Why Are Mules Sterile?
Horse plus donkey - it seems like an unlikely combination. I mean, they're different species! And yet, when they get together, they can produce a mule or the lesser-known hinny. Either way, those offspring usually can't become parents themselves.
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Sources:
www.mulemuseum.org/history-of...
www.horsetalk.co.nz/2016/10/2...
genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask225
www.genome.gov/genetics-gloss...
www.labroots.com/trending/vid...
www.yourgenome.org/facts/what...
link.springer.com/article/10....
medlineplus.gov/genetics/unde...
www.denverpost.com/2013/08/16...
www.denverpost.com/2007/07/25...
Images:
www.istockphoto.com/photo/don...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/the...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/hor...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/im-...
www.istockphoto.com/vector/me...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/cel...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/nor...
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Пікірлер: 851
There's a mule watching this rn realizing that his wife shouldn't be pregnant
@DrMateen36
3 жыл бұрын
Well.. Its still possible.. I mean there are few reports.. So may be be more optimistic ehh?
@familiayoutuber4769
3 жыл бұрын
@@DrMateen36 Sorry bro, I'm sure he wasn't throwing an indirect on purpose.
@impeachy1518
3 жыл бұрын
😂😂😂
@-Devy-
3 жыл бұрын
@@DrMateen36 Jokes. Have you heard of them?
@watchman835
3 жыл бұрын
@@DrMateen36 Yeah, good luck to convince the wider family with that...
Phew! I was really worried mules were taking over the world. Thank you SciShow. I feel much better.
@boxgrater
3 жыл бұрын
Thought you were serious until I finished the vid
@lindadobson9854
3 жыл бұрын
Hahahaha
@mudkipwave8154
3 жыл бұрын
Mudkip!!
@ODST_Republic
3 жыл бұрын
kzread.info/dash/bejne/jKOHy9OufdiofZc.html This isn't a Mule but, it's one if it's parents
@HermanVonPetri
3 жыл бұрын
Close. What we really need to worry about is jackasses taking over the world. But I think we're too late on that one.
i have an accounting exam in a few hours, i hope mules show up on the test
@Jake3eee
3 жыл бұрын
Did they...?
@ariannasilva4462
3 жыл бұрын
Did it?
@adueso3287
3 жыл бұрын
@@Jake3eee @Arianna Silva sadly no but i still got a good score so im not mad
Because they’re as stubborn as a mule when you tell them to have kids.
@nimaxx
3 жыл бұрын
that a mule or donkey is 'stubborn' is a human interpretation that has become a myth. the 'stubborn' reaction of these animals is actually their state of fear, which becomes worse the more brutal the people are with them.
@l.zevicreations
3 жыл бұрын
@@nimaxx It's just a lil' joke, it's not meant to be taken literally! and it's not like I don't get what you're trying to get across, i perfectly understand what you're trying to say.
"Why does he call you donkey?" "Oh, he aw- he aw- he always calls me that"
Sic show giving us the answers to questions everyone wants to but no one asks
@tylerdurden788
3 жыл бұрын
One of my friends loves how I know such obscure information.
@hk7059
3 жыл бұрын
@@tylerdurden788 Which friend? The one everyone calls 'The Narrator'?
@Femaiden
3 жыл бұрын
the answers nobody wanted, but the ones everybody needed.
@nirorit
Жыл бұрын
I asked
I had wondered about one of my donkey's ancestry since he's pretty horsish looking but turns out it's just normal horshisness lol. He's splendid nonetheless.
@brandynamite3022
3 жыл бұрын
is that your donkey on your profile pic
@gregoryfenn1462
3 жыл бұрын
@@brandynamite3022 I hope so, he's very hansome :)
@NJ-wb1cz
3 жыл бұрын
@@gregoryfenn1462 yours is very handsome as well!
@hiltonchapman4844
3 жыл бұрын
@Cupid Stunt: Cool username!
Mules are so awesome. They're definitely smarter than either parent.
@datt5698
3 жыл бұрын
You heard of that story where the mule curb stomps a mountain lion that was hunting his dogs? True story 100%
@badger305
3 жыл бұрын
That ain't saying much.
@datt5698
3 жыл бұрын
@@badger305 you act like a badger
@badger305
3 жыл бұрын
I was speaking of the comment, "Mules are so awesome. They're definitely smarter than either parent."@@datt5698
@datt5698
3 жыл бұрын
@@badger305 too bad they are infertile huh!?
"My mule don’t like people laughing,” -- Clint Eastwood
@aaronstark5060
3 жыл бұрын
Dammit, I was going say that, lol!
@TheN0odles
3 жыл бұрын
Sister Sarah entered the chat
@nottodayfolks4923
3 жыл бұрын
Get 3 coffins ready. My mule don't like people laughing at him. Of course if all you apologize I don't think it's nice you laughin. he gets this crazy idea you're laughing at him.And if you apologize like i know you're going to. Then i'll consider you didn't mean it. BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM My mistake 4 coffins.
@TheN0odles
3 жыл бұрын
@@nottodayfolks4923 bravo
@badger305
3 жыл бұрын
"He gets the crazy notion you're laughing at him." Now we know why, he's missing a chromosome.
I guess this also mean I can go out without fear of a horde of ligers suddenly showing up to kill everyone.
@datt5698
3 жыл бұрын
Horde of ligers is a magic the gathering card
@AutoCrete
3 жыл бұрын
I think big cats are much easier to hybrid. Chromosome count perhaps???
@biggusdickusiv5883
3 жыл бұрын
Napleon dynamite told me they have a high magic stat
@stanleyhape8427
3 жыл бұрын
@@AutoCrete that idiot tiger king was trying to recreate the saber tooth Tiger by cross and interbred big cats.
@FilmerOfBobcats
3 жыл бұрын
Several of the big cats actually are able to produce at least partially fertile hybrids. There have been several cases of people breeding a tiger to a lion x tiger hybrid or a lion to a leopard x jaguar.
Not knowing this all my life makes me feel like a jackass.
These are questions i would think to myself back in the classroom of my school. I am so glad at the power of internet to provide a relief to my questions. Life is a process of learning indeed!
Hey SciShow. Why do we keep messing with things that hurt? Like a cut or a nail that is cut too short?
@ScumfuckMcDoucheface
3 жыл бұрын
Oooooh good one! Upvote SoOoOoOoOoOo much. =)
@bertaboy9078
3 жыл бұрын
My guess would be pain releases endorphins, so the more you play with it the less it hurts. Idk
@cristianvillanueva8782
3 жыл бұрын
This
@wendyleeconnelly2939
3 жыл бұрын
or you're trying to fix it, only to fail
@LongToad
3 жыл бұрын
I'd say your body is only as smart as evolution needed it to be. Survival of what's "good enough" is all that's required. Pain and itchiness save our lives but like with everything, they have negative side effects; like spreading a rash, purposely shocking yourself, or opening a wound. Best to just realize our compulsions and resist the best we can.
I love mules, if you know how to handle them they are great. You can teach them to plow and cultivate. If you give them enough room to turn, they won't if trained right , they don't step on the crops. Horses will often take a short cut and trample the end of the rows unless you're very careful. You have to watch them like a hawk.
@christopherparks2987
3 жыл бұрын
My mother's boyfriend uses mules to train horses.
@kirkmorrison6131
3 жыл бұрын
@@christopherparks2987 A good technique
I think I asked y’all about this last week! Thanks a ton for answering it! 👍👍
I could listen to her talk about animal breeding and genetics all day.
@alexanderherzog3064
3 жыл бұрын
Coming on a little strong buddy
@xres1329
3 жыл бұрын
@@alexanderherzog3064 Understatement!
@jameshenderson3238
3 жыл бұрын
She is a great genetics instructor
This was interesting. I knew this was the case but I'd never known the science behind why. This was well explained.
This episode turned me on to your podcast, and i love it! Can recommend.
Yuppers, just when we make a rule, we find out there are exceptions :3
@Inannawhimsey
3 жыл бұрын
@Patrick Hudson Hello there. I do hope you are holding those you care for close and helping those you can in this global insanity.
@travcollier
3 жыл бұрын
Biology: there is an exception to every rule, including this one ;)
@Joeydoesmedicine
3 жыл бұрын
Is it an exception or is it just a special case? Words words words
@Inannawhimsey
3 жыл бұрын
@@Joeydoesmedicine exceptions are where the fun is :3 Here's to more Adaming
@mathewritchie
3 жыл бұрын
Natue is full of exeptions humans make rules to make it easier to understand the world biology is often messy and ignores us.
I actually knew this but I love hearing conformation of my knowledge. Although the explanation wasn't technical it was easier to understand than the fu story of meiosis. Not to be confused with mitosis.
3 жыл бұрын
Do you know why each pair of homologous chromosomes match during meiosis?
@drewharrison6433
3 жыл бұрын
@ I do not. I will research this. I am intrigued. My knowledge of genetics is several years old now.
Wow, I’m so overwhelmed!
But can you crossbreed a donkey with a gorilla to make a Donkey Kong
Love the content, and the host, she is so good with this kind of videos
That's really well explained....Thanks a lot..
Please consider doing a video on permaculture and urban food forest.
Something I've been wondering about: How did species evolve different number of chromosomes? At some point, one member of the species would have gotten an extra chromosome. Hypothetically, a chromosome splits or maybe it is born with an extra copy due to meiosis misfires. Wouldn't that member of the species have non-homologous chromosomes from every other member of their species? Isn't this what makes mules sterile? Would two members need to have similar or analogous mutations to be able to breed a new species?
@jannatulnaim547
2 жыл бұрын
People with Down syndrome or trisomy 21 for example can rarely reproduce. There’s a very low chance so they’re most likely sterile like mules for the same reasons. So this applies for all the individuals.
Thanks. Finally a clear understanding of the facts
Nothing is great than seeing a great SciShow video Also I wish y'all a great day
“DON’T TOUCH ME, I’M STERILE!”
So if the chromosomes don't work for mules and hinny offspring to have their own offspring, what I have always wondered is how in tarnation does a horse and a donkey having a hybrid kid in the first place? 🤔
I always wondered about this. Fascinating. Well I watched the rest of the video and now my head hurts.
Always an exception....I remember an article in Western Horsemen magazine in the 70s titled Never Say Never about a female mule who reproduced several times, once with a Saddllebred stalliom.
Great video! I would love a video on how we humans have 46 chromosomes but our nearest living monkey relatives all have 48 (chimps, apes, and orangutans). Are there any theories on how this came about? Is the thought that our monkey cousins developed an extra pair after we divided from our last common relative, or did humans lose a pair during our evolution? And how would that work when it happened? Say an individual is born with the mutation of having a different number of chromosomes then their species population, it would seem difficult for them to reproduce (just like the mule and hinny), so how can individuals with the new chromosome number get numerous enough to become the new population?
3 жыл бұрын
They didn’t lose anything. An individual with a whole pair of chromosomes less wouldn’t be viable. The chromosome number got reduced because two chromosomes fused together.
Beautiful explanation
I would like to know more about the exceptions please
@GaasubaMeskhenet
3 жыл бұрын
If you can, please help my soon to be evicted family Only covid protections kept us safe. Go fund me in the descriptions of my videos
Our future mule overlords laugh at you. Muwahaha Hee haw.
very informative. thanks
Interesting! Thanks for the info. 🐎🐴
Well dammnnn I definitely learned something new today. Short simple and well said information, thank you.
Rose Bear Don't Walk is adorable and smart!
We need more of Rose she's good
Wow. I didn't know none of this. That was interesting. Thanks 👍
I will say from personal experience, the emotional communication of a horse and the independence of a donkey is highly useful. For centuries they have been used to lead herds of animals for that reason.
This is wild I was just thinking about this the other day and I popped up in my recommended.
You know how our phones are listening to us all talk and you'll be talking about something with your husband or wife or friend about, let's say, lawn mowers. You're not looking for a new lawn mower but you're talking about a lawn mower and all of a sudden on Facebook and Instagram all your ads are about lawn mowers. Yesterday, my husband and I saw a mule at the veterinarian's office and since it was the first time either of us had ever seen a mule we spent a few minutes talking about mules and about why this particular mule had been gelded. And today SciShow has posted a video about mules. SciShow, are you listening to us through our phones too? 😬🤣 (Also, you know the next ad I see on Facebook is going to be for a lawn mower.)
@FilmerOfBobcats
3 жыл бұрын
My granddad used many mules in his day for farm work and family transportation. He vastly preferred them to horses because of their intelligence and stamina. However, he was well known for say, "Ain't nuthin meaner nor more useless than a stud mule." You get all the studdy behavior but without the benefit of an animal that can create life. So mules are gelded young.
At last , infinite gratitude, WELL DONE, I’m whinnying with pleasure.
The Zebra is now very confused.
Donkeys are so short they have to build him a little ramp.
@FilmerOfBobcats
3 жыл бұрын
It's definitely been done, when the jack is a lot shorter than the mare.
2:25 That was a weird jump. The odd chromosome was always going to be unmatched since there's no other chromosome. It has nothing to do with pairs being made up of similar or different chromosomes.
3 жыл бұрын
In meiosis, the homologous chromosomes pair each other by sequence complementarity. There’s no one odd chromosome either since the different chromosome number in each parent is the result of either a fusion of two ancestral chromosomes or a split of one chromosome in the lineage of one of the progenitors.
Attack of the Mules, soon in theatres.
I'm glad you addressed female mule fertility at the end of this video. I'm really surprised you didn't mention Haldane's Rule.
"Life...uh...life finds a way."
I'll never forget one of the early Assassins Creed games (either AC2 or AC:Brotherhood) where Ezio finds a note that uses the phrase "infertile as a donkey" and it immediately killed my immersion.
Rose Bear Don't Walk is the best host!
This explains some humans. Thank you i love this channel
Oh hey- less than a minute ago:) loving scishow!!!
come on people. im disappointed. what a half ASSed effort in the puns
You always get weird stuff from donkeycrats, usually detremental
Mudkip mudkip!
Many human beings have some Neanderthal ancestors (less than 2percent). How would this have been possible if Neanderthals were a different species? Just asking. I am genuinely curious.
@cosmicwakes6443
3 жыл бұрын
Rajano The genetic divergence wasn't that great to hinder fertile offspring.
@antoniousai1989
3 жыл бұрын
Less genetic difference between Cromagnon and Neanderthal, compared to Horse and Donkeys
@ElInextricable
3 жыл бұрын
That question is a can of worms because it messes up the current political correctness going on lol. You can get into trouble..
@ChiDraconis
3 жыл бұрын
The "route" of Genetic divergence is not currently known despite reasons to believe so; Correct work would get into such things as Dental Forensics to determine diet & Genotyping of Neanderthal · Smithsonian: Human Evolution Evidence » Genetics Ancient » DNA And Neanderthals » DNA: Genotypes And Phenotypes
@mal9369
3 жыл бұрын
Well, you have to keep in mind that the genetic distinction between phylogenies is something that we made up, it's not inherent to genetics. We dont have a perfect numbers based definition related to genes, species often just being defined as being different enough to be unable to interbreed. Organisms as they evolve drift slowly apart, with changes accumulating until two separate groups are different enough. However, what changes accumulate is different between different species, meaning there may be huge physical distinctions between two species, but they can still interbreed, or vice versa. This is the case with Neanderthals and our ancestors. They had been separated by time enough to be rather physically distinct from each other, but were still closely related enough to interbreed. Some theories even point to this ability as one of the factors that lead to the neanderthal extinction, with them being integrated to an extent into our ancestors species along with being outcompeted. Genetics is really interesting stuff!
My grandma owned mules only, she said that dumbest mule is smarter than the smartest horse
@FilmerOfBobcats
3 жыл бұрын
My grandparents would agree with her wholeheartedly.
Wait, does this mean completely different species (Dog and cat) could reproduce as well? Or do they still have to be from the same family (Feline, Canine, Equine, Bovine, why do they all end in INE?)
Emperor Vespasian smiled in Heaven at this video. There are horses and donkeys near the care home where my mother now resides, here in Wales, but I've never personally seen a mule or hinny in the UK. There's still time, I'm only 65.
Now mules are being cloned.
In “Foundation and Empire,” The Mule conquered the galaxy but could not found a dynasty.
will rose ever be on scishow!!!!
Can you make a video about this: Why is a "left-over Chromosom" a big deal? Why is having another building plan (in addition to already enough building plans) a big deal for a cell/individuum? Is there a managing problem which results in weird proteins that don't work as intended? Does it have to do with expression / inhibition of certain gens? Would appreciate it!
Not sure if any other comment was made before, but this would have been an excellent opportunity to explain gene introgression as ways to species diversification and speciation.
The information i did not want. I needed it tho.
You guys need to make a video on intraplate earthquakes
Used to think mules were just a nickname for donkeys, I had not idea that they were two different things!
@allenwilson9656
3 жыл бұрын
You must be from the city , cause you sure don't live in the country
thanx
This is a masterclass in explaining everything so badly that people forgot the point you were trying to explain in the first place. It was something about dragons and your next boob job right?
I grew up in western Missouri where mule breeding farms were common. Many thousands of miles were produced for the army in WW1. I've known a few hillbilly loggers who use mules for dragging fine veneer logs out of the woods.
@johnshields9110
3 жыл бұрын
It's a different world using mules other than machines. My old Dad in Kentucky kept a pair of mules till each passed any, using them for fencing chores. The strongest pulled a team wagon all by herself. We used her to haul out hay in the Winter to our cattle, and get a little garden plowing too. I still have her collar, hanes, and 3 blade plow in my basement. After I got big enough, I plowed tabacco rows for grass/weed control. You stirred up quite a few memories.
"female horse and a male donkey" "Lucky Bastard" -A Single male horse
I'm trying to take this seriously but "Donkey" is such a funny word.
@FilmerOfBobcats
3 жыл бұрын
How about the Spanish term "burro"?
Hiya, Mule ! Hiya, hiya!
A world run by hybrids, that’s Avatar. Platypus-Bears, Armadillo-Bears, Wolf-Bats, Badger-Moles, etc.
@finlayl2505
3 жыл бұрын
You forgot bears
@alexiswelsh5821
3 жыл бұрын
@@finlayl2505 Just bears? Like Basco?
@ObitoUchiha-jc4nh
3 жыл бұрын
One piece did it first
Farming and animal husbandry terminology for the mule was incorrectly applied to describe a person of mixed ethnicity, specifically where one of the parents is of African ancestry and the other is not, which resulted in the, now outdated, Spanish term, _mulato._
@spicybrown75
3 жыл бұрын
Oh....I didn't know that!
@xres1329
3 жыл бұрын
And in Hungarian the word "mulato" is a pub where you get drunk so don`t know who is your mate...
@i.cs.zamodits
3 жыл бұрын
@@xres1329 I mean. The prononciation is different.
Very good Mam❣️❣️
It's very fascinating, not the sterile part but that there is a *chance* that it'll work. I wouldn't be surprised if it's the same story all over the universe. Something being very unlikely but then takes place. I think we can throw in life as it is into that mix as well.
Interesting thanks
Is it the same as what creates the liger?
Always wondered what a Hinney was
I never knew I wanted to know the answer to that until I seen this video
no mule apocalypse? what a bummer
I learned something today 😁
"life finds a way"
With the mules that did breed, what were they bred to/with? Also, have there been any cases of hinny's breeding? And if so, what were the results for either mules or hinny's?
@hardanalljr.3138
Жыл бұрын
Wonder how Much a breedable mule costs probably millions
I have always wondered.
I’m curious how this applies to other hybrid animals: Grizzly/Polar bears, Wolves/Coyotes, Lions/Tigers. Is there something about Carnivora that makes hybrids more common and viable?
@stanleyhape8427
3 жыл бұрын
Well a bluejay and a cardinal can't cross breed.
@Strongpoint_S
3 жыл бұрын
1) Same number of chromosomes helps. 2)Common ancestor for those is closer in time
@FilmerOfBobcats
3 жыл бұрын
Members of canis are a good example of incomplete speciation. Under normal circumstances behavioral differences prevent mating between coyotes and wolves, wolves and dogs, coyotes and dogs. Jackals are too far physically removed from wolves and coyotes to hybridize with either, except in captivity. In captivity, though, wolves, coyotes, jackals, and dogs can freely interbreed and produce fertile offspring. In the Eastern USA, when wolves had been hunted to near extinction levels, coyotes moved in from the western states to occupy the now open niche that wolves had occupied. The occasional wolf still surviving in the area found it hard to find a wolf as a mate, so they mated with coyotes. The result is the highly adaptable and much larger Eastern coyote. Foxes, OTOH, are too far genetically removed to be able to form viable embryos when bred in captivity with dogs, coyotes, or wolves. Red foxes are not able to hybridize with grey foxes, as they are genetically incompatible, but red foxes can hybridize with arctic foxes to produce a sterile hybrid a lot bigger than either parent.
@leepeuschold2611
3 жыл бұрын
L
Hi, I studied genetics university 20 years ago. There is one thing I've never been able to understand. In the evolutionary process, how do chromosome counts and other rearrangements happen? Horses and donkies have a common ancestor. At some point there was a mutation that changed the number of chromisones in one of the lineages. But wouldn't that individual no be able to breed with others in its population? Furthermore, individuals with that mutation would have to replicate so successfully that they surplant to original form. Di we know how this process occurs?
@Strongpoint_S
3 жыл бұрын
1) Some chromosome-number-changing mutations are quite common. For example, Down syndrome appears in the human population again and again. 2) Speaking about Down syndrome, quoting Wikipedia: ...Males with Down syndrome usually do not father children, while females have lower rates of fertility relative to those who are unaffected.[63] Fertility is estimated to be present in 30-50% of females... As of 2006, three instances of males with Down syndrome fathering children and 26 cases of females having children have been reported.[63] Without assisted reproductive technologies, around half of the children of someone with Down syndrome will also have the syndrome. So, if Down syndrome was advantageous, it wouldn't take long for it to become a new norm.
So how did Neandrthals and Home Sapiens breed? Were they just variations of one human species?
Hot off the presses 🔥
Imagine that animal thinking she is a rare case of fertile mule find out she's just an ugly horse.
Are the donkeys and horses an example of convergent evolution or did an ancestor of both lose or gain a gene to create a separate species?
Every male mule is thinking, bring on the babes! Whoo Hoo!
Horses be like "love me some ass"
It was not an important question in my life but I had to wait for an intelligent answer for 70 years of not being able even to guess. I can die in peace now, Thanx to you!🦄
What is up fellow kool kids