What We Mean By Positive & Negative RNA Viruses
Positive-sense RNA viruses (or +RNA viruses) are a type of viruses that have a single-stranded RNA genome which can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated by the host cell's ribosomes into viral proteins. These viruses are called "positive-sense" because their RNA genome has the same sequence as the viral mRNA, which means it can be directly used to synthesize proteins.
Here are some key characteristics and examples of positive-sense RNA viruses:
1. Genome Structure: The genomic RNA of positive-sense RNA viruses is essentially the same as the viral mRNA. This allows the virus to start replicating and producing proteins as soon as it enters the host cell.
2. Replication: Positive-sense RNA viruses encode their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), an enzyme responsible for replicating the RNA genome within the host cell. The RdRp uses the viral RNA as a template to synthesize new viral RNA genomes.
3. Translation: Because the viral RNA can be directly translated by the host cell ribosomes, these viruses start producing viral proteins almost immediately after infection.
4. Viral Proteins: Positive-sense RNA viruses encode a variety of viral proteins, including those required for genome replication, viral assembly, and interactions with the host cell.
5. Examples:
- Picornaviruses: These include well-known viruses like the common cold-causing rhinoviruses, as well as enteroviruses (e.g., poliovirus and coxsackievirus). Picornaviruses have a small RNA genome and are responsible for a range of diseases.
- Flaviviruses: This family includes viruses like dengue virus, Zika virus, and hepatitis C virus. These viruses are transmitted primarily by arthropods and can cause diseases in humans ranging from mild to severe.
- Coronaviruses: While most positive-sense RNA viruses have small genomes, coronaviruses have larger genomes and are responsible for diseases like the common cold, as well as more severe diseases like SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), and COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2).
- Togaviruses: These include viruses like chikungunya virus and rubella virus. Chikungunya virus, for example, can cause symptoms similar to dengue fever and is transmitted by mosquitoes.
- Caliciviruses: Norovirus, a member of this family, is a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide.
Positive-sense RNA viruses can cause a wide range of diseases in humans and other animals. They often adapt rapidly to their hosts and can evolve quickly, leading to the emergence of new strains and potentially causing outbreaks or epidemics.
Пікірлер: 98
Honestly only commenting because I know it helps the algorithm gods. Very appreciative for this. Was very simple and answered literally what I was missing in my online class! Thank you. 🎉
Short & discrete, thank you you've just made my life easier.
Quick, concise, direct to the point. Just how I like it! Thank you!
Simple, to the point, and effective! I love it!
Simple, on point. The best. Thank you for that simple explanation.
wow thank you so much what an easy explanation clearly simplified!
wow I love this clear and concise. I was watching the influenza video from osmosis and it said it belongs to a family of orthomyxoviridae , so ended up learning googling this and got curious about the difference between negative and positive and found your video. Thank you.
Again 🧐this guys is amazing I swear ... only 2 minute took him to explain what my teacher usually take in 5 hours .... highly recommended ❤️
my fav channel from Now, thank u for helping
You explained that beautifully, thank you so much!
Well done and short to the point. A very nice review
This helped me understood better!! Thanks a lot!
I finally understood. Simple but very efficient explanation. Thx a lot!
Concise explanation, thank you very much !
that was simpler than I expected xD thanks for the video!!
Thankyou so much. Very simple but discrete!
Wonderfully concise! Thanks!
you the man,good teaching skills bro
thank you for the clear and easy explanation :) much gratitude
I'm glad I'm not the only one researching this timely topic.
An awesome video so thank you so much. It was very simple to understand.
THANK you so much that is amazingly simple and beautiful i ve researched this topic thousands of time and just now understood it
Thanks dude. You're a life saver
thank you sir. I was curious about what positive sense virus was when i read an article about coronavirus
Very helpful, thank you!
Excellent Lectures one of the channels that encourage me to start my channel in 2020.
amazing and crystal clear point.👍..thnx a lot
The most helpful and useful video on the internet
This was very helpful- thanks
Got it, alot of things from this short video ;thank you so much dear sir
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
precise lecture with clear understanding
thank you for the abbreviation!
thanx alot sir this is the best expression of this tipic that i found
Thanks dude, this really helps :b
Thank you very much, very helpful
thanks sweetheart that was great info!!
It was helpful video..well explained
so helpful, thank you!
This video is a life-saver
helped me thank you!
Thank you, i was so confused before this
thank you so much
Great video thank you!
Thank you , Good video
Much help.Thank you
👏👏👏🔥Thank you very much
Thanks sir!
now i got it after seeing your video. thanks a lot
Thank you so much. It was so easy. Tomo is my exam
amazing thank you sooooooo much
Nice presentation
thank you!!
THANK U!
I literally love you
Thank you 🙏🏻
Mother of dragons is remembered for sure ✅
wonderful explanation and easy to understand, but I need to know one thing.. how ( Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication) can help me memorize them since the positive have the same letters too? not harsh, but I want to get it because it's great.
Thank you very much.
Thanks 🙏
Thank you
Thank’s❤️
very nice!
Thanks
This video helped me to clear all doubt for tomorrow's exam thanks a lot
@USMLEpass
4 жыл бұрын
Wish all the very best.
@gouravsaha7605
4 жыл бұрын
@@USMLEpass thank you
What if in the RTPCR test the RNA Virus is Positive But the Sars Cov 2 is negative what does it means ?
Tnx boss
nice video....
Amazing
thx
and where does the enzym come from? is it part of the virus or is it part of the rezeptorcell?
@USMLEpass
5 жыл бұрын
It's encoded by the viral genome.
Nice video! But I am confused, retrovirus carries reverse transcriptase (an RdRP), however, retrovirus is still (+ve) sense RNA virus? Thanks!
@mohammadalradhawi1763
6 жыл бұрын
This is because retroviruses insert their RNA into the hosts DNA and so reverse transcriptase is used to convert the RNA into double stranded DNA which can now be inserted into the hosts DNA. Other viruses don't insert any of their RNA into the hosts DNA but use their ribosomes instead.
@user-zl4vj7cm8s
2 жыл бұрын
@@mohammadalradhawi1763 me too confused retrovirus has a RNA dependent RNA polymerase
مرحبا ممكن الجواب بالعربي بليييز لأن مااعرف
does anybody have a link to any video that gives important points about - + arn virus :( please help me HUMANS
@USMLEpass
3 жыл бұрын
Seems like a great topic idea! Working on it...
goat
What is the major difference between +RNA and -RNA?
@abdullahjamiu3184
Жыл бұрын
-RNA viruses usually come with packaged RdRp
Nice
i thought positive in the sense that going from 3' to 5' is positive and 5' to 3' would be negative lol
@xDomglmao
3 жыл бұрын
Common thought!
SARS COV 2 is also positive RNA virus?
@adarsh2430
4 жыл бұрын
Yes
I want it in Tamil pls
Wow
You forgot Coronavirus
❤🎉
This not good