Texas chemical engineer here. not sure if you touched on this but a big reason we import oil to texas is due to texas’ unique oil refineries built to refine heavy hydrocarbons and generally “nasty oil”. many countries have no means of refining their oil and will sell there crude for cheap to the few countries that can refine it.

@eudofia

2 ай бұрын

Exactly right. I just replied to a user above who erroneously said it was more expensive to import crude. As you mentioned, US refineries are designed for the heavy crude, and heavy crude is sold at a discount in the international market.

@letsburn00

2 ай бұрын

It's also a case of its near(ish) to a lot of heavy crudes to the south. It's funny, because where I'm from (Australia) there is just loads of gas and LPG.

@maxheadrom3088

2 ай бұрын

Thicker oil have longer chain hydrocarbons, correct? Aren't they better fort making plastics and lubricants?

@eudofia

2 ай бұрын

@@maxheadrom3088 @maxheadrom3088 Correct. I think it has been touched on somewhere in this comments section.

@PatrickKniesler

2 ай бұрын

Sounds like chocolate to me.

The United States has light sweet crude oil. Which refines almost one for one into gasoline. A little less into kerosene. We import heavy crude because you can get gasoline, diesel, kerosene, carbon chains used in plastics and even fine sand used in pool filters we get from heavy crude.

@jieddo1

2 ай бұрын

This is the correct answer!

@longtimber1

Ай бұрын

LTO aka shale oil is unconventional. So it's about Real crude vs LTO

@user-dq4jk2dd3d

Ай бұрын

Gasoline and propane also butane. Popular fuel from Car to cookout grilling also butane for lighter to ignition. From light brown crude oil in America.

@calbowa

Ай бұрын

Is also because lots of us refineries are set up to refine heavy crudes not light crude like WTI

@ranger178

10 күн бұрын

the refineries i worked out said they only get 1/3 gasoline and 1/3 diesel or number 2 fuel oil and everything else from tar to butane is the remainder, so they take a lot of the diesel and run it through crackers to make it into gasoline.

All oil is not equal in chemical composition, hence not all oil can be used for the same purposes. Most of our oil is not fuel grade oil, although we do have sweet crude production. We trade our oil to countries that need what we have in exchange for the types of oil we need here in the U.S. There are also oils that are still to young to produce, the oil needs to cook a little bit longer. Oil and Natural Gas are the result of natural geologic processes, and as long as those processes continue, this planet will never run out of oil and natural gas.

So 👉👈, what’s it gonna take to open those other 946 nuclear power plants!?

@Thor-Orion

11 күн бұрын

We want nuclear power! I need these nuka boys to give me a fusion reactor to power my Time Machine!

@san1eong

4 күн бұрын

That’s not gonna happen. On PA, there is a plant nearby that has two towers, they deactivated one and looking to shutdown the 2nd one. Nuclear is not profitable.

@warponoob3315

23 сағат бұрын

Nuclear plants aren't really a solution

@eciekoc

17 сағат бұрын

@@warponoob3315 Yes they are. The technology is there, the fuel is there. There is no other option that can handle the unprecedented demands of electricity that we have today.

Your explanation of refineries leaves out an important detail: you can’t make all the products from any one kind of oil. To continue with your analogy, strawberry oil can only make butane, propane and gasoline, while chocolate oil can also make gasoline, but is the only thing that can make airplane fuel and bunker oil. Heavy oil makes heavy products, light oil makes light products. You can’t get everything we use from either kind.

@kingofnothing2260

2 ай бұрын

Cracking hydrocarbon chains into different lengths is all they are doing, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, and plastics creation are all from the same oil

@petemulhearn7787

2 ай бұрын

I agree. My first job when I left school in the 1960s was working in a UK oil refinery and the first area I worked on what what we called Products Blending where we mixed different types of petroleum (crude) from various parts of the world to get the optimum output for the market. I remember that the Saudi crude for instance, was so viscus it had to be heated with steam before it could be moved along pipelines whereas other crudes could be as thin as lubricating oil. But the one factor that always seems absent from the "stop drilling oil" advocates is plastic and the world's total reliance on it. I'm not talking about plastic bags but electrical insulation plastics. Stop pumping crude oil and there's no more plastic insulation because its made from crude oil and that means no electricity, none, anywhere, from any source. No electricity means not only no communications but no water, no modern drugs, no food, no commercial transport, etc, etc. The world's population, at least the very few that survived, would revert to the pre industrial era. Stop pumping crude oil and global warming becomes just a minor inconvenience.

@paulwolf8444

2 ай бұрын

Substitute won't for can't.

@loosecannon6852

2 ай бұрын

@@petemulhearn7787 It's amazing how short sighted most people are. I'm probably a bit younger than you, but I can still remember the time when absolutely everything wasn't made of plastics.

@originaljjvvideo2979

2 ай бұрын

​@kingofnothing2260 only real difference is cost of refining the different types of oil example heavy or light refining bitumen is cost and water consuming but yes not much difference in the carbon chain fracking produces lots of condensate very volatile fluid good for military weapons jet fuel

We will need oil even if it is no longer fuel. Still need it for medial supplies, lubricant's, computer parts, car parts, etc.

@ronvandereerden4714

2 ай бұрын

All those things can be produced without oil. Oil has just been the easiest way. As the bottom falls out of the fossil fuel market oil may not remain the easiest and cheapest source.

@jghifiversveiws8729

2 ай бұрын

Elemental sulfur is probably the most important usage, with over 90% of sulfur supply coming from the desulfurization process. Where would we be witthout the "king chemical" sulfuric acid.

@don-cw1yz

2 ай бұрын

@@ronvandereerden4714 The primary ingredient in tyres is oil. Think asphalt shingles on house roofs, waterproofing materials in construction, plastics, some pharmaceuticals etc . We will always need oil.

@bricefleckenstein9666

2 ай бұрын

Feed stock for Plastics - and no "ronvendereerder4714" Oil can NOT easily be replaced for that usage, even by Coal which is the next best option.

@danielcarroll3358

2 ай бұрын

Twenty years ago the head of the International Energy Agency, a UN agency, was in my office talking to a Saudi official. He said, "Petroleum is such useful stuff. You can make plastics, drugs, all kinds of stuff out of it. And do you know what we do with most of it? We burn it up."

Around here (Delaware River), once home to the largest oil refining complex on the East Coast, eight refineries at its peak, only four remain due to deindustrialization and foreign competition. They import tons of crude from Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Angola, Venezuela, Mexico, Norway, Scotland, Iraq, Newfoundland, Canada, Colombia, Gabon, Congo, Chad, and the former Soviet Union. Those refineries here were built to handle those types of crudes along with crude from Texas.

Transfer of wealth usually occur during market crash, so the more stocks drop, the more I buy, in the meanwhile I'm just focused on making better investments and earning more as recession fear increases, apparently there are strategies to 3x gains in this present market cos I read of someone that pulled a profit of $350k within 6months, and it would really help if you could make a video covering these strategies.

@Pamela.jess.245

27 күн бұрын

Understanding personal finances and investing will most likely lead to greater financial independence. By being knowledgeable about money and investing, individuals can make informed decisions about how to save, spend, and invest their money or you could hire a financial expert.

@libbybollinger5901

25 күн бұрын

God, I love the smell of bots in the morning.

@harmanaulakh7529

24 күн бұрын

Mhmmm love bots

@talisikid1618

17 күн бұрын

It’ll just get you taxed a lot more. The wealth will be redistributed to maintain society. Rent seeking and profiting from the misfortune of others will become a lot more unpopular.

@gigantopithecus8254

4 күн бұрын

@@libbybollinger5901i think you commenting this causes the bots to stop

How can you not mention the Jones Act? This plays a HUGE part in why the US exports and imports rather than moving it around our own country

@kucz

2 ай бұрын

Hey Luke! Thanks for pointing this out. You're correct that the Jones Act impacts why the US can't easily ship oil from places like Texas to different parts of the country without a pipeline. This isn't the only reason oil is swapped with other countries-as outlined in the video-but the limitations on shipments between American ports are yet another economic reason to import oil. Quite frankly, I meant to include this in the video, but I missed this point. To hopefully pick up this slack a little bit, albeit in a comment, here's some info on the Jones Act for those interested: The Jones Act is a US federal law from 1920 that requires goods shipped between two American ports (e.g. Texas to California) to be shipped on an American built, owned, and operated vessel. (Interestingly, the ship at the beginning of the video is one such ship called the "Texas Voyager" which is Jones Act compliant.) This rule, intended to protect domestic shipping interests, effectively limits the competition on these trade routes, which can lead to higher costs. Evidently, it's not always too expensive to comply, as some oil tankers do, in fact, move between American ports. But sometimes this extra cost can make the difference. So, as I mentioned in the video, oil refiners generally will take the cheaper option, and the Jones Act is one more reason it can be more expensive to use American oil. I hope this helps, and my apologies for not including it in the main video! - Nathan

@MTMind69

2 ай бұрын

@@kuczgreat reply. you should consider doing a video on the Jones Act, raising awareness to the economic problems its causing.

@johnham8824

2 ай бұрын

left out zionist organized crime controls oil and gas in the usa ,except for tex.

@gregallen7045

2 ай бұрын

Gotta protect those overpriced unions

@MorningNapalm

2 ай бұрын

Gotta export all jobs to the lowest foreign bidder? @@gregallen7045

I have worked in the oil and gas industry for years. When you talk about strawberry and chocolate oil you are somewhat mistaken. The difference is what they call heavy oil (Bitumen) and thin light crude oil. The technology to modify heavy oil into thin light crude oil exists and we use it in Canada a lot. We process it in an upgrader and then it can be refined in a regular refinery.

@donaldkasper8346

2 ай бұрын

Called catalytic cracking of the heavier crude. Main issue is sulfur content for refineries.

@vickclash7955

2 ай бұрын

Process the oil to lighter one have been there for ages, you don’t call it tech!

@donaldkasper8346

2 ай бұрын

@@vickclash7955 Very high tech. Chemical engineering tech. Involves PT relations and catalysts.

@roots4x

2 ай бұрын

@@vickclash7955 "Tech" is simply something man-made that we use to create something that otherwise wouldn't exist. It has nothing to do with how new or innovative it is. It's short for technology.

@Fastlan3

2 ай бұрын

That idea was covered... The U.S. doesn't currently really have such, and political is against investing in creating those different refineries. Am I mistaken?

An interesting observation: the OPEC embargo was the 1973-74 winter, we waited in long lines to buy fuel. Alaska wasn't producing much oil yet, the pipeline was under construction. In May, 1974 we left Tacoma, WA for Fairbanks, AK. No gas shortages in Canada; it was man-made by US politicians and bureaucrats. Same thing in 1975, traveling from VA to CA, time was limited because I was taking my family home before I left for Germany (US Army). Got to Barstow, CA, middle of nowhere, need gas. Signs say no gas so I asked when they expected the tanker; he replied that they had plenty of gas but government regulations set limits on what they could sell each day. At midnight they opened the pumps for a new day.

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

John Hoffmeister, ex-Shell oil CEO, said that the "gas crises" in America were a result of American drivers insisting filling their gas tanks more often in face of supply disruptions -- that the problems were mostly caused by hoarding.

@michaelbenardo5695

6 күн бұрын

I remember that. The radical environmentalists had infiltrated the government and were running a test to see if they could convince the public that traditional American cars are "bad" and small foreign cars are the Savior of the world, and they are totally indifferent as to the jobs they destroyed.

We need new refineries...desinged to process more of our oil

@legendaryz_ch

Ай бұрын

A new cancer valley lets go

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

@@legendaryz_ch Illinois refused to allow new refinery there a few years ago...

@waynevan7050

Ай бұрын

@@legendaryz_ch Cold and heat kill much faster than cancer.

@bigjohnson7415

25 күн бұрын

Can they build one in your back yard?

@colemanjr

25 күн бұрын

I agree but that COST!! Doing some research I read it can cost from $5 to 15 billion dollars. And that is just one!

The strawberry and chocolate analogy is good, but you could have also used the real technical terms in tandem for real informative and educational value

@maxhugen

2 ай бұрын

The "strawberry and chocolate" bit was fine for kids 10 and under... but really... "light" and "heavy" oils and their relevance to refineries can be quite easily explained.

@bobb.6393

2 ай бұрын

@@maxhugenchocolate covered strawberries

@jtjones4081

2 ай бұрын

EIA Annual Energy Outlook sees production of crude oil and distillates remaining at current levels (around 12-13 mmbd) through 2050. Even that seems very optimistic.

@JJVPYOU

2 ай бұрын

​@maxhugen There's more than just heavy and light oil. There's also sour and sweet oil. Some refineries use a blend of oils to get a mixture they can process. Some refineries can only process sweet oil and others can process both sweet and sour. Those refineries are more complex. Marathon refinery in Texas City is an example of a very complex refinery.

@AlokSharma1

2 ай бұрын

You know I guess he is just trying to white wash shale oil and it’s very sour if I m not wrong which results in higher corrosion of vessels and lines also it’s highly polluting in comparison to sweet crude. It just feels like another propaganda news piece from shale oil lobby

Canadian crude is too thick to be pumped through the pipeline to U.S. refineries, so light oil must be shipped to Aberta to be mixed with Canadian crude so it can be pumped to the southern U.S. to be refined .

@oadka

2 ай бұрын

damn that's an interesting tidbit.

@paulmaxwell8851

Ай бұрын

In fact, 'condensate', which is a naphtha product derived from natural gas, is mixed with heavy tar sand crude at 35% (two parts crude, one part diluent) to make it 'pumpable'. The resulting blend is called 'dilbit' or diluted bitumin. To my knowledge, all condensate is Canadian. We ship 95% of all dilbit to the U.S. because Canada never invested in the refining technology needed to deal with heavy bitumin.

@mrMacGoover

Ай бұрын

@@paulmaxwell8851 Naphtha!....that's the light oil I was trying to think of when I made my comment but was having a brain fart at the time .😄 Thank you for your input on this subject! It's interesting that we in Canada have all the necessary additives to refine our own crude for transport through pipeline to out own refineries but we don't refine enough of our own to have cheaper fuel, one main reason being that we have the world superpower to our south that would get pretty pissed off if we stopped pumping enough crude to their refineries in the south to sustain their needs, and we don't have the military capacity to stand our ground if we get on the bad side of the U.S.

@normantrapp9689

26 күн бұрын

Americans should be buying from Canadians our little brothers instead of people half way around the world who hate both of us

@tonybarracuda3505

21 күн бұрын

@@oadkato bad it’s not true 🤷‍♂️

I remember when I just got into crypto back in 2019 but later in 2020 I ended up selling it because I was dumb and I didn't understand it. I studied and learned and now I know how it works. Got back into crypto early in 2023 with 10k and I'm up with 244k in a short period of time .This comment serves as motivation for all those who have invested and continue to invest in cryptocurrencies with so many losses, do not give up, cryptocurrencies can change your life. Do your best to connect with the right people and you will surely see changes.

@AlfredoMoren

28 күн бұрын

yeah investment is the key to sustaining your financial longevity but venturing into any legitimate Investment without a proper guidance of an expert can lead to a great loss too

@JasmineFoster-uh4zz

28 күн бұрын

I would highly recommend Professional Chrissy Barymoer his strategies are just great especially for novice in this stock field

@LaurenPhina

28 күн бұрын

wanted to trade, but I got discouraged with the market price fluctuations

@LaurenPhina

28 күн бұрын

Can you recommend a guide for me?

@adakkristinn

28 күн бұрын

Haven't you heard of Expert Chrissy Barymoer ?He gives excellent guide on the right stock with high dividend

Oil extracted here is already promised to foreign customers. The price of oil products depends on processing capacity. Fewer plants guarantee higher prices & higher prices mean much more profit from reduced production, & all the costs that go with it. Export means filling tank cars & sending them directly to ports along the shoreline. Simplicity.

Since US oil is freely traded, it goes to the highest bidder which isn’t necessarily a US refinery. It can be cheaper for US refiners to purchase foreign crude rather than domestic.

@mynameisgladiator1933

2 ай бұрын

US Crude is generally better.

@YoungMesrine

2 ай бұрын

​@@mynameisgladiator1933 No it's not.

@j4genius961

2 ай бұрын

@@mynameisgladiator1933 Crude oil is crude oil my dude, no matter where it's drilled🤣

@wajutiem08

2 ай бұрын

​@j4genius961 I thought there was a high-quality crude oil called " sweet crude oil 🛢." What is that all about???

@chillxxx241

2 ай бұрын

@@j4genius961That is not true at all.

The massive amount of oil produced from the Baaken Field in N Dakota isn't oily at all. Industry parlance calls it "condensate" {the stuff that condenses in natgas pipes} or "natural gasoline"-stuff that is even thinner than diesel.

@lauramater628

2 ай бұрын

I spent 8 yrs in north dakota hauling oil and working on neighbors rigs I made some Good money. I miss the money.

@neonjoe6180

Ай бұрын

The old pumpers called natural gas condensate "drip" It would run a gas engine, but if didn't add some oil it would lock an engine up.

@jackprier7727

Ай бұрын

@@neonjoe6180 yeah--the drips condensed inside the top of cold steel pipelines- Not much for "oil" but it sure blows up easy {Lac Magantic, Quebec}-

Love the graphics. You put a ton of work and imagination into this video. Thank you.

Oh man, another good video from Morning Brew. Didn’t expect much when this this channel started but now I’m sold on this channel Good and relevant topic, well explained, and nicely edited with graphs and other things

There is a new refinery in Odessa, Tx. (Midland) that refines sweet oil.

@BigEightiesNewWave

11 күн бұрын

SWEET!

Sometimes oversimplifying things ends up straying from the meaning. California policy has made it so difficult to pump oil out of the ground that there is no economic way it can compete with foreign oil. The Biden administration's ban on expanded pipelines means that any additional domestically sourced oil absolutely cannot be used in America as the transfer apparatus is already at capacity. The Biden promise to shut down the fossil fuel industry in 10 years means that there is no reasonable source of funds to modernize existing refineries. The Jones Act also prevents domestic oil from being moved by ship to excess refining capacity and there is only so much trains and trucking can do while still making any economic sense. Trying to explain this topic with any degree of accuracy without a comprehensive analysis of the broken US political system is impossible.

@scottcarr3264

2 ай бұрын

So you are saying that it is more a Political Question than a Practical one. Yeah, Nobody can deal with California, It should just be DELETED from the American number of States, and Go back to 49 States, Because they are not worth the Problems Involved.

@clark4797

2 ай бұрын

A simple clarification on the Jones Act. It simply starts that foreign ships cannot transfer anything from 1 US port to another US port. This law needs to be abridged to allow the use of foreign-flagged ships to carry US goods within the US waterways when needed.

@dond2150

2 ай бұрын

Thank you, well stated

@henryhill3778

2 ай бұрын

Excellent! Thank YOU !

@skipads5141

2 ай бұрын

Why should there be government funds (your money) for private profit companies, especially gigantic profit companies? F them if they can't compete. That's how capitalism works.

GR8 way to explain sweet & heavy crude. U get more from heavy but production volume is cheap w/ sweet. @ least that's what was explained to me by people who have spent their lives, @ all levels, in the trade. Many thanx 👍👍

I had a while lot of misconceptions. Thanks for clearing a few things.

This is a well done video and one of the few that accurately attributes the fracking revolution to the genius of a Greek immigrant named George Michell. I am a third generation independent oil producer it needs to tell viewers that the last generation refineries were built in US in the 1970s when it was widely believed US oil production of strawberry or sweet crude oil with low levels of sulphur had peaked. Therefore these refineries must be designed to process chocolate crude oil which is high sulphur crude oil requiring stainless steel for corrosion control and is more expensive.

@SuperReznative

2 ай бұрын

..and then there's those pesky wars , going on. Humbly repent and know Jesus everyone, His shed blood payed the price of sin, is the only way to God and eternity in heaven.

@willaimoconnell9430

2 ай бұрын

If one is going to refine Canadian tar and Venezuelan heavy crude. In addition, most refineries go 1 -2 years between process turnarounds so citing the orignal data of construction is quite misleading

@fredm.7145

2 ай бұрын

And like everything else in the U.S. profits supersede everything including our security, and survival as a nation.

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

Thanks for the clarification, JohnMills.

@OliverdeClisson

11 күн бұрын

why were no new refineries built since the 1970s?

Nigeria''s Dangote refinery will be refining some of these oil.

@Pernection

2 ай бұрын

Albeit most inefficient.

Outstanding Presentation! I happily subscribed to your channel after seeing this video a few seconds ago.

love your illustrations, so much better than stock photos!

Why do you have over 100K views and only 54K subscribers? I actually learned something here and I'm going to subscribe! 😀

@michaelcooke8989

2 ай бұрын

Me to awasome info

@rickypv2978

Ай бұрын

104k subs now 🤗

The map is wrong - it's showing California and Rockes oil as being unuseable, in actual fact Arco has a LOT of refining capacity in California and a lot of our oil from the North Slope of Alaska and the Rockies gets fed into those refineries, along with Arco's own production in California.

@whiskeysk

Ай бұрын

the whole research behind the video seems dubious, e.g. why would you show Oman as a significant oil producer and omit Kuwait in the graph at 0:45 when Kuwait produces 20x as much...

@marshallcj1

24 күн бұрын

It's as if these millennials get fractured, half truths from Google and make these "as a matter of fact" videos like they're experts

Oil crunch in the U.S.A was in the 1970s not 1980s. I remember waiting in long lines early in the morning to get gas for my car to travel to college.

Heavy sour crude (foreign) vs. the WTI sweet stuff (us) can easily be fixed by Canadian tar sand heavy bitumen, & domestic heavy sour from the Gulf Mex & North Slope.

I have been pointing this out for years. Oil is one of the US's top three exports but also one of our top three IMPORTS. One reason is that WTI grade crude is virtually useless for diesel fuel and other heavy products. Most large scale transportation and freight rely on diesel. Trucks, trains, buses, boats, barges all use diesel. Yes, we could get diesel from WTI but it takes far more processing, which is far more expensive. Then you also divert oil refining from gasoline to diesel, reducing the gasoline supply and driving up the cost of gasoline and other products. When oil increases in price, it causes EVERYTHING else to go up. Know who else uses lots of diesel? The US military. More than any other entity on earth. More than most countries. If we stopped importing oil, then we would have no profit motive to instigate wars in the Middle East and beyond.

@anvilsvs

Ай бұрын

Someone who understands that EVERYTHING is priced on the cost of oil.

lol the editing with you in the little boat on the graph, that just made my day

Ultimately in the end the shuffleing is how they control the the priceing.. When I was in High school ( im 80 now😅😅) I lived in south Texas just miles from Matamoros Mexico border town at Brownsville. We had the cheapest gas in America because the petroleum was driven across the border in tanker trucks 24/7 in a big.U turn circle into Mexico and ( imported back) into the Us and our gas was 12.9 cents a gallon for regular and 14.9 cents a gal for premiem. ( They didn't have no lead yet. It was great cause we were in the heyday of monster engine muscle cars.. It was a tax slight of hand trick. And diesel was protected by the DOE national cap to garantee the continued flow of US comerce. It was 9cents a galon for agg and rail and truckers. All us comodities move by diesel. Rail river( barges) and trucks. Right now the Mississippi is so low that barge traffic is highly difficult. If that river dries up it will cripple the largest supply chain in our country. No way trucking can meet the demand. Its a true crisis they aren't even mentioning it to the populas.Typical of our government. They never tell us about the real problems That would cause nation wide financial colapse and famin.( Not really important 😂) Dandahermit

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

> " They never tell us about the real problems " Funny thing about our media, eh...

@dmillionaire7

6 күн бұрын

Wow thanks for the info

The Alaskan, while plentiful, is also sour oil, which requires more refining.

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

The American refineries are good for sour oil, which Venezuela also has.

@glennshoemake4200

25 күн бұрын

The Alaskan oil refinery was in North Pole which was the town that I grew up in and I remember that almost everyone's father at school used to work for the Oil refinery or was in the Military. One of my friends dad was a Cobra Helicopter pilot and he used to fly overhead many times. Fun place to grow up and we never had the oil crisis of the late 70s and early 80s because of the oil refinery.

California government is working on shutting down all oil production in the state, so eventually almost all oil will have to be imported at international market prices into the state, raising prices for everything more than it already is.

@strawdemindset

2 ай бұрын

Source? Only one I saw got shut down recently was because of COVID demand issues.

@wajutiem08

2 ай бұрын

Dang 😂 What is wrong with American politicians??? I thought African and Banana Republics were bad. American politicians have gone ROGUE. Take for example $94 billion dollars to ISRAEL 🇮🇱 and UKRAINE 🇺🇦. Most Americans don't agree but the politicians from both parties are pushing it. Even those opposing it are doing so out of pretext to appear they care about the borders. Even those congressmen who outrighly oppose the International aid may be the "controlled opposition ". They are there to make the population feel at ease that the system works. 😅😅😅😅😅

@snapon666

2 ай бұрын

these people do not realize they are burning Russian oil in their cars in commiefornia ..oil from Russia -to India/refined-shipped to commiefornia

@snapon666

2 ай бұрын

@@strawdemindset greasy gruesome newsom has been systematically closing down oil production refining and any industry that uses chemicals like the chrome plating industry since he got in office to thye point that Chevron is leaving the state it's home state

@JoeSmith-cy9wj

2 ай бұрын

​​@@snapon666Excellent! It's about time we weaned ourselves off these toxic and destructive industries. If humanity survives it will have to reset from these dead end technologies, which only destroy the environment and peoples health.

Not all refineries run off Heavy crude. Most of the inland refineries have been using light crudes. It is the ones on the coast that use them.

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

Thanks for that; I think in Texas, some oil is sweet, and other is sour....

Nice job! Very informative! As a 74 year old, energy independence means a great deal to me because I vividly remember when I purchased a locked gas cap for my car to prevent thieves from siphoning gasoline out of my tank. It was real. It did happen to me. And it happened immediately after the US was boycotted by other countries. So, I lived through this and will NOT forget it. I understand your points, but please do not underestimate how people view their real life experiences.

@gnosticallyspeaking3544

2 ай бұрын

I remember it also. I just got my drivers license and then shortly we had the odd/even gas plan. You could only buy the very expensive gas on the day your plate matched odd or even. I remember friends and I were trying to figure out a way to siphon gas from the station's underground tanks. Oil independence is nice. But you only got what you got. So using it wisely is important. In WW2, US had a big advantage over Germany and Japan thanks to Texas oil which those two countries could not match. Probably going to be another troubled time when having the right resources will give the advantage. Maybe it'll be the US again. Maybe not.

@thetacokawaii5708

8 күн бұрын

EVs will phase out oil whether you like it or not.

@michaelbenardo5695

6 күн бұрын

Electric cars will reduce oil demand, maybe sharply, but you still need lubricants and some fuels. Not all of us want an electric car.

@thetacokawaii5708

6 күн бұрын

@@michaelbenardo5695 you will buy an EV and be happy.

@thetacokawaii5708

6 күн бұрын

@@michaelbenardo5695 you will own an EV and be happy

Thank you for an unbiased point of view. Refreshing change on KZread these days. 🙂👍

The north slope floats on oil. We have massive reserves. I don't think we know how big as drilling isn't allowed in many places.

@scottcarr3264

2 ай бұрын

There you go POLITICS again.

@accuratealloys

2 ай бұрын

Well politics is the deciding factor so how do you not address politics?

@okgroomer1966

2 ай бұрын

@@scottcarr3264 How exactly do we run our society and make decisions? Politics you say? 🤯Every major issue is drowning in politics. You can't ignore it unless you want to have the understanding of a child.

@2hotflavored666

2 ай бұрын

@@okgroomer1966 No shit. Without politics there wouldn't be a society, much less Democracy.

@ThomasLee123

2 ай бұрын

@@accuratealloys Truth! By "Politics" people mean "leftist politics"! Which means recession! The right is almost always "pro-drilling' pro-consumer, pro-family, pro-business!

Oil is not just one commodity we export light sweet crude that our refineries can’t use and import the heavy sour crude we can. The problem is stupid government regulations that make new refineries almost impossible to build!

@rome79735

2 ай бұрын

Thank the EPA for that.

@jonbender9110

2 ай бұрын

There is a refinery that does handle sour crude and that one is the Delaware City Refinery in Delaware. I have heard that there are a couple of other refineries that can.

@HolyCrap-cz6vs

Ай бұрын

I also thank the EPA for clean drinking water and air that you can’t see (see India and China).

@stefanl5183

Ай бұрын

Yep, the most scary words, "I'm from the government, and I'm here to help"!

@rome79735

Ай бұрын

@@stefanl5183 Indeed! Do not trust them, I don't.

Chemical Engineer here, all 35 years of my experience has been in petroleum refining. Your video is surprisingly accurate but somewhat misleading. Economics and environmental permits/regulations are driving 95% of the decisions. It's just cheaper for a refinery to buy foreign oil than to spend $5 - 10 Billion (that's with a B) to convert just one refinery to American oil. In addition, it can easily take 5 - 10 years to get the permits that would allow you to make the conversion. And before the haters go off on "Yeah but refineries make $10 Billion a day" - they don't. Seasonally and during maintenance they can easily lose $10 MM plus per month. In addition, a refiner doesn't control the price of either its feedstocks or products, they float on their respective commodity markets so it's an incredibly high risk business with massive capital requirements and almost infinite liability. For comparison, imagine if Apple couldn't control the sales price of an iPhone.

Great video brotha lots of insightful information.

Nice analogy of chocolate (sour crude) and strawberry (sweet crude oil)

I remember reading an article years ago by an oil expert who said when we start to rely and use Shale Oil in great quantities then we're in the downslide of fossil fuels. He said it's too expensive to drill, is full of impurities and needs a ton of additives so when we start to use this instead of high grade oil it's a good indication that the industry has peaked. We entered the era of Resource Wars back in 1990, and it's why there's been so much conflict in the Middle East. If you look closely at all the countries that have some form of conflict also have gas or oil reserves. Even the current mess in Gaza, there is Gas at the heart of the issue. There are Natural Gas fields off the coast of Gaza, and I would say that is one of the reasons for the conflict in Gaza or why the Western world won't interfere. As Israel has already given drilling rights to some Western companies. In the future we're going to see further conflicts over precious metals, as well as water and food plus a plethora of other natural resources.

@yoko312

2 ай бұрын

Nearly all wars have always been about resources. What were they doing the past 6,000 years? It's bit of a stretch to say it's now an era of resource wars because "reasons".

@braydenleis4735

2 ай бұрын

There has been wars and fighting long before the 1990’s, since the ottomans were driven out and new lines were drawn by the allies. This is the real start of the mess. Most likely that article is very out of date. Techniques and me to odd improve with time and shale became much more abundant to the point of the USA still being oil neutral and being a leading exporter

@braydenleis4735

2 ай бұрын

You are really conflating correlation with causation with oil/gas being at the center of all the conflicts in that region. It also ignores ethnic tensions that have been there since forever

@Izokaytobewite

2 ай бұрын

You can thank the Obiden admin and demorats for our current and future catastrophic problems. They were in charge and implemented the policies that are causing every major poblems in the US.

@geofflepper3207

2 ай бұрын

​@@Izokaytobewite Democratic results like a booming economy, increaing wages, inflation caused by the invasion started by Trump's bromance partner now brought down, necessary overdue work on infrastructure being done, investments in the move away from fossil fuels to reduce long term climate change while still having American oil production hitting record levels to deal with things now when the terrorist Russian state is an unreliable supplier of fossil fuels to the world and legislation to better secure the border if Trump and Johnson would stop blocking the legislation. And of course a huge change from the President Trump era when Trump spouted hate for non-white people, Immigrants and refugees and emboldened white supremacist groups thus making non-white people feel unsafe. So exactly which of these improvements do you hate and why do you hate improvements to the country?

I worked on a US Flag tanker that brought crude oil from Prudhoe Bay Alaska to the west coast of the USA. We would only deliver crude oil there. A normal trip would be to take crude oil to Los Angles, California and then to Cherry Point, Washington. The crude oil was to be used for local refineries only.

Getting more into detail of the types of crude oil would've helped with the context as to why refineries can't just use any crude oil. One prime example, a lot of our gasoline and diesel fuel has to be made with imported crude from the North Sea (Brent Crude) because gasoline and diesel require light "sweet" crude which has a low sulfur content (sweet is used as a term for low sulfur crude). The only oil fields in the US that produce that are in West Texas and Pennsylvania and those fields are mostly tapped out. Fracking oil produced in the US is primarily heavy "sour" (high sulfur content) crude, which is fine for things like plastics, lubricants, etc but isn't economically feasible to refine into fuel. Gahwar field (Saudi Arabia) crude is light "sour" crude so can be refined into fuel though the process is more involved and costly to make fuel that meets EPA/EU emissions standards, but can produce fuel cheaply for countries with no emissions laws.

You are partly correct. If the political will is there we could build new plants to process what we produce.

@soothingsaturations9059

2 ай бұрын

We can already process everything we produce. The truth is it's about efficiency. Heavy crude makes more diesel, light crude makes more gasoline. That's the real reasons countries buy oil from each other. More efficient/profitable refining is attained by mixing to receive the highest quantity of the end product you want.

In college Geology classes it is described as old or aged oil and young oil, not strawberry / chocolate!

Dr. Ranjit got as close to the truth without touching the proverbial third rail as he could. I worked in the petroleum industry in Cali 1998-2022. When the enviro faithful got their hands on the political power, and Brown left politics, all the majors could see the hand writing on the wall- get out of oil business in Cali or we are coming for you. Aera ( Exxon/Shell held LLC) was recently sold they could not get out of Cali fast enough. Chevron probably is trying but can't unload except at a fire sale price. Same for refining, it is too risky to refine oil in Cali for the deep pocket companies. What's the result, Cali consumers pay $4.82/gal and midwest nearly $2 /gal cheaper. Residential electrical energy in Cali is twice the national average at 29 cents/KWH and continues to go up at an accelerated rate second highest in the nation excluding HI. How the EIA gets this ave. number for Cali I have no idea, the PGE rates are 38cents at the lowest and 62 cents at the highest per KWH. I have solar and pay 45-55 cents/KWH.

Man. Your graph game is on point.

Our refineries are able to use high sulfur crude whereas most refineries are not as efficient and not able to use it, oil is used for much more than just fuel. A fractional tower is used to crack the carbon chains into different products, at the bottom of the tower the heaviest products are pulled, asphalt tars etc at the top are the lightest products like ESTHERS ETHERS, and ALCOHOLS. WE produce lightsweet crude which is easiest to refine...

The US has enough oil to last at least another 500 years. There is over a trillion barrels of recoverable oil in Colorado alone. Utah, Idaho and Nevada also have large reserves that have never been touched. Natural gas reserves are much larger. States such as Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa have completely untouched reserves of natural gas. However, politics have prevented access to most of these massive reserves. There is now a law in MN that makes drilling for natural gas illegal.

@richardbergren6522

2 ай бұрын

#1 reason too many environmental laws about pipelines, refineries being built, & drilling .And forget oil companies want a shortage to keep prices higher for bigger profits

@Matt-yg8ub

2 ай бұрын

@@richardbergren6522 It’s a weird dynamic … oil and gas companies do want to keep prices high to make a profit (can’t say I blame them) but the supplies are so great that they can’t just buy up the supply and sit on it because they can’t …. So they turn to politics to make taping it illegal so no one else can do it till they change the laws in the future

@anotherJamesW

2 ай бұрын

Beginning to think oil companies like progressives because there are no real alternative energy sources and progressives like to keep energy costs higher than they need to be.

@phatmeow7764

2 ай бұрын

wow we could have ICE vehicles run on cheap domestic CNG/LNG then!

@JusticeAlways

2 ай бұрын

You should provide links to information proving that.

The best way to help the environment is to tackle "Heat Islands". Millions of square footage in unused/ abandoned buildings could be razed & replanted. San Antonio is an excellent example. More urban sprawl, the hotter it gets. US Navy proved it during WW2 in the Pacific.

This was pretty good right up to the point you started talking about strawberry and chocolate oil. The difference between light sweet crude vs heavy crude (viscosity, sulfur content, etc.) isn’t a difficult concept to grasp.

I remember being those gas lines in the 70s, I even have a presidential physical fitness award signed by Richard Nixon! 🤯😅

@SuperReznative

2 ай бұрын

Cool Know Jesus God loves you

If you ever do another video, please add some of the other super crucial factors that uphold this status quo - money/profit for a few vs cheap fuel for many (proudly sponsored by politics)

@mynameisgladiator1933

2 ай бұрын

Please don't encourage him.

Love this video! Entertaining and informative!

We were energy independent 4 years ago

@user-yl7qt4jm2d

22 күн бұрын

Those were the good old days

US Oil has been switched for UAE Oil since the 80's, goes out tax free, comes back enriched and also taxable, win win for OPEC & the PetroDollar.

@AndrewGarnerAdventures

2 ай бұрын

I been trying to get more ppl to understand that

we can be totally self sufficent

Yes, we need more refining here

Fun fact. A large portion of the oil in the dj basin looks like Mountain Dew. Also, American oil is so sweet that we blend it with Saudi oil to make it easier to refine

Sounds like we need to invent a telescopic (variable length) distillation column pack.

Extremely well made expose. Delightful to watch, informative and interesting. You sir, have scored a swish ❤

Whe I was a little kid back in the 1950-60’s growing up in western Nebraska, a lot of little towns, like Chadron NE, Sidney NE & Hot Springs SD, had their own little oil refineries for the local produced crude oil; the towns also had their own little (city owned) Coal Fired Power-plants, (since bigger is better) big business & competition plus Government Imposed environmental costs, are part of what caused the demise of those little refineries and power plants.

To make plastics heat is needed-fuel consumption. The same to make alcohol that is added to gasoline . Oil is also the product that plastic is made from

Let’s not forget that oil is priced in US dollars (petrol dollar) on foreign exchange markets. If the US stops buying then another country will step in perhaps nudging the dollar out as the world’s reserve currency. It’s nice being the world’s default currency (video idea). Good job here.

@henrylam92

2 ай бұрын

I was gonna mention the same. Buying oil from other countries makes those countries become dependent to the US. Also the Navy plays a big role as the world police for those trade routes

@fredm.7145

2 ай бұрын

The petrol dollar is do to an agreement we made with Saudi Arabia. The only accept dollars for their oil and we make ourselves responsible for their security. Unfortunately, Saudi Arabia is now accepting payment in other currencies. The petrol dollar's days are numbered.

@mas-udal-hassan9277

2 ай бұрын

​@@henrylam92 🤡

@FInalage2012

Ай бұрын

Being reserve currency allows US to run its debt up without worrying about having the reserves to cover the costs. It’s amazing deal compared to what other countries have to do to manage their finances but it makes us very irresponsible!

They are importing oils and all rare earth materials so the US can have hegemony on energy, semiconductors, plastic, and fertilizer later when other countries export their resources for cheap money.

@Matt-yg8ub

2 ай бұрын

That’s part of it.

@fredm.7145

2 ай бұрын

And we export our resources for cheap money. What is your point.

Super interesting vid dude, thanks

This is really informative

Also we keep those reserves for the huge military we have to maintain. Those reserves are for wartime use only.

@churblefurbles

2 ай бұрын

No that is the SPR, which was drained by the irresponsible one.

@skoolzone

2 ай бұрын

Yes, but these days it’s for Ukraine war lol our governments run by idiots and traitors

@eugenecrawford14

2 ай бұрын

​@@churblefurblesdo you mean Joe Biden

@Sir_Galahad777

2 ай бұрын

Biden and ovomit both drained the oil reserves where president Trump filled them. The oil reserves are huge storage tanks

@gregallen7045

2 ай бұрын

We’re going to need it soon

Love the content. Refreshing to see proper journalism. I have a question, if I may. Namibia has recently been increasing oil production and it seems there are many players in Africa's newest oil rush. The US has recenty built a bunker of an embassy in Windhoek. No idea why such a statement needs to be made in a country which has about 2.5 million people. Perhaps it is because our former occupiers, South Africa, are now part of BRICS? Security or greed? Your data seems to favour the latter and our beautiful country will be destroyed by greed. Would be nice to see the players on the field and to see how the deals affect our small nation. We dont have the journalism that competes with your calibre. If anyone is interested in the story and needs to travel to Namibia. I will gladly assist.

@SuperReznative

2 ай бұрын

Will you assist immune response against . We are being censored in Canada now please share Commissioners Report released in Ottawa: #nationalcitizensinquiry

I like how you use basic animation illustrations instead of using expensive and specialized software.

This was great! Eye opening

Thank you for the video. Very educational. I always wondered about the very subject, relying on my own guesses (which were partially right based on your explanation). Now I know much better.

bro. we bring cold lake crude from Canada, because we need heavy oil, to produce asphalt and heavy oils, we mix this oil with Bakken oil from the Dakotas, wich is a lighter oil, to produce light products, such a s gasoline, diésel and jet fuel. bro.😂

@jerfacekilla

2 ай бұрын

Ummm .. if Canada lets us. After all, it is their oil. You talk like Canadian oil reserves are property of the USA. Hilarious.

Great video but somewhat misleading. Shale oil is “heavy crude” thick viscous etc. we sell it to get “light crude”. (Saudi, Nigeria). Light crude is much simpler and cheaper to process. All old refineries can easily process light crude. Back when built most oil was light variety. Heavy crude needs modern refitted refineries which we need to build more of. Edit. 😂 I guess strawberry and chocolate is a better way to describe light and heavy crude 🤔 Btw Canadian crude aka “tar sands” is a very heavy crude also hence “tar sands” 😉

Well, sounds like we need to start building refineries to process American oil..

Plenty of oil off Florida coast time to drill that first! See how you like those oil spills like everyone out west has to put up with!

"Barrel" was 42 gallons as a wine measure, with 40 net gallons and assuming 2 gallons will be lost to leaks and evaporation.

@henryhill3778

2 ай бұрын

If you're losing 2 gallons thru Evaporation and Leaks, what kind of barrels are they using? This is hillarious. REALITY CHECK... They don't actually use barrels!

The original talk was not to export US oil but the export oil products. A lot of producers of oil didn't have refineries, and so we could sell them gasoline and motor oil if they had sell us crude oil and in order to have the gasoline done and motor oil surpluses we had the imports of extra to pick up the difference. And then, of course, we got to using it all ourselves.

One concern about block-chain structures is the massive amount of energy required to run them.

@simontillson482

2 ай бұрын

That’s certainly true of Bitcoin and a few others, who use proof of work to add blocks. However, most blockchains now use storage instead of computation or other methods to verify new blocks. Energy usage for those is less than 1% of what Bitcoin uses, and very comparable to bank’s electronic money systems.

I helped build the South Texas a nuclear Project. The thing is close to 40 years old. Nuclear Power needs to be used.

@SuperReznative

2 ай бұрын

Deal with the radiation first

@philtimmons722

2 ай бұрын

Yeah, that was LAST Century. Things have moved on. Since Nukes are flat-line, they cannot hit the Texas Summer Daytime Peak (Air Conditioning) and then at night, the Nukes (and old Coal) go surplus and worthless, making them not profitable. Meanwhile New Silicon Solar PV cost less than 1/10th of a New Nuke -- and produce during the Daytime (that Peak thing again), along with being much faster, cleaner and lower risk. So in THIS Century, Texas is now mostly building New Solar.

Not an expert on these but the presentation was excellent.

Meridian Energy Group has new technology refineries geared for our oil, look it up. We can do it now.

Then a simple solution make refineries in the US that are based upon the types of oil that we extract. Do it with the tax write off to the refineries

No one expected US crude to double in output so there are no domestic refineries available to process all this sweet crude and you are not permitted build a new refinery so only option is to export it. Simple.

@chriauc2976

2 ай бұрын

Non permited ? When did that stop coorporate USA? TRY no good return on investment.

@SuperReznative

2 ай бұрын

Simple change the rules, and build better infrastructures here at home. Not depending on foreign shipping, especially during these war times . National security issue. Be independent and self reliant as a free people. Simple.

@Matt-yg8ub

2 ай бұрын

Yeah, that has a lot to do with it, the EPA won’t let us build the refineries

@Matt-yg8ub

2 ай бұрын

@@chriauc2976 have you met the EPA? Those guys are personally dedicated to the destruction of all things commercial or capitalistic in the mindless pursuit of their environmental religion.. They worship trees, and would rather see a bare field of sagebrush and the occasional wildflower, than a plowed field producing agriculture, and feeding the world.

California here. The other reason we don't use oil from the rest of the country, is we have no pipeline to transport said oil. There was talks of doing so during Trump, but we were transporting oil using rail going through the dangerous sierra mountains. remember East Palestine. and Canada is not a secure source. due to politics, Trudeau was thinking of cutting off supplies from Alberta. Luckily, due to politics, he was not allowed to build a pipeline to British Colombia to ship it off to another country and despite the opposition party of wanting to build a natural gas pipeline to the Eastern Part of Canada, Trudeau refuse to let that happen due to environmental reasons. But all this could change.

@ronblack7870

2 ай бұрын

it's idiotic what trudeau is doing. Alberta should just secede from canada. declare independence

@Joseph-ax999

Ай бұрын

Should we believe anything that Trudeau says?

@go4ride

Ай бұрын

With the rise of North Dakota crude, there are now trainload after trainload of crude in brand new tanker cars coming over the Cascades to the oil refineries in Anacortes, WA. This was lucky timing as crude from Alaska, brought in by ship has declined.

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

Those dastardly Canadians foil USA at every turn!

@slewone4905

23 күн бұрын

@@user-xq1wz3tp5z what foiling. We got their oil. What they wanted to do is have us process their dirty oil, and we get the blame for the Carbon emission. Canada screams environment, but they actually emits more CO2 per capita , than the US. We are just a larger nation.

Love the few on the beach in southern California... Packed. Fired. Can't hear. And oil refineries on and off shore 😅

where is the link to the EXPLAIN LIKE IM FIVE web site, thanks

The camera ops were on point here. My compliments to all who made this excellent footage of Donner Pass possible.

Mixing a little bit here, nuclear is usually used for electricity, while oil can be used for power, fuel, chemicals, heating, etc. electricity vs total energy need. Refiners could make a profit by using their refinery, while producers sell theirs on the free market.

@brucebarnes8138

2 ай бұрын

I disagree. Nuclear is needed to run electric cars. If cars go electric other forms of energy will not be enough.

@ateisme3752

2 ай бұрын

@@brucebarnes8138 I think the need to charge electric cars is a very little market for nuclear reactors. They just send baseload power to the grid.

@gregorymalchuk272

2 ай бұрын

Nuclear energy can provide the heat and hydrogen for oil refining, which would increase yield by 27%. Because we currently have to burn a portion of the oil residuals to get the heat and hydrogen for refining.

@Demopans5990

2 ай бұрын

@brucebarnes8138 If we have electrified rail networks and public transportation, then the only thing that would need to use duel would be trucks and ships as people themselves would to taking trains. France in particular, runs basically everything off nuclear without much need for electric cars

@jtjones4081

2 ай бұрын

US refineries can blend light sweet with heavy crude and easily process it. They make more money exporting the high quality US produced light sweet while we pay more at the pump. You’re being fooled.

Heard that in the late 1970s refineries switched from light sweet crude(which they were told that light sweet crude may not exist in major quantities) to heavy and super heavy crude which places like Russia has in abundance. Now that fracking has taken off the major reserves like the Baken reserve was generating light sweet crude and ultra light sweet crude, so refineries would have to revamp to be able to process the oil coming from these places. Two you have government regulations who wishes to severely restrict oil production in favor of so called Green energy, while selling the petroleum reserves to other countries.

Thanks, Morning Brew.

Here's another reason why this happens: you can only get so much finished product out of a barrel of crude. Oil from certain areas of the world result in higher yields of certain things like gasoline or heavy fuel oils. Our oil being thicker yield more heavy distillates, coke, fuel oils, etc. Whereas the US market demands more of the light end, aviation fuel, gasoline, propane. As well as dozens of byproducts like propane, napthas and gas feedstocks used in manufacturing. US refiners convert 49% of crude into gasoline, where our oil would yield significantly less.

@jtjones4081

2 ай бұрын

@johnjohn, ????? Frackers produce light sweet. What are you talking about? You’re defeating your own argument. We’re only producing around 13 million barrels of crude per day and the oil companies are exporting 3-4 million barrels per day of that. We consume over 16 million barrels of crude oil per day. Do the math. They want us to pay what Europeans pay for gasoline cause they make a boatload more profit. What’s happening is all BS, not America First, and they were doing the same under Trump.

Our light crude makes it possible for every component for device we all post comments from. The US has enough as of 2019 for at least 1000 years. Ive been poking holes in the ground for 20 years and oil isnt going anywhere

Some decades ago some people used to say that we should not deplete the US oil reserve. We should deplete foreign oil reserve first.

The US imports heavy sour crude to obtain sulfur for the production of fertilizers and chemicals and asphalt for roofing and road pavement. Nearly all US refineries are configured to refine a mix of light and heavy crude to provide local markets with sulfur, asphalt and refined petroleum products. Refineries are most efficient when operating at full capacity so the US refines crude for foreign distributors of petroleum products.

@user-xq1wz3tp5z

Ай бұрын

Thank you for illuminating details!