*Side Note:* At 1:54, I say alternating voltage is used in our power grid because it's more efficient over long-distances. That's true because we can use transformers to raise the voltage up to the 100s of thousands. That drastic increase in voltage lowers the current by the same factor. Less current means less energy loss (P = I^2 R). Transformers don't work on direct voltage, so you're stuck with whatever voltage you originally generated. That voltage will have to be whatever is needed at the load (120V or 240V or 480V), not the 100s of thousands of volts that gives us good transmission efficiency.

@official-obama

2 жыл бұрын

why can’t you just transform dc to ac

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

@@official-obama We do with solar panels! Solar panels generate DC, so we have to convert them to AC before we can do anything with it. All the other energy sources generate AC, so there's no need.

@Basement-Science

2 жыл бұрын

I was going to complain. Just to add: At the same voltage, just sending power over wires is more efficient with DC, ignoring the transformation steps. It's only worth it over long distances though.

@pingnick

2 жыл бұрын

Interesting that aside from obviously superconducting that very long distance DC power lines are the most efficient I guess for over 1,000 km for taking say wind or solar power to an area not getting enough sun or wind - I had the thought that I wonder if solar cell projects in remote locations are always better off never switching to AC power until the end of many kilometers of DC lines!?🤯🔋🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🌈🗽☮️💟⚡️

@keithvanantwerp3198

2 жыл бұрын

Also direct current (DC) isn't defined as being "steady," it's just that it is unidirectional (common misconception).

I'm 63 years old, and I want to be like Nick Lucid when I grow up.

I've been binging all of the old SA videos, and I've got to say: not only am I impressed with how good they are early on, but also with how much they've gotten even better. Nick can explain anything now!

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! I work hard to improve myself and my work.

@jlpsinde

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum love your work

@Lucky10279

2 жыл бұрын

I agree.

@uninspired3583

2 жыл бұрын

This channel is an oasis in a desert world of misinformation

@shelley-anneharrisberg7409

2 жыл бұрын

Totally agree! :)

I’m so glad you made this video. As a EE major, you made me feel 100% less insane.

@MadScientist267

2 жыл бұрын

Nothing but magic smoke and fire. Just keep it locked up and it's all good 😁

@Errenium

2 жыл бұрын

it's okay to be a little crazy

@michellegutierrez6252

2 жыл бұрын

Same for me! xD

@ManyHeavens42

Жыл бұрын

Why does it take faith Less than Religion

I studied physics for years and today it was finally revealed to me WHY ohm is represented by omega. Everything makes so much more sense now.

@NakedSageAstrology

2 жыл бұрын

OM AyamThatayAm

@kellyjackson7889

2 жыл бұрын

@@NakedSageAstrology Dharmasticaly speaking.

@louf7178

2 жыл бұрын

I was never conscious of the spellings.

@dbmail545

2 жыл бұрын

I was an electronic technician for 40 years and it never occurred to me that Ohms, named after an important early electrical researcher would be represented by Omega as a pun on the guys name.

@DeclanMBrennan

2 жыл бұрын

A real OMeGa moment.

Wow, this explains it a lot more clearly than I ever got during my only electrical engineering course. I remember using formulas to calculate phasors and I had no idea what was going on. I've been with this channel from the beginning and it keeps getting better and better. Keep up the awesome work!

@MadScientist267

2 жыл бұрын

I'm glad y'all did. I watched this just because I know the cluster the explanations tend to be. This one didn't disappoint. I'm glad some can get it from this, never gonna knock a working method, but I already have my head around it and only loosely followed it in this presentation. "ELI the ICE man" is still the most straightforward way to remember all this. And of course the formulas lol

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

@@MadScientist267 Yep! I even put "ELI the ICE man" at the bottom of the screen at 7:18

@MadScientist267

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum Indeed lol this is one of those "throw all of it at the wall and see what sticks" deals 🤣

@Bob-em6kn

2 жыл бұрын

Bruh my lecturer only read the formulas

@ManyHeavens42

Жыл бұрын

Yeah but he doesn't tell us whether this applies to the lattice or not.

Note: Multiplying the RMS value by sqr Root 2 (to get Peak Voltage) will only work properly for a sine wave. Great topic! Thanks

@carultch

Жыл бұрын

And there are practical reasons why this matters. Some voltmeters measure true RMS while others just measure the peak voltage and assume it is sinusoidal to calculate the RMS voltage. If you have a harmonic-intensive load, you probably would want a true RMS voltmeter, rather than a standard voltmeter.

I appreciate that Star Trek Clone got so much screen time to make up for phaser disappointment :D

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Also, the fact that it's Star Trek Day doesn't hurt.

@duncanbarclay6919

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum he was wearing red. We'll never see him again. ☹️

@hanks.9833

2 жыл бұрын

@@duncanbarclay6919 that was just a clone.

@RS-ls7mm

2 жыл бұрын

@@duncanbarclay6919 Reminds me of "we need another Timmy"

I ask that you NEVER lose that human connection in your videos where you cut to yourself laughing at a joke or struggling to pronounce something, etc. It is essential to this channel :)

I LOVE that you add subtitles manually instead of relaying on KZread detection system. I'm not used to listen to english and sometimes is a bit hard for me to understand someone when talking at normal speed. Thank you, really.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Always.

Me taking a semester to understand RMS Nick: explains it in like 15 seconds in the cleanest way possible

Man, I admire other YT channels for their depth of factual understanding. I admire yours for your depth and clarity of hard to understand topics into simple analogies while keeping a fluent pace. You indeed justify your last name, Lucid Keep it coming. From an Indian viewer.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! 🤓

When I was little I would imagine that because alternate current is oscillating, the same electrons would be drifting back and forth in the wires around the same location for an eternity. I used to give names to the electrons in a little wire I had. I'd like to hear Nick's opinion on that XD

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

You are correct that the same electrons would (essentially) be in the same location forever. That's a lot of electrons to name though 😉

@kakalimukherjee3297

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum Thanks!

@JustinL614

2 жыл бұрын

@@kakalimukherjee3297 That must have taken a long time to come up with 7.8x10^23 names

@SoulDelSol

2 жыл бұрын

@@JustinL614 well let's get started. Joe. John. Hank.

@elimik31

2 жыл бұрын

One thing to consider is that independently of voltage, the free electrons undergo brownian motion (they are basically a gas) and thus drift over time in a random-walk-pattern.

I’m in a trade school (HVAC) this really helped me understand how electricity works thank u professor X !!!!

@gubx42

2 жыл бұрын

It is certainly important for HVAC, those who don't understand are forced to stay with HVDC.

@freddyrosenberg9288

2 жыл бұрын

@@gubx42 I Dsee what you did there.

@dbmail545

2 жыл бұрын

Yep. AC motors are classic inductive loads and require corrections to the load descriptions.

Well, well. I could have used this info 40+ years ago during my basic electronics training in the air force. Finally makes sense now! I've been living a lie all these years! Great job!

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Glad I could help! 🤓 (even if it was late)

8:20 They certainly make the math a LOT simpler -- it's _really_ convenient to be able to solve a comparatively simple algebra problem rather than a differential equation. I don't even remember exactly how phasors let us do that, but I remember being _really_ grateful for them in Circuits 1 last year. Euler's formula in general has _so many_ useful applications. The one thing I don't like about bringing in complex numbers is that it's a giant pain to solve a system of equations with complex valued coefficients -- it's way less involved when there are only "real" numbers. But then if we didn't use them we'd just have to used vectors and rotation matrices instead, which are just a more complicated way of doing the same thing anyway. 🤷

My mind is almost actually blown by having this stuff explained in such a simple way.

I simply love how he completely dresses up in star trek uniform for a 5sec shot, it makes these videos so enjoyable. And the topics are always interesting. Happy moment when a new vid releases or I find an old one I somehow haven’t seen yet

Omg was this really uploaded one minute ago? I was about to get mad at myself for having missed one of your videos! Keep up the great work. I absolutely love hearing your explanations.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

😆 Nope! You didn't miss it.

Having worked for two fortune 500 semiconductor companies and having earned most of an EE degree (went with CS at the end), I have never heard a clearer or more relatable explanation of AC power. The pithy additions about capacitors and inductors and their AC behavior are also the best I have seen, and somehow the video was even funny. In my opinion, you are the modern day Jaime Escalante.

Now that I'm out of high school, I'm gonna send this to my physics teacher to show him how to explain phasors the right way 😈

@trucid2

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe he can show the video in his class.

@JustinL614

2 жыл бұрын

I wouldn't say one way is right but whatever helps you understand it is good.

@Sam-tb9xu

2 жыл бұрын

Phasors are pretty advanced for high school. You gotta get Eulers formula and have calc and strong trig under your belt to really get it.

@organicfarm5524

2 жыл бұрын

This is college physics or electrical engineering..... without the knowledge of complex number and calculus this is pretty much useless.

@trucid2

2 жыл бұрын

​@@organicfarm5524 I was introduced to phasors in a non-engineering physics class. No calculus required. There is a difference between introducing a concept and being able to do complex calculations with it. Nick does it well here and I bet a good fraction of his viewers are still in high school.

You know its a good Wednesday when you finish work and see a new video from Science Asylum released 12 seconds ago. Keep up the good work Nick.

that transition into the ad was smooth. You are probably the first channel where I didnt skip the ad

By far, the best video i found on youtube about this topic. Very intuitive simple explanation. Thank you!

@ScienceAsylum

2 ай бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it! 🤓

Wow this is the first time I've actually heard about how imaginary numbers are actually used in electronics!! Every other video I watched just skips over it alluding to it being too complex, but this makes so much sense, tysm!

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Right?! It's not that complicated if you visualize it correctly.

@werefrogofassyria6609

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum no, imaginary numbers always makes it complex.

@nissemus

2 жыл бұрын

@@werefrogofassyria6609 Ba dum tish!

@werefrogofassyria6609

2 жыл бұрын

@Pramatha Kg Actually they do. Imaginary numbers do something really cool with lasers. Sorry, The Werefrog saw the whole thing with the calculations about 26 years ago, so the details are lost. It's just that the 4-cycle of imaginary numbers fit better than anything else. i =i i^2=-1 i^3=-i i^4=1 Repeat

@Lucky10279

2 жыл бұрын

@Pramatha Kg Yes. They're very useful for modeling anything involving rotation or cyclical behavior.

Now I see real life usage of complex numbers. And I like it.

I just wonder how much crazy a creator must be to put watermark "sponsor segment" in the video? I would like to show my appreciation toward this degree of transparency. These days this kind of craziness is rare somehow.

Hey! thanks for mentioning Oliver Heaviside! the man deserves a lot of credit for all the great stuff he created and for giving EM theory the shape it have today!

Note: The circuit is RLC series circuit. Thus current through all circuit components is same. The voltage is divided among R,L & C whose phasors are explained very nicely.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, I suppose I should have mentioned it was a series circuit. It's just the quintessential phasor example.

You and my EE professor would get along. You both did a fantastic job explaining phasors! As much as that circuits class was a pain to be taken for my ME program, I really appreciated the material covered by the end of the class; AC circuits are awesome!

09:09 - That segue was smooth as a cashmere codpiece :)

I wish this video existed when I was learning this in college. You do such a good job explaining! Subbed

@ScienceAsylum

Күн бұрын

Thanks! I'm still proud of this video.

I can't explain how excited I get when you upload a new video! Time to learn something new :)

Thanks Mr. Science Asylum, for helping me actually like physics. Your content is amazing and sooo much fun! Thanks again!🙂

@chai7600

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for ❤ing my comment!

Dude. I can't explain how thankful I am for your videos. My Electrical Engineering professor just threw phasors and complex numbers with no explanation and sure I could work with it, but it's sooo much nicer to understand WHY I'm working with it. I also really like how you give background too. Solid videos, thanks!!

@ScienceAsylum

Ай бұрын

Glad I could help! I enjoyed making this video. Phasor diagrams make so much more sense when you see them in motion.

Oliver does not get the love he deserves! A genius... Simplifying Maxwell's equation with multivariate calculus, relativistic electrodynamics (solving Maxwell's equations in motion), this... The man deserves better.

Thanks for making this video , I read ac current in school but didn't get most of it , your video explains a lot easier ❤️

Our physics teacher told students they are "phase shifted" when they took noticeable time to respond to a question. Now I know what she meant.

Ollie also took Maxwell's 21 equations and 21 unknowns and produced the 4 equations we attribute to Maxwell. Maxwell did the work, but Ollie made it beautiful.

You call your channel science asylum, yet you explain so well you make insane topics look sane

4:28 I laughed out loud at that joke.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

😂

This is literally the topic that will be start in my next class tomorrow 😂. Thanks for the insight to it

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

I hope this helps 🤓

@TheHumanHades

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum 🙂👍🏻

Once in a question 220V AC vs DC I read that 220 volt AC can give shock equivalent to √2×220 volts when the voltage rises to max. But it confused me so much that I stopped thinking about that. Now this got cleared. Thanks a lot for giving such awesome videos for free.

At this point a handful of the Asylum's videos can replace an entire physics semester.

Its funny how we make things complex only to make them simpler

Thank you very much 😊 This video was much needed for me...because i wasn't able to understand the lead and lag thing....thanks again 🙃

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Glad I could helped 🤓

Great channel and video. As an EE grad from way back in 1995 it's been a while since I've heard the terms lag and lead wrt capacitance and inductance. Brought a smile to my face!

I met my wife in an electrical engineering collage lab, when she was explaining to me how to calculate phasors in 1976. That was about the time Star Wars came out with phase shifter effect on Darth Vader's voice.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

That's fun! I'm glad you found her 🙂

This man just explained RMS in the easiest way to understand ever!

Gotta love Star Trek clone on Star Trek day!

Thank you very much for making this video, I really had the worst understanding of AC current, even though I have already studied phasors 2 years ago. You always will have a special place in my heart.

Loved the clips of the laughter, felt more real. Keep up the great content, love all the great info!

Poor Star Trek clone was soooo excited 🥺🥺🥺

We need more Star Trek clone

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

I'll let him know you like him 😉

The way Nick laugh is pure wholesomeness.

I've never feel bored watching your videos instead I feel interested and inspired.

I've never understood this, alternate current or whatever. I still don't.

@JustinL614

2 жыл бұрын

The way he's explaining it is still a bit advanced. This imo is the simplest way of understanding it. Electricity like anything else needs a prime mover. In a DC circuit you have positive and negative. It's one direction. Electricity flows from positive to negative. Now AC is simply this.. switch the positive and the negative rapidly. A simple example of this would be to put a spinning magnet, so that the + and - flip very often. This is the frequency, how often something occurs, which in the USA is 60Hz (60x per second). What happens is the electrons gain the energy but instead of traveling in one direction they jiggle back and forth. The same amount of energy can be produced just in different ratios, with more uses and alot greater distances. There's alot more to it but without getting into the details or the math those are the basics. Furthermore by tweaking different values such as turning up the frequency we have discovered radio waves and more.

@tTtt-ho3tq

2 жыл бұрын

@@JustinL614 Thank you for your comment. Thing is AC simply don't make no sense to me whereas DC makes sense. I've no idea why that is, though. And powerplants make electric power, AC electricity and transmit through the lines, thousands of miles away. And energy of electricity is used up. And and there're transformers in between. There's no physical direct connection. DC is simpler and makes sense. But AC? Don't know what but that just don't make no sense to me.

@gnanay8555

2 жыл бұрын

@@tTtt-ho3tq Do you know that electricity is transmitted at ~75% the speed of light, but electrons themselves are moving at a few millimeters each minute ? Current being DC or AC. Energy is not transported by electrons. The energy is in the movement of the electrons. The lightbulb goes on because billions of electrons are heating it up by their movement.

As someone who next year is starting my degree in electrical engineering, and a fellow physics lover, this video was extremely useful and interesting! Thank you!

Dude, your is one the best science channels. While other repeat themselves in quantum hype, your content in authentic and real

Nick, you're killing it again!

Cool vid, as usual. Just wanted to say I appreciated how straight forward your sponsored ad was. Ads that tell me something I might find useful exists... no bad in that.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! It's important to me that the sponsored segments aren't pushy.

Very nicely done, Nick. Thinking of some particular set of 'rotating phasors' has become my mental model of what the Fourier decomposition of an arbitrary waveform produces. Mathematically you determine all the phasors. Individually you get the 'fixed' length and frequency of each phasor, all presented in a 'snapshot taken at t=0' (which also shows the "initial" Angle of each phasor at said t=0 instant in time). Generating the complex waveform from the determined set of phasors is then: a) setup the t=0 diagram ; b) now rotate each phasor through time according to its own frequency ; c) then you can sum up the real/imag components, at any time instant to get actual real/imag values at that instant. I like to think of each phasor arrow as spinning on some 'weird clock' where each phasor frequency is actioned by an appropriate 'gear ratio' existing between that phasor's 'output drive shaft' and the 'main input drive shaft', the latter having a handle attached that you can "hand crank in your own mind".

Euler's identity is really one of my favorites. As an Electrical Eng student, not only we use this to represent circuit's voltage and current as phasors but we also use this in fourier analysis and understanding solutions of linear differential equations representing harmonic system.

This video is a Venn Diagram overlap between Science Asylum and Technology Connections, and I'm here for it.

Always good stuff from the Science Asylum.

I love you bro! I'm an electrician (2 years in school) This kind of video helps understand these very confusing concepts.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Glad I could help! 🤓

Man I could not wrap my head around phasors until I watched this, 100% clearest video on how they work, great video.

Super helpful description of RMS voltage.

Love the video as always. Has a real 3 Blue 1 Brown vibe with the complex number visualization. Great video! I learned a lot!

He does it again: A simple, straightforward, and understandable explanation of RMS. Taking what was a vague memory of having once understood the concept and solidifying it in my mind. Thanks very much.

@CatFish107

Жыл бұрын

also, some real fun can be had by trying out changing the phase of a current alternating in the audible frequency range. VCV Rack is free software that emulates eurorack synthesizer modules. There's oscilloscopes to watch the results as you listen!

This was awesome! I love seeing a reason for Imaginary! The phasor diagram helped visualize what is going on really well

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Happy to help 🤓

The graphics were AWESOME!!! Thank you.

Wow! That was an amazing-beautiful explanation! As an Electrical Engineer (still wanting to study Physics btw xD) felt so well and easily explained, great job Nick! :)

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it 🤓

Omg the whole Phasor thing makes so much more sense now

Great video. The rotating vectors show how the addition of inductance (e.g.motor windings) creates larger peak voltage swings, and how power factor correction in industry (adding capacitance) cancels out that inductance

This is THE video on AC I've been waiting for for years !!!!!!!!

Since the last 3 of your videos, I feel like it's been too long, video should be out by now. And I refresh, and BAAAM! My claim may not be scientifically significant and a mere coincidence! But the feeling is amazing!

This managed to both explain things clearly, and also leave me with more questions than I started with. Now I have to go and learn stuff, thanks a lot ;)

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

You're welcome 😉

always love learning new ways at looking at something in my trade.

Great way to imagine. It sure helped me to view things in new perspective.

Awesome as always!

The explanation of RMS was superb

Best visual representation of phasors on the internet

Another great video. Next stop 3 phase and the beauty of 3^(1/2)

Thank you for this powerful presentation

I'm trained as an army electrician, and this video nails it. A rotational diagram simplifies what has alway been tricky and complicated to keep track of. 👍

Wow, fantastic crisp explanation of very difficult concepts. Thank you1

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it! 🤓

Please do more videos about electrical components and their reaction to the electric current I love it

I haven't watched this yet, but I just know I'm about to come out of this with a better understanding of phasors and I'm so excited about it.

This made me subscribe. Awesome video!

Thank you for your time and work. I love the topics and the way you teach

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! 🤓

I just started studying maths and physics by myself, and i already purchased your booK. I know it's not my level yet, but i really wanted to get it and support your wonderful work :) thanks a lot nick

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

Awesome as always

this was absolutely amazing! you explain so so well and make it incredibly easy to understand! thank you for your hardwork

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! 🤓

Amazing vid as usual!

3:00 That's actually a really good analogy for the standard deviation too. I kind of wanna show it to my stat students now, but I'm afraid the wave will confuse them, since it's not really relevant to stats. :)

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

Interesting 🤔. Yeah, I don't know if your stats class would connect with it like you do.

@Lucky10279

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum Not a class, just individual students I tutor. :) There's another diagram I usually show students who ask about the standard deviation which works pretty well -- I just really liked the way you the phrased the meaning of the RMS: "it's the root, of the mean, of the squares." That's literally exactly the same thing the standard deviation is; the only difference is that the squares in the standard deviation are the squared _differences_ between the data values and the mean while the squares in the RMS value are the squares of the values themselves. I wish I'd heard it phrased that way when I first learned about the standard deviation years ago. For a long time all I knew was that it was _some_ sort of measure of spread. I don't remember when I actually started to understand it. I do kind of wish we used the mean deviation (the average of the absolute values of the differences) instead though, as sample mean deviations tend to be closer to the corresponding population one than sample standard deviations. Or at least that's what I've read anyway -- I haven't actually tested it. We're mostly just stuck with standard deviation now because it's been a standard measure of spread for so long and, as you know, changing conventions is _hard._ I have a feeling taking the average of the absolute values of the voltage/current values might also give us a value that's closer to the midpoint of the wave than the RMS is, which seems like it'd be preferable. But as you said, the RMS value is really popular now so, for better or worse, I suppose we're stuck with it.

One of my fav channels! Thank you for the science sir.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

You're welcome 🤓

I think a good science explaining video is the one (like this one) in which I know nothing on the matter at all (or rather, find out I don't know nearly enough as I previously thought) and still watch the full video... kudos Nick, great as always

Of all the videos you have made so far, this one looked like the most fun one to make.

@ScienceAsylum

2 жыл бұрын

It was pretty fun.

@alexandertownsend3291

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScienceAsylum i am glad. It turned out great.

great video nick