If the kernel is doing its job, when will it get promoted? Just asking in general.

@savagepro9060

3 ай бұрын

kernels do their job and never ask for arrays!

@BalancedSpirit79

3 ай бұрын

@@savagepro9060 XD Win.

@potapotapotapotapotapota

3 ай бұрын

if kernel gets promoted it goes to your local cinema to be transformed into something greater

@sicfxmusic

3 ай бұрын

Unfortunately it has signed a contract that never expires.

@BlueRice

3 ай бұрын

it will be promoted to code name popcorn

1:39 I love that you showed Firefox earlier for programs, then Chrome here when talking about programs trying to access things they shouldn't hahaha

@BS-vf1nv

6 күн бұрын

Apologies, I'm not sober right now. But I do have an important question. Is chrome trying to access the kernel of my pc?

Kernel developer commenting on an issue: "that's strange, it worked on my pc"

One of my dogs understood commands in English, German and Spanish. The original owner mostly used English, but would occasionally switch to Spanish for some reason. I ended up training her to understand German as well, so I could get her to do stuff without my neighbor's dog running over thinking i was talking to him. She also understood that German was the ultimate authority and if she was being directed by two different people and got conflicting instructions, she'd prioritize the German one. Dogs are absolutely amazing!

@RunningtoCatchMyBreath

Ай бұрын

Why are you talking about your dawg?

@RunningtoCatchMyBreath

Ай бұрын

Never mind I finished watching the video

@RecycleGeeks

Ай бұрын

@@RunningtoCatchMyBreath hahaha omg that must have been so confusing without the end of the video context 🤣

@pyropulseIXXI

8 күн бұрын

The dog doesn't understand languages, you oaf; the dog only understands basic sounds and tones. I prove this to every dog owner by issuing commands in pure gibberish that has the same tone as what they use to issue commands normally, and it completely works. Similarly, I can get a dog to sit via calling it a 'stupid fuck' in the same tone as saying 'sit' (for dogs that were trained to sit via told to 'sit'). If you issued commands in a German tone, the dog would follow that as the 'highest authority.'

This acting of the driver's recovery deserves a goddamned Oscar

Speaking of Graphics Driver recovery, if you press WIN+CTRL+SHIFT+B at any time, it will restart your graphics driver on demand. You'll hear a beep and see your displays flash (or come back if your video blacked out) -- it's a good first step in fixing random video glitches.

@RealAdiker

3 ай бұрын

Keep in mind though that it doesn't really "reset" your graphics driver. It forces Windows to create allocation from GPU to DWM, effectively discarding surface buffer (that's why it black screens for a split second). If you really want to restart you driver, use something like restart64.exe from ToastyX CRU.

@olivereisenberger7215

3 ай бұрын

I tried this a couple of times, every single time the issues got worse. Maybe I'm just unlucky

@yulpark9299

3 ай бұрын

@@olivereisenberger7215maybe it wasnt a drivers issue

@BlueRice

3 ай бұрын

that doesnt really works. there's a app that does that but better. i know cause i used it. with my 2ndary display.

@Anas7ergun

3 ай бұрын

In my case I also have to go to task manager and manually kill and start explorer. After that the system works as a charm. Except until the next display crash.

Great explanation of what a kernel is and how it functions as a mediator between the hardware and software. I appreciate the simplicity with which you've broken down this highly technical concept.

"unless its a German Shepperd... in this case... JAIL!" LOOOOL

@creeper6530

3 ай бұрын

Riley looks like a German, so the joke is twice as funny to me

@karitrik3606

2 ай бұрын

I'm sure that's a full metal alchemist anime refererence lol. when Mr. Tucker turned her daughter and dog into a talking chimera lol. kinda messed up what he did.

@karitrik3606

2 ай бұрын

I'm sure that's a full metal alchemist anime refererence lol. when Mr. Tucker turned her daughter and dog into a talking chimera lol. kinda messed up what he did.

I like how most people that watch this kind of videos already know everything about the subject that is being talked about, instead of people who actually want to learn something new about their system.

@jamesmnguyen

2 ай бұрын

It doesn't hurt to refresh your knowledge. Maybe you'll realize you forgot something or oversimplified it.

WHY IS NOBODY TALKING ABOUT WINDOWS UPDATE BEING BROKEN FOR THE LAST MONTH?

@lorderussellandrews560

Ай бұрын

thought it was just me

@Dobby_zuul

Ай бұрын

Because most of us are on Macs 😅

@fred972levrai

Ай бұрын

Only unusual subjects are discussed here, so Windows going wrong is irrelevant.

@jasonjason5325

Ай бұрын

It's still broken

@MakerManX

Ай бұрын

​@@Dobby_zuul I highly doubt that

You mean they don't just get together under the spacebar for drinks and have a lovely chat?

I love Riley. He's such a character.

When I hear kernel, I think about how much time I spent debugging BSODs caused by my own driver :)

@theengineer2017

3 ай бұрын

AMD?

@Sigma1

3 ай бұрын

@@theengineer2017 no? My own driver.

@BlueEyedVibeChecker

3 ай бұрын

"AmD?" My guy still living in 2010 lmao

@DebuggerKnight

3 ай бұрын

bro is still stuck in the Piledriver era

@theengineer2017

3 ай бұрын

@@BlueEyedVibeChecker ​I always have used Nvidia but decided to give AMD a try and bought a 6700XT, not even a full 2 months later and I had a permanent BSOD and had to bring it to a repair shop, I had used a RTX 3080 for oven year and a half with the only issue being the shitty PCIE 180 adapters

Who gave that definition of microkernel and monolithic kernel? It's nothing to do with processes - it's about how things like drivers are incorporated into the kernel. Your definition of OS also needs work - GNU/Linux systems have most of the operating system *outside* of the kernel, despite the kernel being monolithic.

@hwstar9416

3 ай бұрын

Yeah they clearly didn't do proper research for this video.

@Lurker-dk8jk

3 ай бұрын

I was taught the reverse. That Windows was monolithic and Linux was a microkernel. This way, a bad driver in Linux couldn't bring the entire system down.

@mathman0569

3 ай бұрын

@@Lurker-dk8jk No, early on in linux's history people thought linux was going to get replaced by gnu/hurd due to hurd being a micro kernel while linux is monolithic. Windows used to be monothlithic but they moved a hybrid kernel. Most everyone has abondonded the micro kernel due to poor performance. The reason why linux is so stable is due to how many companies and people want linux to be stable, with windows microsoft are the only ones that can work on it, with linux, litterally anyone can work on it. And linux has an unstable kernel space, which means unlike windows kernel space, it can change, windows tries to keep it the same, while linux really doesn't care, it'll change, nothing huge, but it will, while linux has a stable user space, which is where all your software runs.

@habilain

3 ай бұрын

@@Lurker-dk8jk Further to @mathman0569's comment about the history, the other thing to point out is access control and error handling mechanisms. A bad driver in a microkernel can certainly nuke a system if the microkernel doesn't enforce proper safety, and a monolithic kernel can handle a bad driver if access control is correctly implemented (case in point: the experimental bcachefs driver in Linux had some crashing bugs, but hitting one of those bugs only lost access to the filesystem, not causing a kernel panic). Monolithic vs micro-kernel these days is really more to do with just how the kernel and drivers are packaged up than anything else, and this video conflated so many aspects of kernel, security, OS etc that it's really not helpful at all.

It would be cool if yall would make something like a "techquickie deep dive" it so sounds weird I know, but I would like more information about these topics in they way LTT delivers them.

I wish you guys made the videos for my CompTIA Test Out assignments. I'm currently doing PC Pro and their videos are bland and vary straight forward, making it harder for me to focus on them. The way you guys deliver information is extremely easy to follow and focus on. It'd be cool if you all could some how partner/collab with them to help make learning a lot easier and more enjoyable instead of daunting and boring. Not sure how difficult that would be to set up. I imagine very.

Literally taking a class about operating systems this semester. Fun video.

the hardware abstraction layer is arguably more of a side effect than it is a design, i mean you can't develop an operating system and worry about the device drivers at the same time, at least they couldn't at the time

windows nt has never been a microkernel. ppl thought it was going to be before it was released, but its always incorporated most drivers into the kernel making it a hybrid kernel from the start.

This is good explanation. So a kernel is like a conductor in an orchestra for the computer's hardware when they try to talk to each other?

@MasterGeekMX

3 ай бұрын

Yes. And your programs are the music sheet they need to "run".

@gimlicz3862

3 ай бұрын

Imagine it like a police man. If driver missbehaves, it gets stop and gets ticket. And in extreme cases police man sacrifice himself to get driver killed. If one hardware wants to interact with other, its somewhat different. Because driver can, in some cases, talk to other driver or hardware. Its complicated but imagine you have teacher infront of you and you have friend sitting next to you. If teacher is benevolent enough, he can allow you to talk to your friend directly. Driver is basically just a recept, how to manipulate with memory of hardware and its only a question of implementation, how you teach it to behave. Kernel just checks, if you dont do any ilegal moves, like stealing someones lunchbox.

@null-nl5su

3 ай бұрын

@@gimlicz3862 The driver can actually do whatever it wants, it has the same access as the kernel. The kernel is just responsible for loading the driver, providing services for it and allowing other drivers or userspace to use it. I think a better analogy is that drivers are people and the kernel is a society or company, allowing them to work together to produce something bigger.

@EdowythIndowyl

3 ай бұрын

The kernel manages "permission to access", "methods to access", and "scheduling" for the computer's hardware. Basically: "who, how, and when" a program gets to interact with the hardware of the computer. Drivers are the low-level software that a hardware manufacturer (or concerned 3rd party) can write to allow the kernel (and others) access to functionality of the hardware. Nowadays, due to plug-and-play and similar efforts, there are generic drivers that will give you basic access to a piece of hardware. So, if you get a fancy new graphics card you don't have to "install a driver and ONLY after that, install the graphics card". Instead, you can install the new graphics card, use the generic driver to get basic access to the card to be able to use your computer, then download and install the SPECIFIC driver that will allow you to use all the features of your new card. This was the result of monumental efforts by manufacturers, operating system developers, and compiler writers. Most of the time, now, people don't even have to update their drivers as the new versions are automatically downloaded and installed for them. A better analogy would be that a kernel is like an elementary school teacher: she makes sure that all the little hardware bits act the way they should, don't hurt each other, take turns when playing with friends, speak the same language to each other, and don't start cursing. A kernel panic is when three of the kids start barfing at the same time. She runs next door and gets help taking the kids to the nurse, and calls a janitor, and moves all the kids next door until the room is clean. Then, all the not-sick kids come back to the room and the class restarts. Something that blows most people's minds is that your hard drive is a piece of hardware -- so the kernel is stored on something it is supposed to manage access to: how does the kernel ever get read out of the hard drive so that the operating system can start? Just like with generic drivers, there is a generic OS that sets up the first steps to start your computer. It is a boot-loader. It "loads stuff so that we can start up (boot) the OS". Anyway. Most modern operating systems are extremely bloated, so the kernel (the initial purpose of the operating system) is typically a very tiny part of what an OS actually provides.

Nice, high-level description of a complex term. I like this video.

Thank you Riley, for this very useful clip. Keep 'em coming!

In a increasingly paranoid state. On MS-DOS, any program could access any part of the computer at any time without any restrictions. Windows 3.x optionally could use the protected mode and separation of kernel/user space to protect the OS to a certain extent. Windows 95 makes mandatory that every program run in the user space, XP sends some more "flaky non important drivers" for the user space, and vista sent EVERYONE to the user space, probably because ATI/AMD wasn't exactly kernel space material.

@Roxor128

3 ай бұрын

Yeah, the "Disk" part of the DOS acronym is the key part. Dealing with disks is hard. Even if programmers were bit-banging the hardware for performance in other areas (as was the case for most games of the era), they left anything to do with files and disks to DOS. There's little performance reason to implement your own disk handler, and the risk of a bug corrupting the file system is too great. The few programs that did implement their own disk routines were things like backup and recovery programs. The former because they often used custom disk formats to squeeze more capacity out of a floppy, and the latter just due to the nature of what they had to do.

@dan_loup

3 ай бұрын

​@@Roxor128​It gets even worse when you have to deal with different kinds of drives, different kinds of file systems, networks.. you're one fancy new doublespace away from having your software that access the disk directly breaking. But DOS does offer some other nice facilities, like handling I/O and even some sort of rudimentar memory management. It don't quite enforce it, but you can ask DOS to "allocate" memory for you, and if your program and TSRs etc behave, it helps.

thank you bro your explanation was easy to understand

I actually had not tinyest idea what the kernel was despite reading and hearing the term countless times. THANK YOU very much❤❤

Riley was really trying to slow down and tune down the humer on this one :D Love the guy

This is a great format and a wonderful hosting job. Informative and interesting. Riley is bae. Keep on being awesome.

That was informative! Thanks!

Damn I was really hoping to hear Riley trying to speak a sentence of german after this awesome setup with the dog

4:28 Getting a blue screen is genuinely one of the scariest experiences of my life to this day

4:31 thanks for wholesome reassurance

I love these types of videos, they help me a lot in my engineering education.

@hwstar9416

3 ай бұрын

Huh? This video is super surface level and has some wrong info. Read a book or smthn lmao

@Priyajit_Ghosh

3 ай бұрын

@@hwstar9416 I know it's very surface level, but it's also super interesting.

after taking OS lasts semester im so proud i know what he's talking about

5 minute videos really should not have a 1 minute sponsor in between..

@Matt43

3 ай бұрын

how else should they pay salaries?

@DogsBAwesome

3 ай бұрын

40 seconds

@mattmcginn8096

3 ай бұрын

30 second ads on 5 minute videos is an option ​@@Matt43

@Rushil69420

3 ай бұрын

@@Matt43 idk they could try selling $70 screwdrivers, and maybe mousepads and water bottles for $30

@gamechannelminecraft6583

3 ай бұрын

Hi

Not the worst description of a kernel I’ve ever heard…. My comp sci teacher would have been proud :)

That orange juice line at 4:11 was so random it made me comment, haha. Awesome video. Thanks for the explanation!

Thank you so much. I have a better understanding now of the 'Windows Stop Error'. I may never again own a Windows PC for personal use. Yet at least now I know more about the Blue Screen of Death

Suggestion: How about a video covering how processes, threads, and handles work together in Task Manager?

@Hallilo

3 ай бұрын

they have nothing really to do with taskmanager

The kernel controls interactions between the user interface and the hardware. The kernel also gives instructions to drivers which interact with hardware and any firmware on a device. In this way hardware can interact with other hardware safely.

I've learned computing on a RasPi and always was a tinkerer. So I broke the Kernel on a daily basis, so for me a Kernel Panic was a familiar sight. Back then I would just reflash the SD (I even cobbled together a bash script to install my favourite programs in one go and open the settings panels for me to apply my favourite settings). Now I would actually try to fix it. For example got my file system corrupted once, so after the Kernel had booted it would stop and throw me into the initramfs prompt. From there I could fix the issue. But I also got some strange Kernel Panics on Ubuntu on my iMac recently, so I tried to fix it for days until I just wiped and reinstalled it. Haven't really used it since because I am mostly on my school laptop.

This is a definitive video for tech quicky.

man that intro, if only windows did provide details kernel panics... joys of linux

Have you guys done a video on scroll lock? I know it used to get used for dos and IBM compatible machines. I dont think I've ever actually used it, but its been on every keyboard I've owned

That code at the beginning is just regular old code written in (if I am not completely mistaken) the C programming language, it's not a debug-log which would be useful to a kernel developer. Most kernels include at least some (most even A LOT) of C-code, but the faulty parts of that code can be looked up by the developer themself and don't have to be written onto the screen. And yes, I've been the hero on every single party I went to. Mostly because I've never been at one, but those are details.

I like tech news from this guy

Everyone love you sir

Cool thanks for good information ❤🎉

Thanks Riley, now im looking up rgb shower heads on Amazon

In IBM mainframes, the DOS or OS kernel is called the “nucleus,” which is just Latin for “little nut,” that is, kernel. Basically, the nucleus is the single DOS phase or OS load module loaded at IPL (boot) time which never gets swapped out, but can call many other modules as needed.

Nice video, well done gentlesirs

kernels do their job and never ask for arrays!

This should be it's own series.

@TheRealSkeletor

3 ай бұрын

Yeah, imagine if they came up with a series of short explainers and called it something like Techquickie.

@justinlua4848

3 ай бұрын

They could make a whole channel of stuff like this

The intro got me even though im watching on a phone

i've been trying to learn Linux, and this kernal analogy helped a lot i don't know your name but i call you Mustache Man

The kernel also handles task and context switching.

Linux is not a hybrid kernel. It does have dynamically loadable kernel modules but that is unrelated to the monolithic/hybrid/micro kernel distinction.

Personal failure gpus differed for me: 1) from an older Nvidia GPU back in 2008, the laptop survived 2 years. The first issue is when the hardware acceleration for windows was slugging along. Then the graphical glitches of icons came and the vertical gray lines of death. Then a half screen happened with the other half mirrored vertically through the middle. There was no indication from the GPU that this was happening. Thanks XP Shortly after, if quite booting up

The hybrid cernal sounds good. They should make the software capable of fixing itself.

I like that joke at the end, really funny. 😅

I told them I wasn't crazy! All those voices at night were just my PC components talking to each other, I wasn't "just hearing things" at all!

The funniest thing is as a developer I was expecting Windows to be the monolith, but then again because they (unlike crApple) have to support literally billions of alternative configurations I can see why the inverse is true.

The German Shepherd deserves an Oscar Award

"Kernel, I'm trying to sneak around"

This guy is fun!

I like that kernel panic

Riley is EASILY the most entertaining LTT presenter!

Nice job with that firefox

@user-vj7ec1rb4j

3 ай бұрын

But then it's opera gx at 4:58

Thank you for the overview. I have to say that Windows does not BSOD like it did 30 years ago.

The starting really scared me 😮😅

00:07 The kernel is the heart of an operating system. 00:55 Kernels provide standardized interface for software on different hardware configurations. 01:37 Kernel provides security and stability to prevent unauthorized access 02:19 ODU offers a quick and painless website building experience with its open-source intuitive platform. 02:57 Kernels can be monolithic or micro, each with its advantages. 03:44 Operating systems like Linux and Windows have different approaches to kernel design. 04:23 Error handling in OS and kernel panic 05:03 Kernel is the core of an operating system.

Yes it does! My computer does hate me. Ocassionally. Not as often as before... but still.

You noticed my rgb shower head!! 🥰 You noticed my rgb shower head!?… 😳

oh wow, the german shepard in jail at the end. that killed me lol. i really am an old man now.

So, is something like DirectStorage a type of micro-kernel?

When it comes to the protected memory space, how does a program like Cheat Engine work then? Surely it has to access the memory of the game you are playing in order to change things like health points and stuff.

@jamesmnguyen

2 ай бұрын

Cheat Engine takes advantage of debuggers: Special programs that can access another processor's data (assuming it has admin privileges) to allow for easy error checking, or in this case, memory peeking. Any game that wants to prevent this behavior can easily block debuggers from accessing them.

Thats the best intro. Kernel Popcorn Chicken

4:05 soo why Windows native games usually works faster on Linux xD?

@jollyswagman4714

3 ай бұрын

Because monolithic software design has nothing to do with performance lol. That part is just wrong.

@snek_john_titor

3 ай бұрын

@@jollyswagman4714 That was my point tbh

@jollyswagman4714

3 ай бұрын

@@snek_john_titor i know lol

@snek_john_titor

3 ай бұрын

UwU@@jollyswagman4714

Could the manufacturers of products do anything to software updates too make the kernel behave crap over time hence why (seller)....yeah you could do with a new graphics card kind of thing but the cards perfectly fine

"Kernel, I'm trying to sneak around the PC, but I'm dummy thick and the clap of my ass cheeks keeps alerting the CPU..."

it’s not that programs don’t talk directly to the hardware, they do! the kernel is more about giving permission. like you mentioned, the kernel is responsible for handing out physical memory. but it’s also responsible for telling you when to run (how many cpu cycles) and when to give someone else a chance. it delegates processing power and threads, and the permissions of your application to access other resources. but once an app has permission, then it can do whatever it wants, except access what belongs to other processes (unless it has permission). so it’s not so much plumbing, as it is the faucets, or your circuit breaker, or like a referee that tells you how and when you play.

@MI08SK

3 ай бұрын

Programs can only talk directly to the cpu, but they cannot talk directly to other components of the computers(like storage devices, usb controllers, hid devices monitors, wifi interface, etc.) that's the responsability of ring 0 drivers, because to talk to those components a program needs access to instructions to interact with the io/pcie pins

I second the gaol treatment for the non-german speaking german shepard. The audacity.

Directly

The Cernel's main function is to tell John he is the demons.

Windows NT 4 system started blue screening during startup. I had to remove all the hardware to get it to boot correctly. The culprit ended up being an Intel network card that had gone bad. I can’t imagine that happening today. Needing 6 expansion cards to get a computer to run or the kernel failing because of a single bad device. Computers have come a long way in 20 years. That being said I would rather have a 386 processor vs an i9 processor if I need it to run for 100 years.

When I hear kernel I wonder how in the sam hill we decided that Colonel was gonna be pronounced the same as kernal!

bro i was watching this while upgrading my nvidia rtx drivers and the second he said kernel panic and showed that gif of an airplane shaking my screen went black so that was kinda perfect timing

kernal panic boot loop highly repeatable if you move away from big OS like windows and mac. Average user wont be able to fix it. Kinda send me back 20 years vibes. Taking about truenas scale

dat kernel just got popped

> This is what often causes Windows blue screens. Hmmm. To my best knowledge (by my personal experience) though, Windows bluescreens are a LOT more common than the exceedingly rare Linux kernel panic (which is much more likely to be hardware or driver issue that a reboot won't solve, not even temporarily). I always thought that was because the majority of windows blue screens are not because of those described causes (which would also cause a kernel panic) - but due to DLL version incompatibilities, which are common on Windows because any web-downloaded installer can dump their own DLLs into the system, where they then stay forever (which also explains why windows installs become more unstable over time, and why re-installing windows - i.e. cleaning out all those dlls - fixes those problems again).

Kernel panic jumpscare

"For a great running computer for your dime, install The Kernel and save some time..." 🤣😂

Ceiling bird needs new batteries at 05:19 :)

Cool !

FATAL EXCEPTION SEGMENTATION FAULT NULL POINTER REFERENCE ILLEGAL FUNCTION CALL

nelson robert stack. is what I think of colonel!

DMA has entered the room.

I used to really despise Microsoft and Windows despite using it. Dreaming of running Linux on my systems full time, but I never got around to it, I dabbled a lot for 10 - 15 years and when Windows 7 came around I just stopped... Because at this point Windows was so solid, I could leave an install for years and it would just keep trucking, it would get messy, files and programs all over the place and maybe do some registry cleanups once in a while but would just work, no BSOD's or anything for me, and I live at my computer, literally, never leave it! Has for a few decades... jumped to a new Windows version as soon as they dropped ever since. Windows 11 was weird tho, because they was reworking so much that on release loads of features was literally not there at all, and it was annoying, but at no point was it ever unstable for me, or games not working or what ever... I still have much interest in Linux, but no energy to mess with it, I got a spare PC I could have it on, just need to put it together again... one day!

Back in my day a BSOD could just be skipped.I was used to getting like.... 10 BSOD's in a row, and I would just skip them. Because I didn't know why it happened. Those were the days.

5:18 it raised his front right paw?

It's weird how there is a wall between the kernel an the software that goes completely unmentioned in this video, namely the Windows API. And the windows API is undocumented. Which is why it's very difficult to write programs for windows (such as drivers) that require direct connectivity with hardware. Ever wonder why so many windows programs barely change over the years? Windows API is a big part of the reason. Sure you can change the look and move the buttons around, but adding new functionality that would involve wrangling that access from the Windows API.