powerfull yes so you can produce more product per unit of time : yes, but that is all. The current is sometime very high for 2 side and this can cause more heat and lower efficiency sometimes. But if you control everything, it is not a real probleme. A real problem is, for example sending 50Amps through M6mm connector in titanium : the temperature will rise over 100/110°C that is very bad !

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  @simonhiltunen77383 ай бұрын

  Can you use mmo electrodes instead of PbO2

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  It works a little bit but the life-span of your anode will be very short, and you can't reach 100% as PbO2 allow. But I sometimes produced 20/25% of perchlorate and 75/80% chlorate... It is not very interesting appart to destroy visibly the coating.

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  @arminlohrasb-vs5ie4 ай бұрын

  Would chlorate impurites make all of it dangerous?

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  @feanorforges4 ай бұрын

  Yes, it form ammonium chlorate which can lead to self explosion spontaneously, it already happened, and I know people who get problem with self decomposition of everything inside the house.

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  @arminlohrasb-vs5ie4 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges how can i get rid of naclo4 impurities before i make ammoonium perchloratr

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  @feanorforges4 ай бұрын

  @@arminlohrasb-vs5ie you can check my video about "perchlorate synthesis" or then, my pdf about electrolysis which is full of informations about it ;-)

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  @arminlohrasb-vs5ie4 ай бұрын

  Is it possible to make kclo4 from potassium chloride with a pb02 anode and what material should the cathode be? thanks

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  @feanorforges4 ай бұрын

  No, it is not possible in practice because the KClO3 is almost impossible. Some people succeed to melt KClO3 at high temperature like 400°C to get KClO4 but it is dangerous, complicated I never done it. Electrolysis is more reliable and safe ! (the cathode can be in titanium, stainless steel, nickel, and other low corrosive metals)

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  @bassepicenterboosted4 ай бұрын

  You are king pyro?

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  @feanorforges4 ай бұрын

  No ! I don't know who it is !

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  @user-dt1jj2uw3k4 ай бұрын

  When you separate sodium perchlorate from cell liquor, do you boil all the water away?

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  @feanorforges4 ай бұрын

  I' m not sure to understand you... what do you mean ? The boiling is just to accelerate de dissolution, I don't separate the Na-perchlorate.

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  @user-dt1jj2uw3k4 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges Before making AP by double decomposition from sodium perchlorate and ammonium chloride, sodium perchlorate obtained by electrolysis must be crystallized, right? I want to know how to do that. Do you simply boil the water to obtain sodium perchlorate crystals?

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  @feanorforges4 ай бұрын

  @@user-dt1jj2uw3kIt is not important to be crystallized or not, it is only important to know your total mass and your amount of water. You better pur it in oven at 140°C it is better, just boil it is complicated because you can't regulate the temperature.

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  @user-dt1jj2uw3k3 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforgesThank you so much!

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  @Ignis_15 ай бұрын

  Would this work to make baclo4 if you run an electrolysis on baclo3

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  @feanorforges5 ай бұрын

  theorically yes, but the anode should be very resistive like pure platinum or iridium.

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  @Banana_man67855 ай бұрын

  Hey! When producing potassium chlorate through electrolysis, what do you dissolve the sodium chloride?

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  @feanorforges5 ай бұрын

  there are 2 ways : 1) dissolve NaCl and electrolysis it to chlorate and then add KCl to produce potassium chlorate. 2) dissolve KCl and electrolysis it to chlorate, it seems the easier way, but it is not. The crystals are annoying and stuck to the anode and then, reduce his lifespan. I prefer the 1)

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  @JoakimfromAnka5 ай бұрын

  How about making Sr chlorate?

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  @user-ke1cb7yb1t5 ай бұрын

  Is it possible to use this method for producing NH4ClO3 by Naclo3?

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  @interstellarsurfer5 ай бұрын

  Convert your chlorite to chlorate using heating in water. Procedure is documented elsewhere.

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  @enfield1-1405 ай бұрын

  After removing the chlorates with sodium metabisulfite and barium chloride, NaCl is left over. Does anyone know whether it is necessary to remove it from the sodium perchlorate solution? If it isn't removed, will it affect the use of the sodium perchlorate? Thx.

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  @capellovici5 ай бұрын

  Oui, il faut le retirer le plus possible car il affecte l'efficacité du perchlo, ce qui se comprend aisément. Faire cristalliser l'ensemble, le NaCl cristallisera en premier au dessus du perchlo. Le retirer avec une feuille en papier en forme de tuile au fur et à mesure qu'il se forme. Refaire l'opération autant de fois qu'il le faut pour obtenir la pureté voulue.

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  @CristinaPetrollini-sj9fi6 ай бұрын

  For down the PH is possible use sodium hidroxyde?

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  @feanorforges6 ай бұрын

  The NaOH will "rise" your pH, not down it 😉

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  @CristinaPetrollini-sj9fi6 ай бұрын

  Sorry for bad error 😂 is usable to rise PH? I think the residue of sodium remain in solution rght?

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  @feanorforges6 ай бұрын

  @@CristinaPetrollini-sj9fi The chloride electrolysis's pH naturally going high especially because chlorine gas evaporated and soda remains in the solution (NaOH or here Ba(OH)2) This problem is countered with HCl and some salts (persulfate, chromate...)

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  @highqualitypyro90757 ай бұрын

  Hi guys 👋 My question is how i get potassium perchlorate crystals out of a potassium perchlorate solution? The Solution contains simply kclo4 and H2O. did i freez it boil it out? how exactly does it work and will it be pure kclo4 after getting rid of the water? Thank you very much.

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  @feanorforges6 ай бұрын

  As you can see, the KClO4 is barely insoluble and instantly form white crystals powder. You just need to filtrer with a simple filter, as a cloth. But you should get rid of chlorate before cristallisation to avoid danger of uncontrollable reactions and self-ignition.

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  @highqualitypyro90756 ай бұрын

  Im new in this field im just wondering, if per 100 ml at 0 degrees 0.76g / 100 ml is soluble in water if im dissolve 21.08g / 100ml at 100 degrees and it cools down to approximately 20 degrees room temperature, will there be 1-1.5 g per 100 ml in the solution and the rest sinks down as crystals? Solubility of Kclo4: 0.76 g/100 mL (0 °C) 1.5 g/100 mL (25 °C) 4.76 g/100 mL (40 °C) 21.08 g/100 mL (100 °C)

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  @feanorforges6 ай бұрын

  @@highqualitypyro9075 Yes, more or less it is possible to do as you said, yes ! But this values are limits, in reality, we can't reach exactly this values in real !

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  @highqualitypyro90756 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforgesthank you very much, I just find your documentary of electrolysis on your website :) this kind of detailed information is very rare to find 🙏🏻 Grettings from germany 👋🏻

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  @feanorforges6 ай бұрын

  @@highqualitypyro9075 I'm very glad that it could help you ! I'm on the preparation on another perchlorate video more simple without destruction of chlorate, just to run until 99.9%. Greetings from France (and take care of you, pyro don't forgive 🙏)

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  @dragonwarsun7 ай бұрын

  I use an Ir-ta electrode, electrolyze potassium chloride, and use potassium persulfate, and the current efficiency is less than 20%, which is why

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  @feanorforges7 ай бұрын

  what is your current density ? what is your concentration of persulfate ? what is your temperature ? (even if it don't change many things, even at cold, at 35°C some people reach 50%~60%)

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  @dragonwarsun7 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges 100cm2 i use 25a,70-80℃，Potassium persulfate 5g/l,I use one positive electrode and two cathodes that are the same size

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  @AlmightyLoaf-vm9rt7 ай бұрын

  I tried using graphite anode and titanium cathode. I added 100 grams of Potassium chloride into 400 ml of solution and mixed. I added just over 1 gram of potassium persulfate. I started the electrolysis at 4.5 volts and 2.7 amps. When I looked at it 16 hours later, the solution had turned black and the anode appeared to be damaged. I filtered the mixture, separated the pure solution into another container, added a little persulfate and started the electrolysis again. After 2 hours, I noticed that it started to turn black again and I stopped the process. I'm new to electrochemistry and I don't quite understand what's going on. Why didn't crystals form like in the video? I would be glad if you could help. A very nice video by the way.

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  @feanorforges7 ай бұрын

  Hello buddy ! Yes, it is very inefficient with graphite anode and I suggest to don't going over 25 or 30mA/Cm². Then don't use KCl, just electrolyze NaCl (table salt) yes, your anode in graphite will gradate along time BUT you will have a solution of chlorate. (use my calculator in the description) Then, you filter this solution contaminated with graphite (it is hard, I know, maybe use decanting), then, react your solution of NaClO3 with KCl according to my calculation in my pdf for example, then, instantaneously your cristals pf KClO3 will appeared. If your solution is clean, your crystals would be white and clean. (but it is VERY VERY hard with graphite) And when you will have more budget, you will have MMO (as mine) which are the royal way. Unfortunately I'm not the cheaper on the internet, cause France is the first country of the world by taxes : 46% return tot the state 🤧. Then you could do directly from KCl to KClO3 in one step but I'm not recommended it, I prefer stay in solution, en double-metathesis later. Keep hope and you will succeed !

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  @siddharthtiwari45407 ай бұрын

  Ko​@@feanorforges

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  @Mark300win7 ай бұрын

  Hi Feanor, is it better (efficiency or time wise) to go from nacl to perchlorate in one step using pbo2 electrode from the start or two steps nacl>cholrate>perchlorate ?

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  @feanorforges7 ай бұрын

  Always 2 steps, always, for tons of reasons ;-)

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  @user-dt1jj2uw3k7 ай бұрын

  Is it possible to use Na2CO3 to remove acidity traces? In my country, it's difficult to buy NaOH.

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  @feanorforges7 ай бұрын

  Yes it is almost the same, it is just softer and better for your security !! But you should run until 99.9% perchlorate, you won't need to destroy chlorate, I'll send a video soon about this

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  @user-dt1jj2uw3k7 ай бұрын

  Thank you so much! I'm looking forward to your new video!

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  @ageofengineering1598 ай бұрын

  You should also note, that your perchlorate solution will be contaminated with lead which is toxic.

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  @yahyaguevara54438 ай бұрын

  We need another video with more placement and subtitles

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  @feanorforges8 ай бұрын

  A new video is in production to reach 99.9% of perchlorate in one step without chemical destruction. About subtitle, I'll add it when I'll have time

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  @pirobot668beta8 ай бұрын

  OK, I have no resources, so I used graphite rods soaked in linseed oil. Vacuum chamber to suck out air outta the rods, roasted oiled rods in oven set at low to polymerize the oil. Sure as rain, the anodes got consumed in the process...lots of filtering to remove the carbon/linseed oil mush. Cathode rods were more or less unaffected. Was running the cell at 7.5 volts, 40 amps...don't recall how long I ran the cell, felt like forever. On crystalizing product after the run, was greeted by chlorate and perchlorate forms! The two salts have very distinct crystal shapes...recrystallizing several times to purify.

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  @thigamer092th78 ай бұрын

  My friend, That much current gonna destroy everything idk it can damage even MMO anodes, Try using minor current, i already see people using 6 volts 5 or 4 amps

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  @thigamer092th78 ай бұрын

  Obviosly the graphite will be consumed but probably you gonna reuse then some times before it dies.

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  @feanorforges2 ай бұрын

  sorry for long answer : good job for your tries, but graphite is a mess ! I know it is almost impossible to get descent amount of perchlorate from graphite, you should better heat your chlorate at high temperature to get perchlorate and separate them with acetone or another solvant that can dissolve the perchlorate. Hope you will find a better solution ! Good luck 😉

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  @jorgevalderio67299 ай бұрын

  Hola algún día puedes sintetizar el persulfato de potasio

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  @jorgevalderio67299 ай бұрын

  Es excelente el vídeo soy de colombia y veo que el persulfato de potasio ayuda en la formación de Clorato mui fino

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  @twojstaryposejdon73399 ай бұрын

  What model of psu did u use?

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  @moosehead44979 ай бұрын

  interesting the persulfate additive, that is a good tip. Oxone is cheap freely available as well

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  @feanorforges9 ай бұрын

  Thanks, it is a good tip, the molecule is not too far from persulfate. Right now, I'm leading some tests with Na-bisulfate it seems to works in addition with persulfate.

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  @HyperspacePirate10 ай бұрын

  Love the video. Will these PbO2 anodes work for Kolbe electrolysis of sodium acetate to form CO2 + C2H6 or is platinum required?

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  @feanorforges10 ай бұрын

  Thank you ! For most of the applications, the PbO2 anode can suit to replace platinum, due to his high level of electrical potential. The main constraint is the slow degradation of PbO2 xhich contaminate the solution. I don't have knowledge for Kolbe electrolysis but if the contamination is not critical, I and your pH not above 10 or 11, I "think" it should work ! Feel free to share your own experience with us 😉

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  @HyperspacePirate10 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges I'm not too concerned about electrode degradation since I only need to do the reaction a few times. Main main concern is whether or not the catalytic effect of PbO2 is sufficient to release CO2 + C2H6 instead of just O2

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  @feanorforges10 ай бұрын

  ​@@HyperspacePirate In companies/universities labs, they almost always use Platinum anode for anything just because they have it and they have a lot of budget (platinum anode are very expensive), but most of the time, many other technologies are suitable like MMO (if you are a chemist, you probably know that IrO2 in my MMO has a highter electopotential than Pt) or sometime just nickel metal. I really think your organic chemistry reaction just need a medium electrical potential suitable for MMO. You can check on Ebay or on my website if you want where I have Platinum anode coated on Titanium (0.5grams/face). Edition : I just checked on the internet, and yes, I can comfirm you that you don't obviously need PbO2 coating but it is more suitable if you have a very acidic solution, for medium pH, MMO anode is suitable forexample.

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  @HyperspacePirate10 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges Ok, thanks for letting me know

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  @patrikorsuliak813710 ай бұрын

  Hello I have black coating on cathode after runing chlorate cell for 12 days at 30 ampere. Is my MMO anode destroyed ?

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  @feanorforges10 ай бұрын

  Hello, without informations, impossible to say. but definitely, the appearance of your cathode surface is not an indicator of anode's health. And with MMO the coating never go on the cathode, I don't know where your black deposition come from !

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  @patrikorsuliak813710 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforges Could it be from cyanoacrylate glue or is it passivation of cathode from high voltage because in last two days i used 5v to power it

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  @patrikorsuliak813710 ай бұрын

  5 volt directly on electrodes

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  @patrikorsuliak813710 ай бұрын

  Before i did not see any black coating

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  @patrikorsuliak813710 ай бұрын

  I think is ruthenium oxide from anode

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  @makabra20310 ай бұрын

  for some reason no matter what i cant fully dissolve 500g KCL in 2L of distiled water... Does it has to be fully dissolved? Some of it stays at the bottom... Will it affect the purity of KCLO3?

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  @feanorforges10 ай бұрын

  I can confirm you that 500g of KCl can dissolve in 2liters. And if some KCl is undissolve, your KClO3 will be contaminated yes. BTW I advice you to produce NaClO3 then, add KCl to get crystals of KClO3 and NaCl new brine.

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  @makabra20310 ай бұрын

  i managed to dissolve all KCL but the water had to be boiling hot@@feanorforges

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  @feanorforges10 ай бұрын

  ​@@makabra203 at cold, you can dissolve KCl near 290~300g for 1liter in cold water and near 350g/liter in hot water

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  @DaveSmith-cp5kj9 ай бұрын

  You should be using distilled water. If the water is not deionized, it is already partially absorbed with other minerals which prevents full saturation of the KCl

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  @silvianbauer48910 ай бұрын

  South african airways 295 hat diese Zeug auf jeden Fall im Flug entzündet

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  @tomspeed200011 ай бұрын

  Hello, After a few days of getting perchlorate in my cell, instead of stopping, I continue to running it for another week or even more . Do you think it is a good way to get rid of residual chlorate in the cell? or does continuing electrolysis have no effect or benefit when perchlorate obtained? Soon I will making ammonium P.C with this method to see if its works or not but Again after using SMBS , the Ammonium Perchlorate what I got sharply smelling chlorine, than a few days later I seen the bottle get full of green Chlorine Gas.. I really don’t know how to can get rid of chlorate in perchlorate.. of course there is no single problem when I making potassium perchlorate but with ammonium chlorate existing its different, now I keep the bottle Inside a bucket full of water to avoid any possibility accident..

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  @feanorforges11 ай бұрын

  yes, your method is good it is my only one no, because destroying chemicals is not very conveniant as you seen, and not always perfect. Run until 99.9% is not complicated BUT you need to control it to be sure, I put the other answer I let you on the video ot ammonium perchlorate : "Don't worry, many of us, including me had a lot of trouble with removing chlorate and get pure ammonium perchlorate which don't smell chlorine gas. Haha, no, you need to produce your perchlroate the same way than your usual method (MMO then PbO2), with 0.4% of persulfate if your cathode is in titanium (or chromate if in stainless-steel) and some times, you take a bit of brine, like 2 or 3mL and mix it with equimolar potassium chloride to produce KClO4. You make it dry and let drop a 30 to 36% HCl acid (commercial) and watch the color. If your perchlorate is slightly yellow : your perchlorate contains a bit of chlorate, but if your perchlorate remains white, you reached 99.9% perchlorate (congratulations), and thus, you could produce your ammonium perchlorate without danger, I do that, like Richard Nakka. I can send you the colour reference for each purity with the HCl drop if you contact me on my website email. (because the video won't be ready before 1 or 2 months at least, but it will include the total explications with this informations)"

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  @estenpaschaxxx123811 ай бұрын

  Hello Feanor, do you know how to produce aluminiumperchlorate? Is it possible to convert sodiumperchlorate/ potassiumperchlorate to it with aluminiumchloride? best regards

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  @feanorforges11 ай бұрын

  Hi ! Theoretically, yes, it is possible. In practice, I've read they are using 3 mols of Nitronium perchlorate : NO2ClO4 and 1 mol of aliminium chloride : AlCl3. It seems difficult to produce anyway.

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  @tomspeed200011 ай бұрын

  0:59 Did you added Barium carbonate to the sodium perchlorate solution? Or it was ammonium perchlorate solution? Thanks

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  @feanorforges11 ай бұрын

  Hi, sorry I> was not very clear, at 0:30 I indicate a sodium perchlorate solution, and precipite sulfate with BaCO3. But I really should find motivation and make a video of 99.9% NaClO4 production (almost chlorate free) with my lead dioxide anode in one run, and then, no need to all this complicated operations.

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  @tomspeed200011 ай бұрын

  Hi, thank you, it will be so great if you can make a video about it, my sodium perchlorate solution is always like dark yellow to the green color , when i added Sodium MBS its turn to the clear solution, than i added barium carbonate.. the ammonium perchlorate what I make always sharply smelling chlorine gas, this time’s I trying to destroy sodium chlorate using SMBS and barium carbonate which i did 1hour ago, now i need waiting long to can get rid of those white particles settling so slowly.. thanks again ;)

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  @feanorforges11 ай бұрын

  ​@@tomspeed2000 The principle to reach 99.9% perchlorate and avoid chlorate destruction, is to run the perchlorate electrolysis until 18~22% of the theorical yield. It is a bit expensive in anode (but not so much in facts) but in this way, no chemicals are needed. Because my old method in this video is complicated and not always efficient. Some very good people from our field are doing like this, it is one of the better method and even if the anode life-time is lower, the final cost in time + chemical + danger of fail is far more favorable to longtime electrolysis.

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  @tomspeed200011 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforgesThanks, I used SMBS. I was thought I succeeded, the ammonium perchlorate what i got smells nothing even when I drying it, no any chlorine smells, but a few days later when I open the bottle I see the powder smells chlorine heavily,, than days later i see the bottle is full of chlorine gas, now My cell is running over 12 days, The perchlorate obtained after 3 days but I leaving the cell running for 2 weeks or even more to see if in this times may come out chlorate free .. please make a guide video about your new method..

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  @tomspeed200011 ай бұрын

  @@feanorforgesdo you mean just filling the cell with nacl solution without per sulphate.. and running it for long until perchlorate obtains? Or running the cell with chlorate but without P.S .. ? Sorry but look like’s im really dumb;))

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  @user-my2wp1hu4v Жыл бұрын

  Hey,there is one question.When you try to use indicator to test the chlorate ions in the solution, have you considered that sulfur dioxide in the solution may bleach the indicator. Maybe it could interfere with the concequence?

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  If indigo carmine reacted with sulfur oxides, then the result would be systematically bleached. By the way, it is not SO2 but SO3 which is produced firsly : Na2S2O5 + H2O <- - - -> 2Na+ + 2H+ + 2SO3 2 - The confirmation of non-bleaching reaction of indigo Carmine can be found in US patent 2,392,769

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  @lmaozedingdong6099 Жыл бұрын

  en début d'année là j'ai enfin réussi a faire du chlorate potable ta a été de loin la plus utile :) continu et j'ai vu ton kit pour l'acide nitrique je serais plutôt partisan d'une méthode genre acide sulfu et sel nitrate mais c'est pas mal aussi comme ça, juste pour l'information une vidéo a sujet serait pas mal reçus je pense merci encore !

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  Merci 😊👍 Yes, l'HNO3 est plus rapide et concentré par distillation avec l'acide sulfurique et un nitrate, mais cet acide est déjà interdit en France depuis 2021 de même façon que le KNO3 dans quelques années je pense, ça a commencé avec des pays du Nord...

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  @lmaozedingdong6099 Жыл бұрын

  @@feanorforges l’acide sulfurique est interdit ? Il me semblait en avoir vu sur mon droguiste... mais bon y’a peu des armes à poudre noir on été surclassé en C... D’abord le chlorate de soude disparu parce que du sel qui marche mieux que du round up c’est pas bon pour les affaires alors quelque pots de vins des études qui disent que Monsanto c’est super et que le chlorate de soude finances l’état islamique et c bon quoi. Et avec les voiture électrique on aurait bientôt plus de batteries 12v a faire bouillir... Mais je vais dire maintenant je suis pas chimiste mais j’essaie de bricoler un peu et je me rend compte que tant que le vinaigre est pas interdit et que l’état ne nationalise pas les excréments et les bactéries en théorie y’aura toujours moyen de faire des trucs... Je te souhaite d’être vieux pour mourir de mort plus ou moins libre et calme, je sais pas pour moi je suis pas encore majeur mais ça sent pas bon surtout que les gens de mon âge s’en foutent complètement tant que y’a du wifi et tiktok ils sont content.... Les pays du nord je pense que tu devais faire allusion à Breivik, mais en Finlande (pays le plus heureux du monde) ça va encore y’a pas trop de soucis chez eux d’ailleurs j’envisage une vie là bas🙂.Merci encor, et si tu as discord je serais ravis de discuter j’ai le tag de EnergeticsHeretics (qui a un peu disparu je sais pas si tu connais) mais je peux te le donner.

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  @user-mx6hd3vy5e Жыл бұрын

  wow!! very useful Does only chlorate reacts with dyes and if so can we uses any type of dyes or just specific type?. Actually iv been try to make colored smoke and for that i watched a lot of fake videos which use potassium nitrate as oxidizer but all my attempts failed then i read more about colored smoke i reach to potassium chlorate as an oxidizer for colored bomb but i cant make it but maybe i cane make sodium chlorate by electrolysis and finaly my last question. Does sodium chlorate is good alternative of potassium chlorate for colored smoke or not? because i know that naclo3 stronger than kclo3

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  Nope, there is only few dyes which react with chlorate. Nitrate are the best option for smoke production, most of the time, and you should watch at KNO3, sugar, paraffin which is well known and efficient. Chlorate are easiest to set off. NaClO3 is very hygroscopic, so even if it is a bit better about oxygen giver, when your mixture is wet, it is a serious problem. "Better" don't really mean anything, there are some mixture more efficient with KClO3, depend of reaction and purpose

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  @user-mx6hd3vy5e Жыл бұрын

  @@feanorforges Thanks for fast response yes nitrate it gives huge thick mount of smoke but no color so if you know dyes or stuff for colored smoke mixture that will be very helpful 🙏.

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  @@user-mx6hd3vy5e You have lot of ressource all over internet ! For example, with chlorates : kzread.info/dash/bejne/d4uVp8qFmMrLo9I.html& (36% Smoke Dye, 27% Potassium Chlorate KClO3, 18% Lactose, 19% Magnesium Carbonate) with nitrate (KNO3) : kzread.info/dash/bejne/kW2IzdNse5TXj8Y.html (50% KNO3 + 40% Sugar + 10% Na-Bicarbonate. + Dye from Oil pastels + 20/25% )

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  @colspyro Жыл бұрын

  NH4ClO4 is normally used to produce "colored" smoke.

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  @DaveSmith-cp5kj9 ай бұрын

  @@user-mx6hd3vy5e The biggest issue I have found is that to get color (and actually a lot of smoke in general) the burn rate has to be suppressed by the retention of smoke within the device. The easiest way to do this is with a container that won't burn away and a small hole. Also keeping it cool seems to prevent the chlorate from detonating.

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  @kojiki-ninpoo Жыл бұрын

  赤熱したあと冷却された木炭を電極に使用する者がいないのはなぜ

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  @FCL-mp1zg Жыл бұрын

  Hello and congratulations.... I would like to ask your opinion: I have a cell with these electrodes powered at 5v and about 10 Amp of assortment after 4 days (at the beginning it absorbed about the later) I correct the PH daily with HCl to 6PH using a measuring instrument. How long approximately does it take for methylene blue to announce perchlorate? and approximately how long does it take to transform all NaCl into NaClO4? [I am not using any additives] thank you very much!!!.......and many more compliments 

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  Thank you 😊 You have the calulator above, the last link in the description of this video, I let you play with the value, with the consideration of the yield that should be near 50% without additive. Ha, ok for transforming all NaCl to NaClO4 ? without additive ? near 15 billions years at least !😋🤭 haha no, sorry, you can't success for that ! But to pass all NaCl to chlorate, you can success but probably with 40% of electric yield in current. Greetings

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  @FCL-mp1zg Жыл бұрын

  can i use sodium persulphate instead of potassium?

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  @@FCL-mp1zg yes, it is even better

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  @FCL-mp1zg Жыл бұрын

  @@feanorforges do I throw the current brine? I corrected the PH always with HCL

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  ​@@FCL-mp1zg at which stage ?

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  @valfodr Жыл бұрын

  Great video! Could you go more in deapth into the power supply. More than just linking a particular one: what characteristics should we be looking for

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  Thanks ! Depend of characteristics you are looking for. If you just send constant voltage, the currend will start from low, becam high and at the end will lower again. (if you don't want to invest and/or do it seriously, it is the better option) If you send constant current, you will get high voltage at beginning and at the end, that will damage your anode. Thus, it is important to have power supply with constant current AND limited voltage (example 5.5Volts).

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  @valfodr Жыл бұрын

  @@feanorforges I have found one that looks exactly like yours and goes for quite cheap, it allows both current and voltage regulation. What wattage should I get? I see for your cell you are using a maximum of 6 volts and 90 amps

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  ​@@valfodr Your PSU wattage should be linked to your anode surface. (you understand that an anode of 100Cm square need other psu than 10Cm²) You really should read my ebay's page and PDF about that, you'll have all informations. And this PSU is 40Amps. The voltage is just a limitation, in good production conditions, for perchlorate, the voltage between electrodes would never rise above 4.0V but with a high current density, connection reistance and shape of anode, the voltage AT PSU could rise over, near 5.5/6VDC.

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  @valfodr Жыл бұрын

  @@feanorforges Wow I had checked your eBay but totally missed the PDF. It's very exhaustive, thank you for the tips

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  @feanorforges Жыл бұрын

  @@valfodr I'm mounting my website which will be finish in some weeks, with more products than on ebay, and maybe PSU if people need, maybe some chemicals too : www.feanor-lab.com

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  @AliceMatha Жыл бұрын

  dangerous saint

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  @VanKrumm Жыл бұрын

  Shoot I used too much persulfate and now the chlorate/perchlorate brine is very low ph. Is it buggered or can we increase the ph with something else? Sodium hydroxide perhaps?

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  @GamePro-vc2vq Жыл бұрын

  Why do you have 3 electrodes why wont 2 do the trick

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  @alexandregabrielcaldeiraco1987 Жыл бұрын

  I like your banner

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  @chemistryofquestionablequa6252 Жыл бұрын

  2 cathode in this arrangement maximizes the efficiency by using both sides of the anode. 2 works, 3 is better.