Why 5G Engineering is AMAZING
Ғылым және технология
~ 5 clever engineering tricks that make 5G tick ~
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Keysight 5G
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0:00 5G makes my head hurt, how 5G works
1:25 How 5G beamforming works and why it's used
3:33 Why does 5g Use mmWave frequencies
5:36 5G data rates are insane - and how!
7:09 5G bandwidth parts
8:39 5G Numerologies and a flexible 5G data architecture
11:02 5G frame structure
12:01 5G technology is amazing
12:25 Keysight University Live Winners
Everything I can find about 5G is either SUPER HIGH LEVEL fluffy hype content or it’s super deep. . So today we’re going to walk the line between the two - geek out a little bit and explore how 5G works but not go agonizingly deep - So, I’ve picked out 5 of my favorite clever engineering tricks that make 5G tick.
Beamforming and beam steering
All the technologies before 5G, like 4, 3, 2, and 1G just sprayed signals everywhere. 5G can actually form a beam and send it right to a receiver. It’s called beam forming or beam steering.
This works because a 5G antenna isn’t just one antenna, it’s an array of antennas, it’s a bunch of them all piled in together and they are each individually controlled. By adjusting the phase of each antenna element you can actually point the beam in the direction you want it to go.
This is known as beam steering, and can be done with simple analog phase shifters for each antenna.
Beamforming takes beamsteering a step further and controls both the phase and the amplitude of the signal at each antenna element. With 5G beam forming, the receiver and the transmitter talk to each other to figure out what settings worked the best, where they got the best reception.
Beamforming is important for two reasons. The receiver might be moving! It might be a phone you’re walking with or a car driving down the road.
The beam has to follow and maintain the link.
It’s also important because the transmitter’s power focuses just on the receiver, there’s not a lot of energy wasted. For 4G we could afford to spray signal everywhere, but for 5G we can’t. We can’t because 5G uses much higher frequencies up into the mmWave range.
mmWave Frequencies
They are called mmWave because the wavelength is in the 1-10 mm range. As frequencies get higher, wireless signal loss increases. A lot. So as we go to higher frequencies we have to use beam forming to get better reception. These higher frequencies are actually a bit of nightmare.
Loss is a big issue. Path loss is how much power you lose between your transmitter and your receiver.
The power loss depends on distance - the farther they go the more power they lose. And power loss depends on frequency. The higher the frequency, the more power it loses per meter.
5G has specs for “frequency range 1” which goes up to about 7 GHz, and frequency range 2, which is in the 24 GHz to 52 GHz range.
If you search for "why does 5G use higher frequencies" the odds are you’ll get the wrong answer. The articles say something like “Higher frequencies mean a higher data rate” - this is very wrong. But, 5G does have higher data rate - insanely high data rates - because 5G uses wider bandwidths.
5G Data Rates
There’s a formula for the capacity, or data rate in a link, called the Shannon-Hartley theorem.
5G Bandwidth Parts
With bandwidth parts we can optimize portions of the carrier for different uses. We can split up our overall bandwidth and tweak characteristics like latency and throughput
5G Data Architecture and OFDM
5G and a lot of other wireless communication protocols use orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, or OFDM.
Basically this means you take your carrier and chop it up into neighboring subcarriers. Each subcarrier is shifted in phase, spaced out in frequency, and communicates data symbols, or just “symbols”, using some devilish RF trickery.
#5G #How5GWorks #5GEngineering #5GSignals #How5GWorksTechnical #5GEngineers #5GTechnologyDescription #RFEngineering #5GRFSignals #5GBeamforming #5GBeamsteering #5GmmWave #5GFrequencyRange #5GNumerology #5GPacket
Пікірлер: 191
Keysight University Live is going on now! Sign up here: bit.ly/KULive2 EDIT winners are: Hannes Duus , Philipp-Sebastian Vogt, Corey Smith, Rory McFeely
@excitedbox5705
3 жыл бұрын
You forgot the winners :D
@rogerspurr4404
3 жыл бұрын
5G breaks water molecules into enormous quantities of gas that expands 1700 times creating more global warming. It will alter our climate and is a very bad deal for global warming. It will PRESSURIZE the atmosphere.
@taylorlindley5578
3 жыл бұрын
@@rogerspurr4404 ? That's not even remotely how that works
@mudfossiluniversity
3 жыл бұрын
@@taylorlindley5578 explain why you think microwaves will not be ABSORBED by H2O? It is 100% certain and as they absorb they EXPAND 1700 times. I am interested in your explanation.
@mudfossiluniversity
3 жыл бұрын
@@NiksSofa We spin our electrons against the electrons in space (it is NOT EMPTY)...that creates the ionosphere and CRUSHES earth more and more...we expand by burning and 5G will be a disaster like blowing up a ballon.
As a mentally limited DC-person, this presentation was just right, well done! Can you cover the mind-control features of 5G next time?
@Lorenzo_apd
3 жыл бұрын
Are you working on some other precision equipment?
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
I would but the local 5G signals won't let me do that
@AynkaranRamachandiran
3 жыл бұрын
@@Lorenzo_apd I think so, probably 9.5 digits
@Lorenzo_apd
3 жыл бұрын
@@AynkaranRamachandiran can't wait to see the video release
@jabinstateresa
3 жыл бұрын
Oh hey, it's my man. When more multimeter repair videos?
The audio has a lot of treble and bass, lacks mid tones. Can you please flat out the equalizer. Thanks! :)
@JohnDoe-ce2wl
3 жыл бұрын
Death by exciter - you must learn to love the listening fatigue.
@Sosukz
3 жыл бұрын
Just wrote this comment as well luckly I'm not the only one!
God, my brain hurts just from watching this, can't imagine what it's like to actually research
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Did you see the first 10 seconds? That is 100% accurate.
12:25 - hey Daniel, you forgot to put my Name in the "Todays Winners"
4:29 is this total knowledge
I guess the other part of the reason why beamforming is needed is the difficulty in making high powered amplifiers in mmWaves, so we have to work with lower transmit power and higher path loss...
You got me. I came for the prizes but I stay for the content and the format. Really good quality. Feels genuine and it is not always "WHY KEYSIGHT PRODUCTS ARE OP"
Dear Daniel, as a speaker of multiple Slavic languages, I'm fairly certain you are mispronouncing your own last name. The emphasis should be on BogdAnov. Not BogdanOv. English speakers almost always put the emphasis in the wrong place, which is surprising in the sense that if emphasis was chosen randomly, the number of properly pronounced last names would be higher.
Mom : "What is 5G ? Me : "4G plus 1"
Well, I guess you forgot the winners ;)
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
wooow sorry! Here they are: Hannes Duus Philipp-Sebastian Vogt Corey Smith Rory McFeely
@falkoschmidt7119
3 жыл бұрын
Awesome. Congrats to all winners. Have fun with the devices and the new knowledge about 5G =)
@PrestonStephens
3 жыл бұрын
Haha yea I wondered about that!
@euxheniodragoj2806
3 жыл бұрын
@@KeysightLabs first you forget, now you mistake them...what's wrong with you? Where is my name?!?! 🤷🏻♂️ 😜🤣
@oskimac
3 жыл бұрын
@@KeysightLabs nop, you still forget one...
Why don't countries clean up their spectrums? The US could pay to upgrade archaic transmitters so they're more efficient. They did it once before when they reshuffled TV and radio stations.
Probably the best explanation I have come across. Thanks
Well done, very nice overview, truly impressive tech.
Excellent semi-technical overview of 5G technology. Thanks, Daniel!
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
When he was listing the previous standards, I was waiting for him to say, " ... 3G, 2G, G" instead of, "... 3G, 2G, 1G."
@hellelujahh
3 жыл бұрын
3G, 2G, 1G, Oooh Gee...
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
@@hellelujahh @steve Wheeler That would have been genius!
Very interesting video! Thanks Keysight!
4:29 *the overcomplicated friis equation*
Thanks for to the point info.
I can't emphasize enough how simple yet effective this video was in explaining the topic. Thanks.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
i finally have enough time to see the complete livestream this evening
Well done! Thank you
This is so helpful and educative, love it!
Awesome explanation! That's what I waited for this year :) Regards from 🇵🇱
Love that stock photo disclaimer! That was an excellent primer to 5G that certainly helped me understand some of the basic architectures. Seeing it laid out in this training, made it relatively easy to grasp and just from this information I can see why 5G is in many ways can be considered a quantum leap in wireless technology. Looking forward to going a bit deeper into it. There's so much disinformation out there it's nice to know that trusted sources like this are always within reach. Thanks Keysight.
Great video and explanation
Daniel, that's an excellent presentation. Great energy, great analogies and just enough geek-out to keep it really interesting with out making my eyes glaze-over! 😀👍
@KeysightLabs
Жыл бұрын
Thank you!
Quality content and breakdown! Also, I really love your shirt Daniel! :)
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
Good vid man
6:55 Heyyy, you also say “no free lunch.” Haha
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
TANSTAAFL
This makes me so excite
Hi, thank you
What does the G in 5G stand for? "Go to Keysight University Live" 😂
Excellent
Damn it's cool as f**k... Really great video man...
"Here are today's winners" Ah yes indeed.
@eaglebro2434
3 жыл бұрын
Haha yea it's like yesterday's stream where they forgot the 1st prize winner
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Haha, I need more sleep :)
@sida9439
3 жыл бұрын
@@eaglebro2434 not gonna matter :P not gonna win anything anyways :D
Clearly, it causes madness. Kidding. Excellent presentation. Just deep enough!
6:01 This is true, but wider frequency range can allow for more channels at a higher bandwidth to allow for more users to share the same frequency band without interference or interruption. ATV transmitters or fast-scan TV transmitters at 70cm or 420Mhz uses a huge portion of the band, so it can use high bandwidth frequencies on it, but only one of itself while other users would have to wait until the ATV stops transmitting. This caused a lot of problems when analog TV was around and ham operators were using these transmitters for model airplanes or ham TV. My 5cm (5.8GHz) ATV or video transmitter can actually jam up my family’s wifi pretty badly which is why I have to transmit away from 5.825GHz. This is the benefit of having a higher frequency because it can allow for more channels to operate away from commercial priority bands.
(Foil) hats off! Great presentation!
Perfectly presented content.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
I just got an AA in EE, for fun, as I already had a master's in ceramics. I would love to work there. Jealous
Keysight is the best!!!
What I want to know is, where can I get one of those swank Keysight coffee mugs?
Thanks for the nice video. When communications engineer says higher frequency means higher data rate, they are combining two steps (higher frequency means availability of bandwidth, and then more bandwidth means higher data rate). After all there is a trade off between being accurate and being simple. If you watch the video again, you ended up saying the same thing. Keep up the good videos.
10:34 "fewer slots," not "less slots." for future reference, if the object ends with an 's', you're gonna need to use "fewer," not "less." Capisce?
Been loving Daniel's videos for years. Keysight, give this guy a raise. He has a 2 year old! People who can speak geek, but actually look at you are a rarity.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Aww, thanks!
Probe the world to see it oscillate
Love ur videos, sucks that I didn’t get to win a scope while i needed it big time😭
Your example of path loss leaves out that you also shrank the antenna aperture. For a constant antenna aperture, path loss between the antennas is a much smaller factor or even zero in free space.
2:07 you love 5G, you love 5G
Your friend Mehdi can explain it to you pretty well over at Electroboom :D Btw: you sound weird today.
@ElectroBOOM
3 жыл бұрын
I can't explain it at this level! I had to watch this to learn stuff!
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Working on the audio mix!
@saimohnishmuralidharan5440
3 жыл бұрын
Greetings, my Lord.
Cool! 😎
5G makes my head hurt 💫
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
I actually bruised my forehead a little bit on that intro. 0/10 do not recommend.
Being a BTECH 1st year student, this really makes me rethink my decision to take electronics and communication engineering. This thing is so damn complicated. I hope I am not dumb that I can't understand all of it.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Just start small and learn the concepts as you go through your courses - it's not terribly hard to learn but takes time.
@fireracerworkshop8251
3 жыл бұрын
@@KeysightLabs thank you so much for your advice. I'll definately not loose hope. I'll start taking small steps rather than to make a huge leap forward.
Nice video 👍👍. I have just one question. How do you create suuuucchhh high frequencys. The usual plls or dds components can be max of 400Mhz or 1 GHZ. HOW DO YOU GET 5GHZ OR HIGHER????
@rfdspguru2
3 жыл бұрын
You shift the signal in frequency with a mixer. There are IC's that take in the 1 GHz signal and mix it to millimeter wave (e.g. 28 GHz). You do the same on the receiver to mix it back down.
@hayjaydee873
3 жыл бұрын
@@rfdspguru2 yes but for shifting you need a lot of hf frequencies again. For 30 GHZ you need 30 1ghz frequencies mixed together
I needed this 5G explanation
Okay. So the phased array stuff should be familiar to anyone who deals with radar as there have been phased array radars for many years now. I didn't know that 5G used it though. "How many bloody G's are there?" - Ozzy Osborne.
@LightCarver
2 жыл бұрын
Phased arrays were being used by hams at least as far back as the vacuum tube days. Usually just a pair of large antennas on one of the HF bands.
Well it´s pretty much bringing radio technology to consumers. Beam forming is cool!
@suicidalbanananana
3 жыл бұрын
Until it has to beamform to a few hundred/thousand people in all directions, then that whole thing stops working.
@TrickyNekro
3 жыл бұрын
@@suicidalbanananana Well that's the least of the problem, don't forget the high abortion. It's very cool technology but a bit gimmicky for consumer use. There are some industrial applications which can benefit greatly, but for the general public just a selling point.
Go easy on them. They're having a tuff week!!
i think you should make your vids more lively like electroboom so that viewers will not get bored but amazing video though😉👌
Good video, 5G virtualization is pretty deep topic as well, lots of antenna designs stuff the software is another beast, software defined networking, software define radio stacks, Xilinx Ultrascale FPGA's, technology at the finest scale of achievement. wung-lung-ho equipment is a no no.
The frequency allocation chart is confusing. Is AM radio takes a lot of bandwidth?
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, it's pretty low frequency so it eats up more.
speaking of high requencies, something is off about the audio's
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
We'll tweak the next one, thanks!
Man I registered to keysight university live, but it doesn't want to give me the link even if i have requested it 3 times :(
Too much eq on 10-16k Hz frequencies, lower them 5-10% and grow the mid eq up a bit to make your Brest voice more hearablr
Cool
Too many problems? Keep focused, just keep focused on HIGH DATA RATES!!
Cellphone towers use sector antennas. Not phase array
06:50 Na, I sadly cannot steam this video in 8K. It is only available in 1080p. :(
What is 60GHz and how does the Oxygen molecule respond to it?
is BeamForming the same thing SpaceX uses on its star link ground satellite receiver?
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
It appears to be, you can check out the antenna teardown from The Signal Path here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/mmqByK9xdanRd8o.html
GIMMIE DA MEEETAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Is anyone having the same problem I have - I cannot see the live event, nor can I figure out where it's recorded. AND, I'm an engineer...oh, there's the problem..
So keysight don't have own video of 5g antennas ? Hm.
TSP is the best indeed.
Why not go for tera hz
great explanation, but the last five minutes nearly fried my brain
"Let's pull up the spectrum allocations..." NO! GOD NO. STOP! DON'T DO IT...
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Herp derp
You should get Lena Pu on this.
Bndwidth parts are for selling/restricting spectrum. The end.
I have 5G in phone and my router.. Well, it's not penetrating walls very well.. 😂 After 2 concrete walls and 5 meters, signal strength is only one bar..
Yup, didnt understand a word of this...im i a geek?cause i keep watching this channel religiously.
Eventually, I want a Spectrum Analyzer from you guys to build microwave antennas and to analyze ham radios to ensure they are legal to operate. But it’s very expensive. 😕
@Bryan-Hensley
3 жыл бұрын
You'd suck.
• Hold on, I I have to rewind and watch this video again; I missed the part explaining how it causes Covid-19, all I heard was actual scientific facts. 🤔 • It's crazy the kinds of advanced things humans have come up with. 🤯
No winners today apparently :)
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Oh no! I'll get those added
Civilian : Beamforming Military RADAR : Yes Civilian : Milimeter wave Military RADAR : Yes Civilian : GaN, GaAs Military RADAR : Yes looks like we just second tier military people :v
Thanks, but I’m a bit dim, and I understood BigClive’s explanation better ...
🤯
New mic or new voice?
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
new voicebox who dis
They actually forgot to mention (or in this case display) todays winners. gg Keysight can I have a scope now :)
so... it is voodoo!
Stay tuned tomorrow 🎪 The biggest Giveaway of electronic stuff 💡
Ooo 5g vid
I can't stream this video in 8k because it's not filmed in 8k.😁
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Upscaling!
Something really off with that audio.
I thought the 6:34 and 6:54 glitch effect is funny.
@KeysightLabs
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! I almost took it out...
why ur voice is different?
0:10... or it's conspiracy theory :P
This was a great insite to 5G. But I gotta say, this giveaway is really hard to keep track off. Every year you have done it, I dunno if I am in or not, there's no list of who's won. Is this mcdonalds monopoly? Jess, give me an email each time I enter on the dailys, Not sure how clicking a button on the website to enter the daily draw identifies me and Doesn't give me an email to say I am in. Website is a mess, makes no sense. Videos are great, but the giveaway/competition side of things seems like a sideline non concern. Do a live draw or something.
No winners lol