WHAT HAPPENED TO THE TUDOR CROWN? What happened to the crown jewels? Most famous royal jewels

The TUDOR CROWN is one of the most famous royal jewels lost to history. Having been created for either Henry VII or Henry VIII, it was described in minute detail in an inventory of 1521 and pictured over a century later in numerous portraits of Charles I and his family, but when Oliver Cromwell and the Parliamentarians got their hands on it in the late 1640s, it, along with most of the rest of the English Crown Jewels was melted down so that its gold could be used for coinage and its precious stones were sold off. After all, they thought, the purpose of crown jewels was to show off the wealth and power of the monarchy and the Cromwellians had toppled and executed the King. A completely new suite of jewels had to be created at the time of the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, but Henry VIII’s crown (as he’s the first person we know for sure wore it) was gone.
In this royal jewels documentary from History Calling, we look at the paper trail and the pictorial evidence to establish what this famous crown looked like, what Henry VIII wore it for, how it was altered after the Reformation and just how sumptuous it was. We’ll also look at its appearance (in simplified form) in numerous royal monograms, or cyphers, over the last 400 years (including in the monogram of Charles III) and at how it can still be seen on telephone boxes, post boxes and royal and governmental correspondence to this day. Finally we’ll consider the theory that one small piece of this crown was rediscovered by accident in a field in 2021.
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Thumbnail: Charles I (1600-1649), King of England, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of George A. Hearn, 1906, public domain (detail with colours enhanced). Also portrait of Tudors, Chicago Art Institute, CC0 (detail).
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Пікірлер: 312

  • @HistoryCalling
    @HistoryCalling Жыл бұрын

    How likely do you think it is that the rediscovered figure found in a field actually comes from the Tudor crown? Let me know below and remember to check me out on Patreon at www.patreon.com/historycalling

  • @HowardFryer

    @HowardFryer

    Жыл бұрын

    Whether or not it is an actual part of the original crown I find it a fascinating mystery how it ended up there. Maybe it was a wealthy warrior's religious talisman probably killed in the battle,? Do you know where it is kept, it would be interesting to see it?

  • @straingedays
    @straingedays Жыл бұрын

    The Tudor crown, was one of so many Ancient and Historical items forever lost My heart sinks every time hearing treasures: "Destroyed under Oliver Cromwell"

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Same here :-(

  • @eldelflowerwater

    @eldelflowerwater

    10 күн бұрын

    I know, right?😢

  • @annmoore6678
    @annmoore6678 Жыл бұрын

    The likelihood that a monarch lost the little figurine from such an elaborate crown during a battle seems pretty dim. How on earth could you move quickly and wield a sword effectively while balancing on your head something designed for extremely formal and sumptuous events like coronations? I thought the crowns worn by kings in battle in earlier times (e.g. Richard III at Bosworth Field, later claimed by the brand-new Henry VII) were much simpler affairs. It does seem weird, however, that it turned up in the same place where a battle had been fought. But if it had been detached and sold during the breaking up of the crown jewels and later dropped there, that would be even more strange, especially since you didn't mention that the figures of the saints were still on the crown and sold as distinct items. The record said that all the gold was melted down. Were there any witnesses to this alleged metal detecting event?

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    You're quite right that battle crowns wouldn't have been this elaborate and for the reasons you mention. No, I don't think anyone else was there for the discovery, but the figurine itself has presumably been looked at by experts who could confirm its age, even if its provenance is unknown.

  • @English_Dawn

    @English_Dawn

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling Quite right. By the 1640's I can't see any king wearing a crown in battle. As far as I know Charles was kept from the fighting, at a distance anyway. It would be unusual to have the state crown not lodged somewhere safe. Battle crowns were much simpler affairs. I believe Henry V's great helm with battle crown is in Westminster Abbey minus two fleurons which had been struck off at Agincourt. He was in the thick of the action. I believe his father used decoys at Shrewsbury dressed in royal regalia and surcoat and I understand Henry V had two decoys similarly arrayed at Angincourt, sadly both were killed. Students from Henry VI's two foundations, Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, place lillies on the spot were he was murdered on the anniversary. Think he was in the wrong place at the wrong time following his father when England were losing the Hundred Years War and one of his uncles, Humphrey, was quarrelling with another relative Henry Beaufort. He never saw his father Henry V. 🏵 Regards, Edgar.

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    I’m not sure of any witnesses I think

  • @Steel08J

    @Steel08J

    Жыл бұрын

    If I remember rightly, the royalist baggage train was captured at Naesby. So assuming the Crown was kept in the King's baggage (for safety, considering its value), I think it's easily possible that they left it behind and a roundhead found it. My theory is that before handing the Crown over to the appropriate authorities, 1 soldier or more decided to break the figure off the crown, and bury it under the tree where it was found in 2017. They didn't think it was possible to hide and later fence the whole crown, but thought no one would miss the figure. If they could find the tree at a later date and recover the figure, they could get a lot of money for it. Presumably they died before they could retrieve it. We will never know for sure, but Its the most likely explination I can think of, and it seems easily possible.

  • @jacquelynbrown3137
    @jacquelynbrown3137 Жыл бұрын

    Just wanted to thank you for enabling closed captioning on your videos my husband is deaf and it means I can share these videos with him we both love history

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Of course. That's no problem at all and I'm glad they're useful for some people. I use my script for them, so they ought to match what I'm saying perfectly but please excuse the odd little typo you might see. I don't have much time for proofreading I'm afraid.

  • @csh43166
    @csh43166 Жыл бұрын

    The history of artifacts can be at least as fascinating as that of people. It's sad to think that such an important item was utterly destroyed. It would be amazing if the little figure was actually from the crown; it's a shame there's currently no way to really know. If it was, I think that would render it a priceless piece of English history! Very interesting story - the article you linked is very interesting, as well. Thank you!!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Connie and thanks for reading the article too. I never know if anyone is clicking on the links I provide :-)

  • @Murph52

    @Murph52

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling Always

  • @annmoore6678
    @annmoore6678 Жыл бұрын

    Oh, by the way, HC, I'm an amateur silversmith, and I thought I'd mention that today we use the term "bezel" to describe a collar of metal used to hold a gemstone securely on another piece of metal such as a ring, pendant or crown. If you look closely at the Imperial State Crown, you can see that the Black Prince's ruby is held in place by a bezel. Of course, prongs are also used, especially on rings, to elevate a transparent gemstone and let plenty of light sparkle through it.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Hi Ann. I didn't know that, so thank you for sharing. It's always nice to learn new things :-)

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh so true

  • @AXEL00754
    @AXEL00754 Жыл бұрын

    It is possible that parts of the Tudor crown still exist today, by that I mean some of the precious stones that were stripped from it and sold on, but we will probably never know for sure. When I was studying at university in 1984, I recall reading a newspaper report that some sort of receipt for gunpowder believed linked to Guy Fawkes had been found misfiled in some Archives. So there may be further documentary evidence lurking somewhere waiting to be found that may shed further light on the fate of the Tudor crown. Congratulations on another fine video. 👏

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh absolutely. Some nondescript stones could definitely have made their way back into royal hands and been put into other objects, or be out there in other people's ownership. Maybe, as you say, some lost documents will show up to further illuminate matters.

  • @doncook2054

    @doncook2054

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling i believe there was a jeweler by the name of Cook (?), who bought stones and other bits of the crown jewels to keep them safe for when the monarchy was reestablished.

  • @lucysmith9064
    @lucysmith9064 Жыл бұрын

    Wouldn't it be incredible if indeed the little figure was off the Tudor crown, it would give us a better understanding of the crown itself. Great video as always, would love to see more videos like this especially about what happened to previous royal crowns

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    It would be amazing, yes. Given my propensity for shiny pretty things, (like crowns) I think you might get your wish :-)

  • @elisabethhopson5639

    @elisabethhopson5639

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling Oh yes!

  • @lindacoolbaugh962
    @lindacoolbaugh962 Жыл бұрын

    I was always interested in The Tudor Era. I was at the Tower in early October and my eyes melted at looking at the Crown Jewels. But if the Tudor Crown was in there, I think my head would of exploded! Damn shame it was destroyed.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I know. I have the same feeling when I see the jewels. At least we have the medieval Scottish crown jewels.

  • @Moomin6969
    @Moomin6969 Жыл бұрын

    I can literally sit and listen to Your Videos all day - They keep Me company while I work and create much discussion and interest for Me and My 9 Year Old Daughter - Every Video is so well researched and must take hours to create - Each one focuses on facts and not a glorified or embellished version of History - This Video struck My Daughter heavily as She was sad to realise that She can't see this wonderful object in the Tower Collection at Our Yearly visit due to the frankly appalling actions of others - Please keep releasing these Videos - They are simply superb History Calling

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for such a lovely comment and I'm delighted that the next generation of historians likes my videos as well :-) Yes, they do take a long time to create (and I always say that I'm not above making the odd error, particularly because of how fast I have to work), but it's worth it when I hear from people such as yourself who appreciate it and like to have proper history as well, rather than lots of fantasy and conjecture. Tell your daughter not to be sad about not seeing this crown in the Tower of London though. There are still many beautiful items there and perhaps some day she'll go to Edinburgh and see the Scottish crown jewels, which Cromwell never got his mits on, despite considerable effort :-)

  • @notbill08
    @notbill08 Жыл бұрын

    Great video! I really appreciate that you stick to source materials rather than rumors!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you. Yes, I'm a stickler for sources. It bugs me when people get sucked into repeating baseless rumours.

  • @namaschu2126
    @namaschu2126 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for another interesting episode of the Tudor History 👑

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    You're welcome. I thought this was a different kind of Tudor topic and made for a nice change from biographical videos.

  • @stephencarrillo5905
    @stephencarrillo5905 Жыл бұрын

    Fantastic, HC! Had to back out of the premier settings to bring up the Super Thanks feature. It was great to see the interaction among your international fan base.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    THANK YOU so much for the generous donation Stephen and for coming to the premiere. It's been a little bit of a learning curve, but I think I'll do it again. I loved how international the viewers were. Even I didn't realise they'd be coming from so far and wide :-)

  • @vernon2542
    @vernon2542 Жыл бұрын

    Great video look forward to the next one.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Vernon. The premiere function was a learning curve, but I think it's worked well.

  • @vernon2542

    @vernon2542

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling I think it worked very well and from what people were saying I think everybody liked it.

  • @ecollen
    @ecollen Жыл бұрын

    Great film. Nice commentary.

  • @Moebian73
    @Moebian73 Жыл бұрын

    Loved it! You always make great videos on old English history, something brushed on during my World History in 9th grade.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Sean. I am a sucker for this kind of history as well so it's a pleasure to research :-)

  • @Moebian73

    @Moebian73

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling I'm a sucker for it too...and your voice, but mostly history. lol :)

  • @douglaspkeatingjr3232
    @douglaspkeatingjr3232 Жыл бұрын

    I just adore hearing your voice. It’s such an added pleasure to the thorough and concise way you share your knowledge with us.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you. If only my family and friends told me the same thing out here in the real world :-)

  • @douglaspkeatingjr3232

    @douglaspkeatingjr3232

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling that’s absurd! I imagine they’ve retained their more localized accents? You’re just too educated! Perhaps you should try a post in your hometown accent; I’d join patreon just for that. Lol 😂

  • @angelicagaldos
    @angelicagaldos Жыл бұрын

    I can't wait! I already know it's going to be an awesome video

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you. It's a good story actually. I'd never heard much about it before researching this video.

  • @angelicagaldos

    @angelicagaldos

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling You're very welcome. I too never heard of the story till now. As an American I love learning international history.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you. I wish more people were open to learning new things as well :-)

  • @angelicagaldos

    @angelicagaldos

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling You're very welcome.

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes it was an awesome video I believe you like history just like me

  • @stephanieking4444
    @stephanieking4444 Жыл бұрын

    Fantastic topic for this evening 😍

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Stephanie. It was something I didn't know much about myself, so it was interesting to research.

  • @wvmountaingirl1976
    @wvmountaingirl1976 Жыл бұрын

    Oh boy. Can't wait!!! Wish I could watch it now 14 hours I'll be glued to the t.v. notifications on!!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Victoria. Not long now :-)

  • @keiththorpe9571
    @keiththorpe9571 Жыл бұрын

    Actually, the destruction of the State Crown was about much more than just generating revenue for the new Commonwealth's coffers. It was intended to make a clean break with England's monarchical past, severing what was a very visible tie with the perceived tyranny of kings.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, absolutely. Of course as we all know, it didn't work out that way in the end. It's just a shame so much history was destroyed for the sake of a 10 year (roughly) experiment with republicanism.

  • @keiththorpe9571

    @keiththorpe9571

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling You're absolutely right, it is a grievous loss.

  • @keiththorpe9571

    @keiththorpe9571

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling I've been curious about something, and perhaps you might address this in a video at some point. Have your studies of history made you a monarchist, or has it engendered a more antimonarchical perspective? Or are you, indeed, ambivalent about the monarchy? If you have addressed this before in a video, just point me to it, I'd love to watch. Alternatively, if you feel such a question to be a presumptuous imposition on your personal views, just forget I asked. 🤣

  • @margo3367

    @margo3367

    Жыл бұрын

    @@keiththorpe9571 I love your rich history, but as an American I’m a little bit like Oliver Cromwell. Haha (I’m curious too) where you stand on the monarchy today.

  • @claire2088
    @claire2088 Жыл бұрын

    I kinda do get destroying the crown so throughly- it's such a representation of the 'previous regime' I feel like it's kinda on the level of pulling down statues and for us it's a lost historical artifact, but for them it's a contemporary symbol of power for a monarchy that they'd jsut overthrown.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, I can see too what the Parliamentarians' motivation was and there was some method to their madness, but I still get annoyed when I think about what they robbed from all of us, then, now and in the future. You make an interesting comparison regarding the statues. There's undoubtedly a whole conversation to be had there about whether such items should be destroyed or put in a museum.

  • @marywilliamson1260
    @marywilliamson1260 Жыл бұрын

    thank you luv this vid!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Mary :-)

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Hello Mary

  • @LaPinturaBella
    @LaPinturaBella7 ай бұрын

    It's such a shame it's been lost. It's beautiful.

  • @annmoore6678
    @annmoore6678 Жыл бұрын

    A luscious topic for today, and a nice little mystery at the end! Perfect for a day when Americans are sleeping off a heavy holiday meal and many of us are resisting huge pressure from the retail industry to engage in conspicuous consumption.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    You've just reminded me to go buy more face cream before Black Friday ends! :-)

  • @annmoore6678

    @annmoore6678

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling 🤣

  • @elisabethhopson5639

    @elisabethhopson5639

    Жыл бұрын

    I gave in to a "crown's worth" of conspicuous consumption last night.

  • @2010Tigresa
    @2010Tigresa Жыл бұрын

    Amazing video as always, thank you very much. Love the content. Bye!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Patricia. Quite a short one this week, but that's probably for the best as I learning how to work the Premiere function.

  • @2010Tigresa

    @2010Tigresa

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling Keep Learning! A hug from Uruguay.

  • @tinapeters5725
    @tinapeters5725 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you very interesting article, 🌻A newcomer to your channel🌻

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Welcome aboard! :-)

  • @marymurphy2605
    @marymurphy2605 Жыл бұрын

    I would be curious to know what happened to the large ruby worn on Henry VIII's thumb, said to be stolen from St Thomas Becket's tomb, during the dissolution of the monasteries and the tomb of St Thomas. Thank you.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh, good question. I don't know I'm afraid :-(

  • @0hMyLife
    @0hMyLife Жыл бұрын

    I think you are totally correct on the gems and jewels in the "diadem above" being the four gold arches. The numbers of the jewels, including the 3 triangle diamonds + the table diamond (table diamond most likely being a front center piece), they all divide into the number 4......so they could be equally distributed on the 4 gold arches!!!! It just makes sense! And, as they say, the simplest answer is usually the correct answer!!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Good point! :-)

  • @nathanfisher1826
    @nathanfisher1826 Жыл бұрын

    Great job!😢 you are so right, history should never be destroyed! But learned from.😊

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, absolutely. It makes my blood boil when I see historical objects and locations being trashed, even when it's not my history.

  • @wendybond2848

    @wendybond2848

    11 ай бұрын

    I agree, including statues. Large plaques could be added to teach about the subjects. If they are obliterated you lose an opportunity to teach.

  • @alex-lu7nt
    @alex-lu7nt Жыл бұрын

    another great video @historyCalling love all your content especially the Tudor period :) makes me want to watch the tudors AGAIN i know its not very historically correct but still such a great series, i wonder if you agree ?

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh yes, it's great fun and not as historically inaccurate as a lot of people claim (though there are still some really inaccurate moments).

  • @pixelilly
    @pixelilly Жыл бұрын

    Thanks!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    THANK YOU so much for donating to the channel Pixelilly. It's much appreciated and I hope you continue to enjoy my content :-)

  • @savagedarksider
    @savagedarksider Жыл бұрын

    Great job with the video.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you :-)

  • @savagedarksider

    @savagedarksider

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling The kitten I named after you is doing good. He wanna to say hi.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Excellent. I hope he's behaving himself :-)

  • @savagedarksider

    @savagedarksider

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling Oh, he's behaving alright. I told him if he be bad he won't watch any of favorite aunt's videos.

  • @ilonabaier6042
    @ilonabaier6042 Жыл бұрын

    love it!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you :-) Glad it's gone down well :-)

  • @knowitnone
    @knowitnone Жыл бұрын

    “They would have lost their head for this” - well yes, the whole point of the revolution was to end royal abuse of power, to make a country where you’re not going to lose your head over destroying a piece of jewellery 😂

  • @vasilisdamianou4399
    @vasilisdamianou4399 Жыл бұрын

    you are killing us vx

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Killing you all with love and good history though (I hope) :-)

  • @timefoolery
    @timefoolery Жыл бұрын

    Can’t wait!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks. See you soon. :-)

  • @ovrtrubledwtr1
    @ovrtrubledwtr1 Жыл бұрын

    Have you made a video yet about the Irish Crown Jewels? I would LOVE to know more about them and the heist where they were stolen (especially since I’m supposed to be related to one of the suspects, Francis Shackleton).

  • @LaLaLaAllDayLong
    @LaLaLaAllDayLong Жыл бұрын

    I just subscribed can’t wait to watch more! However at 2:15 this graphic really ads nothing in historical value and feels out of place in an otherwise wonderful and professional video. Just something to consider.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for joining and welcome :-) Are we looking at the same graphic though I wonder? the image at 2.15 is of Charles I and Henrietta Maria alongside the Tudor crown. I think you mean the video clip of jewels just beforehand? I understand your point here about it not being an historical image. It's there as I had fairly few images of the crown to work with and needed something else for a little bit of the video to help break up all the still imagery. It's always challenging to get enough images and clips for my videos as I don't appear onscreen myself and so cannot cut away to me talking to camera and this does force me to get creative sometimes. I hope the odd modern clip like that won't put you off coming back to the channel though.

  • @galghoul3042
    @galghoul304211 ай бұрын

    The Parliamentarian actions remind me of the myriad of articles I read about relics (religious and not) destroyed and sacked by French Revolutionaries. My heart sinks deeper and deeper.

  • @leticiagarcia9025
    @leticiagarcia9025 Жыл бұрын

    Oliver Cromwell made a pretty penny when he sold the Crown Jewels. It’s sad that it is lost forever from history. Sigh Thank you for your history lesson. Have a lovely weekend.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, it's infuriating that one small group of people got to deprive the rest of us for all time of our collective history. :-( Have a lovely weekend too :-)

  • @Gaylafay
    @Gaylafay Жыл бұрын

    Do you also do the Dark Curiosities channel?

  • @nicolawalton3754
    @nicolawalton3754 Жыл бұрын

    How funny I find this video the day after reading a Sherlock Holmes story in which Sherlock recovers this very crown. If only! The story I heard about the supposed part of the crown that was found in 2017 was that it was believed to have been either dropped or buried by someone trying to hide it, but I can't remember offhand where I read/heard that.

  • @cenedra2143
    @cenedra2143 Жыл бұрын

    Ohh I know I know 🤣🤣🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️ I'll still be eagerly watching though 🥰

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you :-)

  • @heatherordonez1490
    @heatherordonez1490 Жыл бұрын

    I have such mixed feelings about Oliver Cromwell. On the one hand he was a driving force to make the English army uniform in training and service. On the other some of the (looking from today's perspective) strange things (like melting down the crown and selling off the jewels)...There are worse things attributed to him of course, but most historical figures have similar actions attributed to them as well. I too hope one day there will be more information found on the Tudor Crown

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, he has a very poor reputation in Ireland, but even I am willing to concede that he wasn't a cookie cutter villain. He had his positives too. Like you, I also hope more info. on the crown comes to light.

  • @clovelly1946

    @clovelly1946

    Жыл бұрын

    He was the descendant of Thomas Cromwell (Henry Vlll),and I am a direct descendant of Oliver's not sure if I should be proud??

  • @brigidine37
    @brigidine37 Жыл бұрын

    I love your videos! So informative. I would love to think that part of the Tudor crown was found, because its destruction is terribly sad and such a waste. Did kings actually wear crowns of such weight and value in battle? I know they are often pictured wearing one in paintings, but thought this was more artistic license. I cannot imagine why a king would think it a good idea, or even how it could be done? Anyway, linking this piece of metal to a destroyed precious artifact does seem very fortuitous.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Why thank you :-) Yes, they did have battle crowns so that they could be easily recognised, but I struggle to believe such crowns would have been as big, bulky and unwieldy as this. I envision something more like a circlet of gold that could easily fit over the top of a helmet. Henry VII was crowned at Bosworth using Richard III's battle crown for example (he had another coronation in Westminster Abbey too of course).

  • @brigidine37

    @brigidine37

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling A battle crown as you describe it makes much more sense. Thank you! I love your vlogs, they are fascinating.

  • @smokeynewton
    @smokeynewton Жыл бұрын

    Everybody knows that Sherlock Holmes found the remains of the crown in The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual.

  • @roberthossen8354
    @roberthossen8354 Жыл бұрын

    Also, I fully agree with the former comment, the little figurine is most probably not from the Tudor State Crown. Why on earth would Charles I take it to a battle?

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes it seems a bit of a stretch, doesn't it?

  • @chrisbanks6659
    @chrisbanks6659 Жыл бұрын

    That went well. Please consider doing this again. Thank you so much, as always. Right, footy's on. Ha ha.😀

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    It did, didn't it? I wasn't sure what to expect and it's been a little bit of a learning curve, but I think I will try it again now that I understand how it works better.

  • @chrisbanks6659

    @chrisbanks6659

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling Numbers will follow once folk realise. People like a 'Live'. 😊

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I hope so. It's a shame you're limited to 200 characters per response though. That kept catching me out. I'm not a 200 character kind of girl (which is perhaps why I never loved Twitter that much). :-)

  • @timothyprobst9150
    @timothyprobst9150 Жыл бұрын

    I did work on a house on Long Island that has the cabinet that the crown jewels were held in back then. It has been in thier family for generations

  • @QueenY-co7es
    @QueenY-co7es Жыл бұрын

    Beautiful crown

  • @HowardFryer
    @HowardFryer Жыл бұрын

    I have seen what I believe to be the only Royal Crown to survive Cromwell, it is in the Cathedral in Aachen ( Aix la Chapelle ) Germany. If I remember correctly it was a Princess's Crown. I am not sure how it ended up there but at least it is still intact.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh, I'm not familiar with that one. I'll have to look it up. There's the crown of Scotland as well though, which I have a video on too. It had quite the adventure dodging him :-)

  • @edithengel2284

    @edithengel2284

    Жыл бұрын

    It's the crown of Margaret of York, the sister of Edward IV and Richard III, who married Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, so it fortunately was long out of the country before Cromwell entered the scene. There is another, even older English crown, that of Princess Blanche, daughter of Henry IV, who married the Elector Palatine in 1402. It survived because it stayed with the Wittelsbachs in Bavaria. It can be seen in the Munich Residenz.

  • @HowardFryer

    @HowardFryer

    Жыл бұрын

    @@edithengel2284 Thank you for your reply. The Cathedral treasury in Aachen ( Aix la Chapelle ) is a beautiful place to visit with many other wonderful artifacts, also Charlemagne's magnificent tomb is there as Aachen was his winter capital. Next time I visit Munich I will definitely try to see the other crown.The reason I put the English name of Aachen in brackets is because once someone told me they couldn't find Aix la Chapelle and drove straight past Aachen!

  • @uchiharew
    @uchiharew Жыл бұрын

    At this point, I'd find it more believable if it was found in a car park. Eagerly anticipating your upcoming Margeret Beaufort video, any chance we'll see it soon?

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Early in the new year I think, as I already have all my videos up to the start of January done. I'm working on a bio of a different famous lady at the moment actually :-)

  • @TrevorTrottier
    @TrevorTrottier Жыл бұрын

    Personally I like to think that Oliver smelted that gold down in his fire place while laughing maniacally

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    See I never imagine Cromwell laughing at anything. It's funny (no pun intended) how we can visualise the same historical characters so differently. It's part of what makes history so interesting I think.

  • @TrevorTrottier

    @TrevorTrottier

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling he's a rules for thee man just as much as any of them, laughing would of course be done behind closed doors

  • @lfgifu296
    @lfgifu296 Жыл бұрын

    Friday treat see ya in 21 hours!!😌

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Closer to 21 minutes now :-)

  • @WhoDaresWins-B20
    @WhoDaresWins-B20 Жыл бұрын

    Thoroughly enjoyed this presentation. As much as I despise Henry VIII I have a total revulsion of Cromwell. The latter destroyed so many historical artefacts. I remember on my return to the UK, I visited the Glastonbury Abbey in Somerset, England, which was laid waste by that evil sod. Beautiful works of art, stained glass windows et al taken away from future generations. Poor King meek Henry VI. I fell nothing but sorrow for him. Thank you for another excellent presentation. Time for a nice strong cup of tea.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    At least we still have the medieval Scottish crown jewels though :-)

  • @WhoDaresWins-B20

    @WhoDaresWins-B20

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling And that is very important to me. I love History, especially British History and regardless of the fact that Henry VIII's crown was most likely destroyed, it was a HISTORIC ARTEFACT, as was the abbey at Glastonbury, which must have been a MAGNIFICENT structure in it's day. How and why on earth that beautiful abbey and it stained glass windows; artworks etc could be destroyed is UNFORGIVABLE! Thanks again for an excellent job.

  • @slicklandy7819

    @slicklandy7819

    Жыл бұрын

    Cromwell was a psychopath, an embarassment to the history of the UK.

  • @nickjung7394

    @nickjung7394

    3 ай бұрын

    Cromwell was only one of many "Parliamentarians" that saw what was happening to the country and decided to do somethin 10:46 g about it. It is clear that the King was allowing his wife to convert the country to Catholicism and thus permit a foreign entity, the Pope, to wield sovereign power over Great Britain.

  • @baumgartnerwm
    @baumgartnerwm Жыл бұрын

    You could have also referenced the Musgrave Ritual, Sherlock Holmes story.

  • @mackss9468
    @mackss9468 Жыл бұрын

    I love what you said about people who love their country don’t destroy their country’s cultural history. Helps me decided how I feel about Oliver Cromwell.

  • @basilbrush9075

    @basilbrush9075

    Жыл бұрын

    I wouldn't begrudge someone who burnt, say, stalin's suit, napoleon's hat, or melted Commodus's imperial symbols in the months following their deposal. As much as I would prefer to have the crown still around as a piece of history, I find it hard to cast judgement on those who lived through those times and acted with the emotion that the circumstances justified.

  • @kerryrwalton7791
    @kerryrwalton7791 Жыл бұрын

    It's possible the king carried the crown as a talisman and not actually worn or as a symbol of his authority placed beside him in a tent on the battlefield. In the midst of battle perhaps a piece was dropped or broken off by by an opponent or even carried off by a courtier.

  • @hollypedrin3276
    @hollypedrin3276 Жыл бұрын

    Hello, happy Friday.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Hi Holly. Thank you and you too :-)

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Hello how are you doing ?

  • @ns-wz1mx
    @ns-wz1mx Жыл бұрын

    how stunning this would’ve been 😻

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I know. I wish we still had it :-(

  • @ns-wz1mx

    @ns-wz1mx

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling i’m with you!

  • @English_Dawn
    @English_Dawn Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much. ☺👍 "When you have exhausted all the possibilities what remains, however implausible, must be the truth" ... Sherlock Holmes. I figure there are 3 possibilities. 1). Keeping the Conan Doyle theme he seems to have possibly answered that in "The Musgrave Ritual". {English Civil War}. 2). Colonel Blood kept it back. 3). Hidden in plain sight in front of 10 Downing Street. 😉 Great to hear about the Henry VI figurine. Time to start his rehabilitation. 🙂 Regards, Edgar.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks Edgar and excellent use of a Sherlock quote :-)

  • @luannnelson2825
    @luannnelson2825 Жыл бұрын

    Many of the same comments could be made about Henry VIII’s destruction of ecclesiastical art, stained glass, etc., after he installed himself as head of the church. So I guess there’s a bit of a historical arc to the destruction of his crown by people who were fed up with the excesses of monarchical power.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh absolutely. He was a terrible vandal as well.

  • @ladymeghenderson9337
    @ladymeghenderson9337 Жыл бұрын

    I'll keep an open mind

  • @amandatranculov8695
    @amandatranculov8695 Жыл бұрын

    Hello firstly I'd like to congratulate you for your excellent video's that you've been making. However I would like to learn about who was Edward The Confessor and when did he rule England? Again Congratulations On All The Video's that You've made to date. Could you kindly reply to me please. With Kind Wishes Amanda and I'm from Victoria Australia.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Hi Amanda, thanks for watching and commenting and greetings in Australia. Don't worry. More medieval history is certainly on my agenda for next year :-)

  • @amandatranculov8695

    @amandatranculov8695

    Жыл бұрын

    That sounds wonderful to me. If we don't speak again I'd like to wish you and your Family a very Merry Christmas and a Healthy, Happy and Prosperous 2023. With My Kindest Wishes Amanda.

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh Victoria she needed that compliment to keep her going Well I know little about Edward the confessor if you want I don’t know everything mind you

  • @loracorwyn3713
    @loracorwyn3713 Жыл бұрын

    Oh I hope it is! That’s neat

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I wish it was true as well. It reminds me of when they found a little piece of the Amber Room after the rest of it was lost.

  • @vintagelady1
    @vintagelady1 Жыл бұрын

    Gosh, I'd have looked very nice in that crown, I have just the outfit for it. So sad that it was broken up. Seriously, it is sad when national treasures are destroyed for money or to de-legitimize what they stand for. Cromwell was a royal pain--literally!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I know. I wouldn't have minded getting to try that crown on myself :-)

  • @nickjung7394

    @nickjung7394

    3 ай бұрын

    You do know that Cromwell wasn't the only Parliamentarian?

  • @miedk9871
    @miedk9871 Жыл бұрын

    Tak!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    THANK YOU SO MUCH MIEDK for your very kind donation to the channel and I hope you enjoyed learning about the lost Tudor crown. It's certainly very sad that we don't still have it today.

  • @chrisbanks6659
    @chrisbanks6659 Жыл бұрын

    I wouldn't be surprised if Thomas Cromwell had something to do with it (ex inferna); after all, he and Oliver were related .... 🤔😂

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Ah, you'll have to wait and see :-)

  • @wrnchhead76
    @wrnchhead76 Жыл бұрын

    I bet if you were being drawn and quartered, you’d feel differently about the English monarchy

  • @katjack2780
    @katjack2780 Жыл бұрын

    I just thought to check what buildings might be in the Naseby area. The church of All Saints in Naseby was built during the 13th and 14th centuries and has the usual additions and repairs from the following years. It might be possible that a figure of Edward VI as a saint came from the church or some parishioner might have lost such a piece in the area. As others have pointed out, Charles wouldn't have been carrying the state crown to a battle. It may be that Naseby is so associated with the battle that other reasons for its location haven't been considered.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Excellent idea. I think that's more likely correct than that it came from the crown.

  • @katjack2780

    @katjack2780

    Жыл бұрын

    Oops, sorry. I meant Henry VI:) I don't think Edward VI would have had any truck with saints...

  • @clarelouisehadland
    @clarelouisehadland Жыл бұрын

    Great video! I remember reading about the figure in the news, doesn't it look very similar to that on a replica of the crown? I have to admit it seems unlikely the king would lug a heavy crown onto a battlefield, but it is intriguing where it came from otherwise!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Funnily enough I don't remember this story on the news, which is weird for a history buff like me, but I enjoyed reading up on it for this video. I agree that I can't see something as ornate as this being carried into battle either.

  • @Fairyfink
    @Fairyfink Жыл бұрын

    Does anyone know if there other known examples of figurines of Henry VI given that he was regarded as a sort of saint minus formal beatification? If so, proving the figurine of Henry VI in the field came from the tudor crown seems quite difficult.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Excellent question, but one to which I unfortunately don't know the answer. Sorry :-(

  • @InexplicablyPurpleRose
    @InexplicablyPurpleRose Жыл бұрын

    I'm just keeping this page open for the next two hours.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Almost there now :-)

  • @MrMomo182
    @MrMomo182 Жыл бұрын

    From the Roundheads' perspective, it was only 100 years old. Like us chucking out a Bakelite wireless.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    The most expensive wireless ever though :-)

  • @woodenbeast9337
    @woodenbeast9337 Жыл бұрын

    Bravo, another great episode Not only the history story but your graphics and editing skills are very well done. My USA has the same problem with our history being slowly removed. Funny how History repeats itself. Trust me I am holding on tight to my families Jewels. J/K Thank you for what you do

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you. To be honest I'd like to be better with the editing and graphics (it's a bit limiting using free materials only and stuff I shoot myself on my GoPro) but that's a longer term goal.

  • @woodenbeast9337

    @woodenbeast9337

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling It looks to me like you used Premier Pro with plug-in's etc. Your assembly of your subject, story and graphics are great. The fades and animation also.

  • @giovanniserafino1731
    @giovanniserafino1731 Жыл бұрын

    Let me get this right. Three images of Christ on the crown after the break from Rome was no longer acceptable, so they were replaced by 3 kings. It kind of sums up the whole protestant reformation in England.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yup :-)

  • @kate_cooper
    @kate_cooper Жыл бұрын

    It's a lovely little figurine and it would be nice if it came from a lost crown. It seems unlikely that the crown would have been on the battlefield in the first place though, the king couldn't fight while wearing it, and if he wasn't wearing it, why bring it along? It seems silly to carry such a valuable item into battle where it could easily get damaged or stolen by the enemy. I suppose it is possible that the figure had already fallen off of the crown and the king was carrying the deattached figure on its own as a sort of good luck charm but ended up dropping it. That seems a bit of a stretch though. Also, that not very good drawing of St Edmund being beheaded made me laugh. The shocked look on the swordsman's face looks like he was just standing talking to Edmund and his head fell off.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I agree that it would be nice if the story was real, but it probably isn't. Oh dear - laughter probably wasn't what the original artist was going for! :-0

  • @ashmeadowphoenix
    @ashmeadowphoenix Жыл бұрын

    It very common even in british history for people in power to destroy the relics of what they believe is a national threat. Symbols are psychologically important and regime changes often want a symbolic destruction of an old regime. Monarchical governments often did it in civil wars for very obvious reasons. There's no reason to think that that contravenes Cromwell's understanding of patriotism. His other actions however.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh yes I think inside his and the other parliamentarians' heads, their actions were patriotic. It's interesting to see too that the more things change, the more they stay the same. New regimes even in the 21st century often destroy symbols of the old too.

  • @jamielandis4606
    @jamielandis4606 Жыл бұрын

    What a tragedy!

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I know. It's a loss for all us history nerds and jewellery lovers across time. It would be amazing to be able to see it today :-(

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah it’s a tragedy and lot more history

  • @timefoolery
    @timefoolery Жыл бұрын

    Kings usually had a simple, gold coronet to wear on their helmets when in battle. They’d leave the jewels at home where they couldn’t be lost.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, that seems much more likely to me. A battlefield is no place for the crown jewels.

  • @edithengel2284

    @edithengel2284

    Жыл бұрын

    If Charles had the crown at Naseby (which I doubt) it wouldn't have been to wear it. As you suggest, that would never have been the kind of crown for use in battle. If Charles had had it with him, it would have been because he didn't or couldn't find a place of safety for it in the chaos of war; perhaps he would have thought it safer to have with him. But I don't think it was there.

  • @0hMyLife
    @0hMyLife Жыл бұрын

    1:50 Wouldn't the "top part" of a fleur-de-lis be the top PETAL, not a leaf, since fleur-de-lis literally translates to "lily flower" and it is a stylized lily flower???

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    You may be right, yes.

  • @jenniferholden9397
    @jenniferholden9397 Жыл бұрын

    They didn’t loose it, they pawned it. Henry had gone in a bit heavy with the wifey business so was short of the readies.

  • @cecillebarone9252
    @cecillebarone9252 Жыл бұрын

    Hope some of those jewels helped the needy

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I hope so too.

  • @cecillebarone9252

    @cecillebarone9252

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling at least in the UK you have national health for your people Not so in the "so called democracy"in the states

  • @onetwothree9
    @onetwothree9 Жыл бұрын

    6:30 honestly wouldn't even surprise me if did indeed personaly do the deed

  • @ckallen1546
    @ckallen1546 Жыл бұрын

    Well. Look at the bright side. Margaret Beaufort wasn’t around to see the yard sale. At least the Tudors held on for three generations.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Very true. I must get going on my videos on her actually, for my series on the women of the Wars of the Roses ...

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah true I see you know more about generational stuff

  • @BRGPF1TEAM
    @BRGPF1TEAM5 ай бұрын

    I have a piece of the crown, nowadays is serving as a paperweight in my office

  • @izziemoss8262
    @izziemoss8262 Жыл бұрын

    I mean I get why it’s sad it no longer exists, but the idea of heritage and keeping our heritage only dates back to the victorians. They didn’t view the world like we do now, there wasn’t any reverence to historical artefacts and keeping them.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Hmm, I would politely disagree there. Just thing of the importance attached to holy relics for instance and the fact that items in the medieval crown jewels had already been kept for centuries by the time of Cromwell and Charles II tried to repurchase what he could.

  • @roberthossen8354
    @roberthossen8354 Жыл бұрын

    Very interesting and informatieve, thank you. A piece of advice, though. The crown has has been faithfully reconstructed by Royal Palaces and is now on display in Hampton Court Palace. To give the viewers an idea, you could have shown this replica. You may yet...

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I very much wanted to but couldn't due to copyright reasons. :-(

  • @MamaKittieKat
    @MamaKittieKat Жыл бұрын

    Or did someone at the mint salvage the little figure from the crown only to lose it on their way home? 🤔 lol

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    It would be wonderful if that was the case - a bit like when a couple of pieces of the Amber Room showed up about 50 years after WW2.

  • @ot8210
    @ot8210 Жыл бұрын

    I doubt that we will ever know if that little figurine did actually came from said crown. There is just no proof if the king had it during a battle. It is sad to know the crown was destroyed for any kind of personal gain, or any other reason. I think to keep such a treasure would be a object of bragging right’s, rather then allowing it to be destroyed. To me this Cromwell character is a shady person to begin with.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    I doubt it too sadly. It would be a great story if it was true though.

  • @ot8210

    @ot8210

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes it would.

  • @shirleysutton4937
    @shirleysutton4937 Жыл бұрын

    Do they really think the king would go into battle wearing a heavy gold crown?

  • @cecillebarone9252
    @cecillebarone9252 Жыл бұрын

    What happened to the strings of pearls and all the pearls that were Elizabeth 1's??

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Anything still in her possession in 1603 was inherited by James I, so his wife may have worn some of Elizabeth's jewels. After that, who knows? A lot was probably still in the royal coffers when Cromwell got there and sold off at that point.

  • @cecillebarone9252

    @cecillebarone9252

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HistoryCalling as they were beautiful,grey blue "natural" pearls,they must be worth a fortune now I guess someone has them

  • @Raymondmartin2244

    @Raymondmartin2244

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes so sure someone has them

  • @dustingreen9075
    @dustingreen9075 Жыл бұрын

    I love your videos. However, the context you give for current value of the crown is too low. I would instead look at what the current value of the current coronation crown would be. Straight inflationary calculations of 17th century currency or especially property are not accurate measurements.

  • @891Henry
    @891Henry Жыл бұрын

    What happened to the crown jewels of pre-Tudor monarchs?

  • @ajkleipass
    @ajkleipass Жыл бұрын

    I strongly doubt that the figurine was from such an elaborate and heavy crown. It might, however, be a genuine relic from the battle. A museum would be the ideal place to have it properly authenticated.

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes, I wonder what ever happened about it, as that news story is from several years ago?

  • @cindybryant1584
    @cindybryant1584 Жыл бұрын

    What about the Royal treasures lost in the swamp when King John left his castle.

  • @thomasduggan8755
    @thomasduggan8755 Жыл бұрын

    It's mine all mine 🆘💰💵 perfidious Albion 💰💸

  • @HistoryCalling

    @HistoryCalling

    Жыл бұрын

    Hehe :-)

  • @Sarmatae1
    @Sarmatae1 Жыл бұрын

    HENRY VI?! But, why?

  • @edithengel2284
    @edithengel2284 Жыл бұрын

    It seems unlikely that the figure is from the Henry VIII crown. However, it would not have been impossible that Charles I had valuables with him like the crown--not to wear, but because he had failed to find a safe place for them in the chaos of the war. But, if the crown was with him, with or without the religious figures, it was captured with the rest of his baggage by the Parliamentarians. Surely there would be some record of that event, had the crown come into Parliamentary possession at that time? When Charles' descendant Bonnie Prince Charlie's personal baggage was captured at Culloden, it contained quite a few surprisingly valuable objects--though of course, not a crown! Kings, and would-be kings, travelled in state, even when in battle.

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