Why China has one of the Best Metros In the World

Автокөліктер мен көлік құралдары

I take a look at China's metro or subway system from a user perspective and share some of the many reasons why the system is highly functional, user friendly, and accessible for most of the population in Chinese cities. One thing I failed to mention in the video, but also goes a long way to making an accessible system, is affordability. The metro in China will at most cost you about 1 USD, if you take the longest route. Typically it'll cost you around 50 cents. What do you think about the subway here? How does it compare to public transit in your area?
Thank you for any support offered, monetary or otherwise.
Direct Support: paypal.me/crossingchina
/ ericwalkingjapan
www.buymeacoffee.com/ericgarr...
Follow me on Instagram: / crossingchina
Save money with Yotta (FDIC Insured Online Bank) and win a bunch of cash at the same time, join.withyotta.com. Use my referral code ERIC2827 when you sign up.
Scan my QR Code or use the following before you test drive or buy your NIO
China: / testing-or-nio-60882843
Europe: AZQYY8

Пікірлер: 1 100

  • @Eric_Garrison
    @Eric_Garrison Жыл бұрын

    Hi newcomers welcome to the channel. Glad to have you here. To anyone who got the impression that I was saying it is illegal for men to ride on women’s priority carriages, that’s not the intent of what I said. Sorry for the misunderstanding. For any men’s rights people here, thankfully most of your comments got ate by KZread’s filter. To anyone else that argues women shouldn’t have priority carriages, that’s fine for you to have an opinion, but this video is about accessibility primarily, and if women feel unsafe on the train to the point that they opt for other forms of transport, that limits accessibility. If men were to face similar levels of harassment then maybe we’d have the carriages for ourselves, until then, just try to respect the women’s only carriages and use them only if you need to. It’s not hard.

  • @willengel2458

    @willengel2458

    Жыл бұрын

    China is able to build their metros quick and efficient because most of the Metros in China are standardized, as to train model, number of carriages, and station size based on riders. CRCC has all the ACTUAL data on hand after they built a few and gains further experience when they build new lines. all the city planners have to do is select type of train, number of carriages, station size, routes, and station interior designs. CRCC manufactures all the rolling stocks and have experienced engineers, geologists, and workers to meet all their needs.

  • @Western_Decline

    @Western_Decline

    Жыл бұрын

    Amazing work. Subscribed. I’ve always been disappointed in Western Urban Planning channels, because they seem to forget that other nations exist.

  • @ChinaSongsCollection

    @ChinaSongsCollection

    Жыл бұрын

    That's a very good informative video you have. It's certainly different. Great job! 👍

  • @Trayten_Moriah

    @Trayten_Moriah

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for introducing Shenzhen metro. It's not wrong for anyone to enter the "WPC" carriages. Here's some local context. The so-called "WPC" at the front and end of the train has some history of mobility. Historically, there were crimes against women in mainland China. The provincial representative from Guangzhou proposed this carriage idea by learning from Japan (They thought this was somehow civilized). However, after a period of enforcing this in Shenzhen, the metro company found it was useless and also somewhat against the national laws. Moreover, the high crime rate in the metro was not the problem for Shenzhen. The metro company has openly explained that the sticker is only an open proposal and people do not have any liability to follow it. (But they cannot remove those stickers, the stickers decision was agreed by those provincial politicians) Later, by following the local's reflection, the front and end carriages have become low A/C carriages, which provide the preferred temperatures for women who are in menstruation period. Therefore, currently, this is a de facto preferenced carriage for women. Another thing is the unclear translation. The "优先" can be vaguely translated to "Priority", but it's not accurate. "优" - "good/good will", "先" - “in advance”. So I think the word is somewhere between "Priority" and "favor". I think the accurate translation for people who do not know the context is "Preferenced carriages for women".

  • @partyhu

    @partyhu

    Жыл бұрын

    女性优先,不是女性专用。而且,本身设计这种车厢,就是对女性的歧视,是没脑子的人想出来的。

  • @DrFortune5055
    @DrFortune5055 Жыл бұрын

    US: China's metro system looking like this is a threat to our National security.

  • @QQ-hp8mh

    @QQ-hp8mh

    Жыл бұрын

    🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

  • @kenyup7936

    @kenyup7936

    Жыл бұрын

    I’m Chinese Chinese , no politics here ok

  • @sunj8346

    @sunj8346

    Жыл бұрын

    sounds what China would say

  • @User-357dgjkitdvkkoohgj

    @User-357dgjkitdvkkoohgj

    Жыл бұрын

    Everything better MUST be a threat

  • @kenyup7936

    @kenyup7936

    Жыл бұрын

    Do be mean

  • @Jannikheu
    @Jannikheu Жыл бұрын

    This system really is much better than what we have in Germany...and cleaner also

  • @jungetschai5671

    @jungetschai5671

    Жыл бұрын

    Shanghais erste U-Bahn wurde mit deutscher Hilfe gebaut. Es ist die am perfektesten gestaltete Linie. Seitdem hat China Shanghais zweite U-Bahnlinie selbst entworfen und gebaut, aber es gab viele Probleme. Die Vorzüge der deutschen U-Bahn spiegeln sich nicht im Erscheinungsbild wider. Nicht sauber, nicht digitalisiert, das sind nur kleinere Probleme.

  • @Jannikheu

    @Jannikheu

    Жыл бұрын

    @@jungetschai5671 nicht sicher kommt noch oben drauf

  • @MrJohnson088

    @MrJohnson088

    Жыл бұрын

    @@jungetschai5671 In fact, China introduced train technologies such as Kawasaki Heavy Industries from Japan, Siemens from Germany, and Alstom from France in the early 21st century. This way they could compare the world's most advanced orbital technology at the time. After 20 years of practical experience and technological upgrades, China has integrated and iterated their superior technologies.

  • @blue-xb1cq

    @blue-xb1cq

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@MrJohnson088- same applies to the recent highspeed train series and the C919.

  • @blue-xb1cq

    @blue-xb1cq

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@jungetschai5671- The Wuppertal Schwebebahn is now 122 years old. A maglev version testing in China last year ... kzread.info/dash/bejne/k4yMu5WfZszaeNo.html ( permanent magnet - can levitate without power)

  • @weiwang2357
    @weiwang2357 Жыл бұрын

    I visited Shenzhen two weeks ago, and took my mom to take the subways. She was on wheel chair. The moment she cleared the security, the security already communicated using walkie talkies to the staff downstairs to get what they called “Ta bai” ready. It is a tri-fold easy-to-carry board used to cover the gap between a train door and the station floor. As the train arrived, and the door opened, two staff members laid the Ta-bai down to let my mom safely roll her wheelchair in. They did the same when my mom arrived and exited the train. They do this to all passengers on wheelchair. By the way, anyone over 60 can ride subway for free. Just bring an ID that shows your age.

  • @gainner5982

    @gainner5982

    Жыл бұрын

    Ta bai是个啥?

  • @windyerzou4060

    @windyerzou4060

    Жыл бұрын

    @@gainner5982 Ta ban,踏板,放在地铁门和站台间的板子。楼主看名字是个华裔,可能没怎么在国内带过,Tabai是他听错了或者深圳保安说的方言,但可能性不大。

  • @gainner5982

    @gainner5982

    Жыл бұрын

    @@windyerzou4060 你这一说我明白了 我还在想是不是某个粤语词汇

  • @kuroimae-ashihorbuch-kanal6537

    @kuroimae-ashihorbuch-kanal6537

    Жыл бұрын

    @weiwang2357 As far as I can say for Germany, our metro systems also offer ramps for physically disabled ones. But (typical of Germany, no money for staff :D ) it's the conductor of a train who has to set the ramp (for entering and leaving the train). Our stations mostly have no staff at all, not for short distance trains.

  • @davidrichards1741

    @davidrichards1741

    Жыл бұрын

    In my USA, the homeless just push granny in her wheelchair out in front of the train after robbing her, just another of the million urban crimes daily that go 99% unsolved & unpunished in US.

  • @fanchuendennistsang4569
    @fanchuendennistsang4569 Жыл бұрын

    For the people! That is why Chinese people so support their government.

  • @fannyalbi9040

    @fannyalbi9040

    Жыл бұрын

    to lift 1.4 billion people to better life in less than 5 decades. i will worship too 😂😅

  • @gegentibuhong2358

    @gegentibuhong2358

    Жыл бұрын

    谢谢,你是一个有思想的人。你了解这一部分真相

  • @Aapig

    @Aapig

    Жыл бұрын

    @fannyalbi9040 Not 5 years, it's been 50 years

  • @fannyalbi9040

    @fannyalbi9040

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Aapig did i say 5 years?

  • @fanchuendennistsang4569

    @fanchuendennistsang4569

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Aapig Poor Guy you don't know one decade equals 10 years!

  • @kennedy6618
    @kennedy6618 Жыл бұрын

    China not only have the best Subway, the safest and the most affordable as well!

  • @gunsumwong3948

    @gunsumwong3948

    Жыл бұрын

    And mobile connection and zoned air conditioning carriages are thrown in for free!

  • @kennedy6618

    @kennedy6618

    Жыл бұрын

    @@gunsumwong3948 I think safety is the top priority. Here in the US, the subway passengers are frequently face assaults, robberies and insults... it's a risk to use the subways throughout the cities, specially at nite.

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    Жыл бұрын

    No Chinese subway is ranked top overall, obviously.

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    Жыл бұрын

    @@kennedy6618it’s not a risk . Billions of journeys . Is driving a risk? More die in a car . Exactly. Only high anxiety , brsinwashed, fearful , KZread geeks are obsessed with safety. Get a grip , get on with life . Mass stabbing in China again. Should all kids be scared? Infrastructure in China collapsed on volleyball team. Everyone died. Should everyone be scared of buildings now? No , Exactly. Stop being so fearful

  • @kennedy6618

    @kennedy6618

    Жыл бұрын

    @@JohnSmith-sm7ez Who cares if you missed the bus?🤣😂

  • @greentraveler4114
    @greentraveler4114 Жыл бұрын

    there are 52 cities in China that have metro systems, that's really amazing.

  • @mortezamohammadi505

    @mortezamohammadi505

    Жыл бұрын

    That's a huge number Now imagine the cost that government put in, tax payer money well used imho Unlike my country

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mortezamohammadi505shame China has an appalling healthcare system and 144 th global ranking.

  • @User-357dgjkitdvkkoohgj

    @User-357dgjkitdvkkoohgj

    Жыл бұрын

    Only 52? I thought many more

  • @radizanakiz666

    @radizanakiz666

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@User-357dgjkitdvkkoohgj52 is a lot, most countries has less than 10

  • @pefsgk5092

    @pefsgk5092

    Жыл бұрын

    @@radizanakiz666 India has more subway systems than China...

  • @scottw4208
    @scottw4208 Жыл бұрын

    China is also the safest country in the world. Amazing country.

  • @mckendrick7672

    @mckendrick7672

    Жыл бұрын

    Safest? I would think Japan and South Korea to be safer. Some parts of China are safe, but the country is certainly not the safest in the world.

  • @scottw4208

    @scottw4208

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mckendrick7672You would be wrong. China, Singapore, and Kazakhstan are top 3.

  • @junyin5950

    @junyin5950

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mckendrick7672 There are still yakuza in Japan who walk around openly. China has cracked down on all triads. It is worth mentioning that every country has good people and bad people, but China's 1.5 billion people can do this is pretty impressive.

  • @ToiChutGongFlu

    @ToiChutGongFlu

    Жыл бұрын

    Im love being Chinese!! All nations in the world are loving China at new record high!!! 🤗 % who have a favorable view of China: -Australia: 15% -United Kingdom: 22% -Germany: 25% -Netherlands: 25% -Sweden: 14% -USA: 22% -Spain: 36% -France: 26% -Canada: 23% -Italy: 38% -Japan 9% -South Korea: 24% -North Korea: 100%

  • @frank-js9nf

    @frank-js9nf

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@mckendrick7672all china in any place are the same ,all quite safe

  • @fengz-x7z
    @fengz-x7z Жыл бұрын

    I have not seen a video explaining the Chinese subway system better than this video. Excellent job!

  • @Western_Decline

    @Western_Decline

    Жыл бұрын

    exactly. this video is top notch

  • @swizeus

    @swizeus

    Жыл бұрын

    that small detail like signs, coloring and diagram what makes the station so accessible

  • @tonz5566

    @tonz5566

    Жыл бұрын

    this is very similar to new Delhi or Mumbai. you should visit India too

  • @scooterbob4432

    @scooterbob4432

    Жыл бұрын

    No thugs roaming around beating, raping, robbing, stabbing and pushing commuters in front of incoming trains like in dirty New York City subways.

  • @h.n.3399

    @h.n.3399

    Жыл бұрын

    agreed! He used facts and relevant details, not just superfical " look". This is more organized,logical and informative.

  • @a9udn9u-vanced
    @a9udn9u-vanced Жыл бұрын

    On top of all this, it's much cheaper than public transportation in the USA

  • @i-eat-you

    @i-eat-you

    9 ай бұрын

    And more expensive than Dubai

  • @Crom21
    @Crom21 Жыл бұрын

    In fact, the government's willingness to put this much money into Subways amazed me.

  • @zhangyi5145

    @zhangyi5145

    Жыл бұрын

    ??? What the hell are you talking about, the government has to work for the people. Isn't that government's obligation to develop the infrastructure for the people? It's a dead bored norm, not a surprise.

  • @johnsmith-cw3wo

    @johnsmith-cw3wo

    Жыл бұрын

    @@zhangyi5145 the government have to work for the rich, help them get richer and then wait for all the wealth to trickle down to the rest.

  • @xabiermorales7781

    @xabiermorales7781

    Жыл бұрын

    @@johnsmith-cw3wo The trickle down theory is a fallacy fueled by American neoliberal crap. In practice that doesn't work, and those below, the majority, fight for a few crumbs of bread. A minority of hundreds of people have the same wealth as 50% of the population. It is something that comes from both the economic system (capitalism) and the neoliberal policies applied by those oligarchies. I hope your comment has a certain sarcastic touch, because there is nowhere to take it.

  • @xabiermorales7781

    @xabiermorales7781

    Жыл бұрын

    And even if that theory was correct, which it is not, it would be totally inhumane and immoral. It's ridiculous.

  • @johnsmith-cw3wo

    @johnsmith-cw3wo

    Жыл бұрын

    @@xabiermorales7781 We are waiting since Reagan... so I guess any day now.

  • @kevinchiu8832
    @kevinchiu8832 Жыл бұрын

    I am a Chinese living in Canada. I visited China in 2016. I was given a FREE local transit card to use because I was 61 years old. Imagine that happening else way👍👍👍

  • @LTBOA

    @LTBOA

    Жыл бұрын

    你用那张卡是非法的,你不是中国公民

  • @strasbourgerelsass1467

    @strasbourgerelsass1467

    11 ай бұрын

    Its happening in some European countries. And now? 🤷‍♂

  • @markosmataasii2000
    @markosmataasii2000 Жыл бұрын

    I think more than 45+ cities now in Mainland China have their own metro/subways. And the reason why China can build these impressive and effective metros is aside of economic of scale, they do implement the standardization of their metro/subway constructions. In fact not just metro, but basically most of infrastructures such as viaducts for high speed rail, bridges, etc. In fact, standardization reduces much of the cost of construction because they can just easily design the system based on the template they do have. I love how they focused much on the improvement of their public transportation which you also can see from their buses/BRT system, high speed rail that connects cities to cities and of course bikes.

  • @user-xw6lq7yt7l

    @user-xw6lq7yt7l

    Жыл бұрын

    51 cities have subways.

  • @prst99

    @prst99

    Жыл бұрын

    RMtransit has some good videos about Chinese metros.

  • @extraloveyang

    @extraloveyang

    Жыл бұрын

    High Speed Trains in China is another story, trust me

  • @davidrichards1741

    @davidrichards1741

    Жыл бұрын

    China built a subway line in Spain in 6 months, which is even faster than the 10 months in chengdu

  • @elimlinrr6898

    @elimlinrr6898

    11 ай бұрын

    China has 9 cities with subway systems longer than 400km. For comparison, New York is 399km long. The 9 cities are Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing.

  • @jdw777
    @jdw777 Жыл бұрын

    China understands that for a country to prosper, you must have transportation as #1 infrastructure.

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    Жыл бұрын

    How about social infrastructure? Is living important? Appalling healthcare ranking . Terrible doctors per citizen ratio.

  • @ZhangLee.

    @ZhangLee.

    Жыл бұрын

    @@JohnSmith-sm7ez how social infrastructure gonna work at it best when transportation is shit

  • @qs332

    @qs332

    Жыл бұрын

    @@JohnSmith-sm7ez You are kidding?

  • @JunEeLow

    @JunEeLow

    Жыл бұрын

    @@JohnSmith-sm7ezNo doubt US doctors could be better. But what’s the point if even insured people have to pay 3k usd per treatment for something as small as a cut after deductibles

  • @strasbourgerelsass1467

    @strasbourgerelsass1467

    11 ай бұрын

    Are you a China fanboy? The infrastrucure thing was an Europe thing first. So stop the senseless China hype (where half of the techology is imported).

  • @gunsumwong3948
    @gunsumwong3948 Жыл бұрын

    Whether you call China a communist or socialist state it is undeniably a country putting the common good of a community first. Thus the Central and regional governments will planned, invested and installed whatever facility to improve the lives of the citizens in the community. Western democracies like the US or UK are short-term profit driven. If there is no money to be made or the money could be invested better elsewhere to bring a faster or higher return it will never go into the large public transportation system. Therefore there is no HSR in the US. Rats, progressive deterioration and lack of modernisation are tolerated because if money isn't spent it is the profit for the selfish owners and share holders. The irony is the western metro systems are not only bad but they are also among the most expensive costing on average 4 to 5 times more for a day pass in a China metro. Then there is also a matter of scale. Of the world's largest metro systems China occupies 9 out of the first 10 while UK London ranks 11th followed by US NYC at 12th. When it comes to carrying passengers Shenzhen is the 5th busiest metro in China but with an annual ridership of 1626 million (2020) it carries more passenger than New York or London. If we talk about mobile phone reception and zoned air conditioning that will put US subways and UK underground to shame.

  • @CABOOSEBOB

    @CABOOSEBOB

    Жыл бұрын

    Yep

  • @Aapig

    @Aapig

    Жыл бұрын

    What I don't understand is, isn't the government supposed to serve the people after making money? This is a very normal thing in the Chinese mind

  • @gunsumwong3948

    @gunsumwong3948

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Aapig You see that is heart of the problem. The west like US has no culture and uses money to measure everything. In a country with culture things are getting done because they are right and the correct to do so. Once the community is looked after first the citizens will thrive afterwards. Going for short term profit regardless of the consequence is what US is all about. China is showing the alternative. Whether it is good or bad isn't an issue here. The issue is the Chinese people prefer an orderly, modern, peaceful and sustainable community to live in. The government can only build the metro only but it is the people who don't put graffiti on them and the users who continuously help to keep them clean!

  • @god6667

    @god6667

    Жыл бұрын

    American Democracy Only Serves Politicians

  • @wyz9815

    @wyz9815

    Жыл бұрын

    Well said! The only legitamacy of Any government in the world, is not any "cray" it is called, it is how well it serves its people!

  • @aftereffects00
    @aftereffects00 Жыл бұрын

    China is so clean... I've never seen any rubbish on the road or inside the train. It's so amazing!

  • @Lion-fj3wp
    @Lion-fj3wp Жыл бұрын

    America needs to put those safety measures in place, preventing people from falling on the tracks or being push by a deranged person. When it comes to building trains and subway, by far china is the winner 🎉 Thanks for sharing 🌎

  • @drzhanga

    @drzhanga

    7 ай бұрын

    if you take the subway, you surely don't belong to the group of people the recent US govs cares about. so no extra safety measures for you, they rather pour that money into wars :)

  • @rkspan5868
    @rkspan5868 Жыл бұрын

    I visited Shenzhen in May, and realised that taking a subway is free for any senior citizens (65 or older) either you are a local or a foreigner. Although you have to go thru a manual control channel not an e-channel after the security check, anyway. it's wonderful thing for an old guy like me.😊😊😊

  • @user-dc2cj5nz8v

    @user-dc2cj5nz8v

    Жыл бұрын

    Unfair for chinese citizens to give foreigners over. 65 free tickets

  • @wingkaikwok

    @wingkaikwok

    5 ай бұрын

    滿60歲已經可以免費

  • @mrodjito6861
    @mrodjito6861 Жыл бұрын

    I've never come across anyone so detail oriented, really appreciate it.

  • @kl9518
    @kl9518 Жыл бұрын

    I have just been on the Piccadilly line underground in London. It hasn't changed for 100 years. The platform is small and narrow. Easily fall on the tracks. Still open windows on the trains for ventilation but very hot in summer. Very dirty and old. Maybe they want to keep it that way for historical purposes.

  • @rs-dp6pr

    @rs-dp6pr

    Жыл бұрын

    Elizabeth line is better.

  • @Storm4155

    @Storm4155

    Жыл бұрын

    It sounds so quaint and charming. Preserving traditional architecture is an important part of preserving one's cultural heritage.

  • @davidpicard5376

    @davidpicard5376

    Жыл бұрын

    It's nice to have the history and maintain it as is so we can appreciate the evolution in other parts of the world but it should never be about a competition. If that's the purpose of this channel then we're missing the point in what is important in life.

  • @QuietJugung

    @QuietJugung

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Storm4155 Can keep The Tube as tourist attraction but should build updated lines for daily commute especially overcrowded lines. Some steam trains in Germany are very popular tourist attractions.

  • @Storm4155

    @Storm4155

    Жыл бұрын

    @@QuietJugung I am being sarcastic.

  • @fahimeln3292
    @fahimeln3292 Жыл бұрын

    Very helpful for my next year’s visit to China. Thank you Eric

  • @passby8070
    @passby8070 Жыл бұрын

    I haven't been to China for 12 years, can't wait to go back to use the amazing infrastructure that China has to offer. Although China and the west has a different political system. The west has a lot to learn from China on how to roll out amazing infrastructures. But often, most of the west countries are too arrogant and proud to learn from a "inferior country" like China. Here in Australia, it is almost expected that we have massive cost overun and under capacity not long after the project has finished, it then goes through extremely expensive patch work that costs 3 times more expensive.

  • @ainsleyfrastructurekpopmashups

    @ainsleyfrastructurekpopmashups

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, better implement standardization of infrastructure. I hope this infrastructure concept used to build a lots of infrastructure in shortest time, and lowest cost as possible in China will be used too, in the Philippines, Southeast Asia, and many other developing countries, and regions. I hope Metro System in Manila will be merged with standardized trains for all the lines, plus, direct transfer to another line, especially the Anonas station from Line 2 to more futuristic Line 9. It is not just used for railways, but also expressway, roads, and bridges.

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    11 ай бұрын

    Chinas local governments are drowning in debt and won’t be able to pay it back. It’s not all rosy. Also 21% youth unemployment rate.

  • @halfrain1590
    @halfrain1590 Жыл бұрын

    This is the definition of a civilized society.

  • @Alexpktang

    @Alexpktang

    Жыл бұрын

    Unfortunately, Western medias still promoting China is an uncivilized society simply because they do not have the same political system.

  • @sadmopsadpan4440
    @sadmopsadpan4440 Жыл бұрын

    actually one point you missed and showed in your video is that signs of "cold (强冷 / 弱冷)” on each coach. head and bottom coaches are colder, while mid coaches are less cold. As men and women generally have different feeling about temperature. also metro train open enough cold AC for hygiene and comfort.

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    Жыл бұрын

    Yea someone else mentioned this. It’s a good point. As I said I could go on and on and on there are many other things I could have pointed out! Thanks for watching

  • @frankiedehockie
    @frankiedehockie Жыл бұрын

    As a New Yorker, two features I wish our subway had: Glass Protective Barrier - to prevent the horrible attack we have seen with people being push in front of trains or on the track Occupancy Display - showing the number of passengers in each car. This will solve the struggle and pushing and rushing to get into a particular car.

  • @crazygambler920

    @crazygambler920

    Жыл бұрын

    The glass partition would be vandalized over night..... It ain't going to work in NYC!

  • @Kotak8

    @Kotak8

    Жыл бұрын

    And, homeless ppl and criminals.

  • @Dark-yv1es

    @Dark-yv1es

    Жыл бұрын

    Bathroom too

  • @Shadowdreamcast

    @Shadowdreamcast

    11 ай бұрын

    Protective glass barrier in NYC isn’t possible because there are different models of train in use, so the doors won’t align properly with the barriers. Also, MNRR and I believe LIRR show occupancy of trains in the MTA TrainTime app.

  • @naivoj122

    @naivoj122

    11 ай бұрын

    I think cleanliness is a issue as well.

  • @captainreza1
    @captainreza1 Жыл бұрын

    So clean and well organized! I am planning to travel to China for a long stay and your videos are quite an education for me. I have been learning Chinese for quite some time, but still finding those characters use in real scenarios are always refreshing These beautiful and pragmatic designs brings shame to the metro and subway systems we have here in Silicon Valley and New York, US of A!

  • @user-pm1lt1wj4n

    @user-pm1lt1wj4n

    Жыл бұрын

    来中国最好先做好攻略,比如最重要的是怎样办一张中国的银行卡和中国手机卡,这样就可以使用手机支付,将会使你的旅程变得非常方便。

  • @captainreza1

    @captainreza1

    Жыл бұрын

    @@user-pm1lt1wj4n 谢谢您! 我 有 微信 应用程序。。。

  • @likevin3087

    @likevin3087

    Жыл бұрын

    @@captainreza1 记得绑定银行卡,QR付款时可以更便捷。

  • @alexlin3863

    @alexlin3863

    Жыл бұрын

    China still have a lot problem now. but luckily, its keeping improve.

  • @cfu242

    @cfu242

    Жыл бұрын

    @@alexlin3863 China is still developing, without problems without developing, but problems can always be fixed.

  • @Izzy-bk8iw
    @Izzy-bk8iw Жыл бұрын

    Im seriously impressed by China, clean and tidy finish, i think they are a world ahead of some places☃️

  • @i-eat-you

    @i-eat-you

    9 ай бұрын

    Yeah we are shit but we are hopung that glorious China can save us❤

  • @rsyrsy8543
    @rsyrsy8543 Жыл бұрын

    This makes UK underground system look like antique

  • @henrytudor8537

    @henrytudor8537

    Жыл бұрын

    Because it is. And thanks to the UK, China could build this. Besides, the Elizabeth line looks just as modern.😊

  • @rsyrsy8543

    @rsyrsy8543

    Жыл бұрын

    @@henrytudor8537Yeah, agree to both of your points. But I’d still prefer modernised metro, with air conditioning, Wi-Fi, clean & bright, not dusty😊 Elizabeth line is quite all right.

  • @henrytudor8537

    @henrytudor8537

    Жыл бұрын

    @@rsyrsy8543 I do agree that the Elizabeth line needed wifi and charging port. But Modern does not always mean better.

  • @rsyrsy8543

    @rsyrsy8543

    Жыл бұрын

    @@henrytudor8537 ahem, if you commute daily by tube, you’d understand, people just wish their daily commute slightly easier. This has nothing to do with work of art, architecture, etc. , etc..

  • @henrytudor8537

    @henrytudor8537

    Жыл бұрын

    @@rsyrsy8543 Again, in terms of that London has an overall better transport system.

  • @neoh92
    @neoh92 Жыл бұрын

    Also I noticed the subway platform in Shenzhen will tell you which coach is cold and very cold. And there are wireless charging ports built inside the train for users to charge their phones as well.

  • @dinot1609
    @dinot1609 Жыл бұрын

    That main train station is just gorgeous. Looks like an airport & got world class design. The white color tiles & design ceiling in the centre really makes the place glow.

  • @balkanleopard9728
    @balkanleopard9728 Жыл бұрын

    It's good to see honest informative videos about things Chinese without comparisons with other countries. Let the facts speak for themselves. Well done.

  • @grape.juices
    @grape.juices Жыл бұрын

    Loved the video, really well executed. I support you making more videos regarding Chinese metro systems. The world needs to knows about this. Most people outside don’t know and the media won’t tell them about this on purpose. Most people outside of China still think China is outdated, poor and dirty.

  • @jimmylam9846

    @jimmylam9846

    Жыл бұрын

    a good old day train is still running in China kzread.info/dash/bejne/rGio08WporSniMo.html

  • @gelinrefira

    @gelinrefira

    Жыл бұрын

    "Most people" are really the west since their media has a lot of incentive to not showcase China's success, to prevent their own people questioning their neoliberal capitalist hellscape. Everyone else knows China's immensely awesome infrastructure.

  • @ainsleyfrastructurekpopmashups

    @ainsleyfrastructurekpopmashups

    Жыл бұрын

    Most people outside of China think it is an country similar to North Korea, and it has least freedom.

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    11 ай бұрын

    No, surely not. Endless western articles and documentaries on China’s great culture, infrastructure, economy …..

  • @mikeliu-te3vk
    @mikeliu-te3vk Жыл бұрын

    China's infrastructure construction is very good. China's railways and highways, including its public transportation system, are all well constructed, which facilitates the Chinese people and also accelerates China's economic development.

  • @strasbourgerelsass1467

    @strasbourgerelsass1467

    11 ай бұрын

    And the technology is well imported too... LOL

  • @Victorliu819
    @Victorliu819 Жыл бұрын

    As a Shenzhen citizen, i must say that the subway is really good for my daily life and makes every place so easy to reach. I don’t therefore use cars in this city for a long time. Whether i want to hang out with my friends or go to school, subway would be my choice instead of cars.

  • @peterwilliams7335
    @peterwilliams7335 Жыл бұрын

    I am so impressed by this. I only wish we have such modern and convenience transport system in the US. It is so dirty and dated in the US. Thanks for sharing information about what is really happening in China without distortion and manipulation like most mainstream media from the US. This is the stuff the mainstream media from the US don't want people to know about.

  • @huang_mou

    @huang_mou

    Жыл бұрын

    Even if such a system were built in the United States, it would be destroyed soon after operation. It's not a matter of infrastructure, it's a matter of culture

  • @rodolfo7077

    @rodolfo7077

    Жыл бұрын

    @@huang_mou i take the trolley in san diego, CA every time theres homeless drug addicts making a mess lmao it isnt safe

  • @elainelee2491

    @elainelee2491

    Жыл бұрын

    What bothers me the most is that it's so filthy.

  • @ramencurry6672

    @ramencurry6672

    Жыл бұрын

    Americans blame politicians but a lot of the blame is on the American people and their selfish culture. Atlanta tried to expand their subway but it was voted no by the people. It could have helped reduce some of the traffic problems. Trains are also horrendous too in the USA

  • @tonz5566

    @tonz5566

    Жыл бұрын

    it's fake media and selective media reporting in the name of free speech.....

  • @hillbillyangle
    @hillbillyangle Жыл бұрын

    Awesome video! Very informative and attention to details! Good job Eric👍Pls do more of this type!

  • @cabasadefogo9533
    @cabasadefogo9533 Жыл бұрын

    Excellent video! I came to the states as a kid and grew up in philly. Went back to Shanghai, my birth city to visit in 2019 and OMG I could not recognize the city except for the historical landmark areas like the park and bund. Whereas, literally philly has barely changed, especially where I grew up in north east philly. A saying I heard from ppl when visiting China was this. You americans care a lot about who is the chef, waiter, manager. We Chinese only care about how nice the dish we ordered is. If there is a problem with the dish, we complain and expect the dish to be done right. You americans complain and want a new chef. I feel that this a pretty accurate description of the differences in outlook of the 2 countries.

  • @aubreyadams7884
    @aubreyadams7884 Жыл бұрын

    It's been a few years, but I've used the metro rail services in Chongqing and Shanghai a fair bit. Excellent! We had to buy tickets back then, but as long as you knew where you wanted to go (and which line) it was so easy. You hit the UK flag on the touch screen to get English. Hit the station name on the map you wanted to go to, hit number of of tix, put in a few RMB, and you were good to go. Besides the multi-language in-train announcements and displays the carriages also have LCD TVs for entertainment (as do buses). Stations and safety were the same as shown in this video. Also reassuring was the fact that we weren't the only ones looking at the maps showing how to get out off the station and where all the exits led to, but locals were also figuring out where to go to. Felt good to not always be the dumb foreigner! LOL.

  • @ongsengkee2530
    @ongsengkee2530 Жыл бұрын

    Not one of the best metro systems, but the best in the world.

  • @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    @JohnSmith-sm7ez

    Жыл бұрын

    No. Obviously not . Doesn’t lead any rankings I see. Overall we need to look at , not cherrypicked data

  • @strasbourgerelsass1467

    @strasbourgerelsass1467

    11 ай бұрын

    Never.

  • @wondererasl
    @wondererasl Жыл бұрын

    It’s not one of the best, it’s the best of all 😂

  • @Orikron
    @Orikron Жыл бұрын

    Great video + TOTK reference. Love the human geography perspective, I wish I had majored in it. Hope your channel grows big! I’ve watched so many videos on this topic and it’s the first time I learned about the train car capacity screen!

  • @jonseilim4321
    @jonseilim4321 Жыл бұрын

    Singapore's MRT system and China's metros looks really similar, glad to know we're doing something right!

  • @slomo4672

    @slomo4672

    Жыл бұрын

    Designed by the same companies?

  • @mmb_daniel

    @mmb_daniel

    11 ай бұрын

    @@slomo4672 I will say Shenzhen Metro is more like MTR in Hong Kong as they are designed by same company (MTR)

  • @haveaseatplease
    @haveaseatplease Жыл бұрын

    Great content Eric! Please do more of these non car related vlogs!

  • @welltank3723

    @welltank3723

    Жыл бұрын

    More would be good

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    Жыл бұрын

    More coming. I got some ideas . Oddly enough most came to me while walking in Japan

  • @walterchin8832
    @walterchin8832 Жыл бұрын

    The subways in China has dual language in Chinese and English, the two universal languages. You won't see that in any Western subway systems.

  • @sleepyjoe4529
    @sleepyjoe4529 Жыл бұрын

    One thing that rarely gets talked about is the price of the fare. Afaik, it's cheaper than every single metro system that is comparable to it, such as HK/Seoul/Singapore/Toyko.

  • @tullicui928
    @tullicui928 Жыл бұрын

    Nice, exactly what i was craving from established infrastructure channels, but never got.

  • @michaeltan6682
    @michaeltan6682 Жыл бұрын

    Love to see you back in China. Thanks for your blog.

  • @davidzan9190
    @davidzan9190 Жыл бұрын

    More facts about China metro: The people who over 60-64 years old are half price for riding. People over 65 years old are free for riding. All underground metro stations are air conditionined. Mobile signal are covered all metro systems. Some metro lines are running 160km/h. Pls, check Guangzhou metro line 18 and line 22 which are running 160km/h between some segments. The ridership in Guangzhou metro are 2.3 billion per year in recent years. That's the busiest metro in the world.

  • @clueless485

    @clueless485

    Жыл бұрын

    Can foreign visitors over 65 years old ride free on the subway? How? Do we need someone's approval?

  • @davidzan9190

    @davidzan9190

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@clueless485 No, the senior benefit applicable to the local residents only. The other cities have same policy. When the people relocate to other cities, they need to update the benefit in the new city. Unless you are a resident in the city, the benefit will applicable to foreigners.

  • @clueless485

    @clueless485

    Жыл бұрын

    @@davidzan9190 Thank you for your reply. So foreign tourists can not ride free even if they are older than 65.

  • @jacklim5940

    @jacklim5940

    Жыл бұрын

    @@clueless485 shenzhen metro can,show your passport to the officer, they will led you to a speicial gate.

  • @clueless485

    @clueless485

    Жыл бұрын

    @@jacklim5940 Thank you, Jack! That's wonderful.

  • @cryptoman9781
    @cryptoman9781 Жыл бұрын

    Everything building in China is brand new with latest technology.

  • @Luciidsage
    @Luciidsage Жыл бұрын

    I really wish that one day the United States will be able to implement the protective barrier between the track and the platform. I also hope to see the riderage of each car before boarding as it can be a real guessing game sometimes.

  • @jinlingliang4385
    @jinlingliang4385 Жыл бұрын

    好干净哦,我好喜欢看你视频啊,继续加油哦,我们永远支持正能量的人,

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    Жыл бұрын

    感谢您支持我

  • @softerhaze
    @softerhaze Жыл бұрын

    I always hear people talk about how great the transport system in Japan is but rarely China. It's nice to see more videos like this showing the crazy amount China has managed to develop. Their focus on developing transport links first and foremost before developing the area really speeds things up

  • @dark_knight650

    @dark_knight650

    8 ай бұрын

    In reality, what Japan have doesn’t even come close to what China have

  • @MarvinRoman
    @MarvinRoman Жыл бұрын

    I subscribed and hope to see more like this. A huge fan of learning about public transit.

  • @JohnnysCafe_
    @JohnnysCafe_ Жыл бұрын

    This metro system is very efficient, user friendly, very clean, good value and safe. I think they look awesome.

  • @i-eat-you

    @i-eat-you

    9 ай бұрын

    Hear, hear!

  • @laksi0505
    @laksi0505 Жыл бұрын

    Yes, I have used the Metro in Beijing and they are incredibly efficient

  • @xygog2408
    @xygog2408 Жыл бұрын

    Wow! I live in Singapore and saw a lot of the similar features in Singapore's own MRT which I took for granted. I actually visited China few times, but it's not until I went to Australia and NYC that I discovered that not all metro system were built the same (At least without the features that I took for granted in Singapore). Anyway it's a very good video that I think people interested in urban planning would be able to learn a lot from. Just discovered your channel and so far I love it!

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks! Don't watch too many videos here though lol you'll be disappointed, not much on urbanism really,, mostly random junk I'm interested in :P

  • @anthonybong9203
    @anthonybong9203 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for this informative video. Ive been to China a few times and had used the metro but with this video, I'll understand the facilities better.

  • @JamesTsividis
    @JamesTsividis Жыл бұрын

    Great work! I was thinking recently I need to see more of Asia's transport. I also watch the other channels you mentioned as well as Strong Towns.

  • @zylbygdfn6542
    @zylbygdfn6542 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you. Very educational

  • @rayh.3478
    @rayh.34789 ай бұрын

    this is such a well explained video! great details 👍

  • @Fluster
    @Fluster2 ай бұрын

    Good video! Thoroughly enjoyed it.

  • @franciscomanuelsanchezolay1681
    @franciscomanuelsanchezolay1681 Жыл бұрын

    Thats a great video Eric, also from the investor perspective, cause we want to make sure we dont only invest in companies but the system around them :) keep it on 🎉

  • @lemanlie4921
    @lemanlie4921 Жыл бұрын

    Incredible country .

  • @maxbrych7354
    @maxbrych7354 Жыл бұрын

    great informative video! more of that please!

  • @ulyks
    @ulyks8 ай бұрын

    Love the video, great work! Please do more videos like this and also give a thought to the connections with other modes of transport in China. Like the bike share system or just regular walking or train stations.

  • @reginald7214
    @reginald7214 Жыл бұрын

    Very interesting. City nerd and not just bikes are great. Tim pierce in china is fun too.

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    Жыл бұрын

    Haven't heard of him, I'll look him up. Thanks

  • @reginald7214

    @reginald7214

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@Eric_Garrisonsorry, tim Chambers. He does great train stuff in china

  • @Voice_Helpless2021
    @Voice_Helpless2021 Жыл бұрын

    Interesting details.

  • @yuehchen7308
    @yuehchen7308 Жыл бұрын

    Your explanation are very good and I learn a lot, thanks.!!!👍👍👍✌✌✌

  • @rubywang2681
    @rubywang2681 Жыл бұрын

    Subscribed. Thank you for sharing your video.

  • @kev13nyc
    @kev13nyc Жыл бұрын

    keep pumping out those China videos Eric!!!!

  • @foothpath9966
    @foothpath9966 Жыл бұрын

    That was a different movie from U. But I thought pretty interesting, and cool to see the work they put into it.. especially hearing about the minority and those with different kinds of handicap, that they try to make it as good as possible for them as well to use it. Since U often hear here in the west, that China don't care about the minorities and just throws them into work camps, and weaker people in the society are just pushed to the side left for them self. When U where in Copenhagen, did U get to try the underground system there and the driverless trains ? But keep the videos coming Eric, this was interesting as said, or at least I found it to be, can't talk for everyone else 😉👍

  • @MrJohnson088

    @MrJohnson088

    Жыл бұрын

    They don't do simple tentative thinking. When your government pays attention to such human details when building the subway. Will they commit genocide against specific people in another place? It's not logical at all.

  • @peterhoang6780
    @peterhoang67806 ай бұрын

    Thankyou for the video 👏👏👏

  • @jtang8768
    @jtang8768 Жыл бұрын

    you are an expert of urban design, learned a lot from your videos

  • @robinsonshawqx
    @robinsonshawqx Жыл бұрын

    Aha, good ol' Shekou. Also, shout out to being a Not Just Bikes fan & CityNerd fan! Loved watching them too.

  • @blue-xb1cq
    @blue-xb1cq Жыл бұрын

    Shenshen Metro Group made USD$1 billion in profits annually ( mainly from properties) . The operation scheme is similar to that of Hong Kong MTR ( also earns ~USD$1 billion in profits annually).

  • @Aapig

    @Aapig

    Жыл бұрын

    They are state owned enterprises and the income goes into the treasury and then subsidized to the people

  • @blue-xb1cq

    @blue-xb1cq

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@Aapig - MTR property developer is profit based but with free access to lands under urban planning initiatives. A huge MTR developement is Lohas Park ... kzread.info/dash/bejne/qZ6urpp-gt3ZkZc.html ( Lohas Park station is underneath it ). MTR gets to keep the profits after taxes (basically from property developements) and expected to expand and make more profits ( win-win) .

  • @mandyluo1371
    @mandyluo1371 Жыл бұрын

    Amazing content. 👍👍👍👍 Thank you!

  • @ChrisZ901
    @ChrisZ901 Жыл бұрын

    Great video, Eric. You have a new sub :)

  • @bridicot
    @bridicot Жыл бұрын

    Very informative

  • @cheekhenliew7628
    @cheekhenliew7628 Жыл бұрын

    Auckland NZ is building its first subway too, I believe it would be very beautiful too but unfortunately, it can never achieve China's level of value & affordability. It just doesn't have enough riders to lower the fare, and the car culture is not easy to convince people to take public transport. Business activities spreading out from CBD since Covid also another hit to the subway project.

  • @Hmmm313
    @Hmmm313 Жыл бұрын

    Epic info. Ty

  • @ISlappedCleopatrasAss
    @ISlappedCleopatrasAss11 ай бұрын

    Really interesting. Thanks

  • @rakuen6728
    @rakuen6728 Жыл бұрын

    Respect for china achievement , it's not easy job to lift 1.4 billions from poverty

  • @JAMESHANGLUNG-km4ru
    @JAMESHANGLUNG-km4ru11 ай бұрын

    The last time I was in Shenzhen they had green token to get on metro , now you can use your phone, so cool,I really need to get back, Thank you for the nice video.

  • @ZLL668
    @ZLL668 Жыл бұрын

    Yes, more videos like this

  • @davidpicard5376
    @davidpicard5376 Жыл бұрын

    Couldn't imagine how it couldn't have the enviable infrastructure with the advantage of recent world investment in China combined with modernity design already advanced during it's inception. Shenzhen for example. Much like when you first experience Singapore and one can't help but be in awe of the 24/7 construction of glitzy new reach for the sky behemoths.

  • @welltank3723
    @welltank3723 Жыл бұрын

    Good stuff

  • @Predestinated1
    @Predestinated1 Жыл бұрын

    Awesome! Thank you man

  • @alvino2211
    @alvino2211 Жыл бұрын

    This the best china metro review imo. Thks mate

  • @Caterpillar
    @Caterpillar Жыл бұрын

    I wish we have trains like these in the UK

  • @pandabearoceanpark
    @pandabearoceanpark Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the illustration, pretty amazing!

  • @user-cr3wq9nn1u
    @user-cr3wq9nn1u Жыл бұрын

    great video👍👍👍

  • @chelseashurmantine8153
    @chelseashurmantine81537 ай бұрын

    This is so cool, you were so detailed! Showing the ceilings, the signage, the tactile floors, etc, this is amazing. It would be cool if the female trains had female guards that barred men from entering.

  • @Avijit12345
    @Avijit12345 Жыл бұрын

    China no 1 🇨🇳🇨🇳😘

  • @johnxiao2981
    @johnxiao2981 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks John! Really appreciate the support!

  • @ringochow9107
    @ringochow9107 Жыл бұрын

    thank you so much for showing the situation in China to the world!

  • @niuniujunwashere
    @niuniujunwashere11 ай бұрын

    this is such an in-depth and detailed analysis! i like the way it was structured too. i'd say these are all very true to the real experience of living in Shenzhen. also 4:47 just brutally called me out lmao XD this actually happened to me quite a few times this summer, but that was only because i was too preoccupied with... stuff (i think i just automatically walked into the first train that arrived and, unsurprisingly, it was heading for the wrong direction!)

  • @Eric_Garrison

    @Eric_Garrison

    11 ай бұрын

    Lol sorry. But being preoccupied and distracted isn’t the same as actively screwing up something obvious, so I think you are in the clear

  • @niuniujunwashere

    @niuniujunwashere

    11 ай бұрын

    @@Eric_Garrison it's okay! that was just something that i thought would be fun to share :) those maps did their job; it's just that sometimes it is tempting for me get on a train that will leave soon in case it was the right train so i don't have to wait for another 5 minutes (usually i can tell the general direction from the terminus alone because i take the same route many times, but when i took metro less often i tend to mix the two directions up... of course ideally i'd plan out in advance or check with the map to be certain, but again the temptation is there. that one time i was preoccupied, i just walked into the first train without a doubt... but luckily i quickly noticed and got off.) another thing is that i used to trust my intuition too much -- like WAY too much. one time i explained to my mom that i was late because i didn't notice i was on the wrong train until i looked up and saw that the stations were getting increasingly FARTHER away from where i was going! (i was wondering why the train was taking so long to arrive, but then i realized what was happening when i saw the station names 💀 even worse, that happened on line 2 ironically, the line i was the most familiar with and should've been the last line i mess anything up on!) we had a good laugh, and now i ALWAYS make sure i read the map before or right after i get on any train.... sorry for the ramble, but yeah you're right: it doesn't happen _consistently_, but still it's funny how it happened at all XD

  • @privacyhelp
    @privacyhelp Жыл бұрын

    imagine if american rather than wasting their money for war instead focus on public infrastructures

  • @Venzera
    @Venzera Жыл бұрын

    Looks amazing. Maybe our metros in the US will look something like this by the end of the century 😂

  • @JKSelama

    @JKSelama

    Жыл бұрын

    I will settle for a power wash to get rid of the smell of urine.

  • @TheFriend2u

    @TheFriend2u

    Жыл бұрын

    ​ Besides power wash, dont forget to disinfect, sanitize, fumigate all US trains. Which at their deplorable condition, I wouldn't refer to as metro.

  • @TheFriend2u

    @TheFriend2u

    Жыл бұрын

    @Venzera, Which will never happen cos the whole of US is being bankrupted by greed & inhumane lust for global militarization.

  • @junyin5950

    @junyin5950

    Жыл бұрын

    Objectively speaking, I don't think there's much hope. Because big companies aren't likely to do these things that keep losing money.

  • @ramencurry6672

    @ramencurry6672

    Жыл бұрын

    American culture does not allow nice things for the public unless if it’s for profit. You might see nice things in Las Vegas and in Disney due to the money making motives…..but in an average American city for an average pedestrian, not likely

  • @froog8292
    @froog829211 ай бұрын

    Toulouse a city I recently visited is essentially a slightly less modern version of the Shenzhen metro you traveled on. It has much of the helpful information of found in China , however the trains are fully automated without any human supervision

  • @stavejobas4938
    @stavejobas4938 Жыл бұрын

    I will go to China next trip Go go go 👍

Келесі