What are VRM Phases? - Multiphase Buck Converters
I'm back! And to kick things off we're going to take a brief look at multiphase buck converters, found most commonly on PC motherboards and graphics cards to feed the power hungry silicon with low voltage, high current supplies.
What happens when:
0:00 Introduction
0:40 What is a buck converter?
1:44 Half-bridge demo
2:53 Half-bridge vs buck converter
4:44 Real-world buck converters
5:41 Why have multiple phases?
9:51 More phases more better?
10:38 Applications of multiphase buck converters
11:06 Gamer's conclusion
11:19 A look at the 2006 Acer motherboard
17:13 Conclusion
17:41 Outro
Follow me on Instagram to stay up to date on all the latest stuff:
/ electrarc240
Donate through PayPal to support more cool projects:
www.paypal.com/paypalme/elect...
Пікірлер: 77
Probably the best explanation about VRMs on the internet, well done!
@ByteDelight
8 күн бұрын
Agreed, very informative! Well done!
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Thank you so much! Really means a lot to hear that and makes me glad to have returned.
@ByteDelight
7 күн бұрын
@@electrarc240 And not the least since hearing you work at Red Bull Powertrains! Can't wait to see what you guys make of the new Honda PU! (My son and me love F1, and are at Zandvoort in August).
@electrarc240
6 күн бұрын
@@ByteDelight I have just started recently, but wow is it cool! Sadly I can't really say much about it which upsets me cause I think everyone deserves to see all the crazy tech these F1 teams have. I also worked at Mercedes last year so very interesting to compare their 2026 PUs 👀
You have an absolutely admirable ability to describe complex concepts in simple language! I was a university professor and instructor for 16 years and have never encountered anyone as capable in all those years of schooling and peer exposure.
@brieftodo agree.. this was great to be able to explain to my son who is speccing a new pc and what all the marketing crap was about…. Well done..clear, easy to follow, and not bloody clock bait….have a sub!
The GOAT returns
wanted to say that it's the best VRM explanation on KZread, i see that i'm not the only one who thinks that :D subscribed
@electrarc240
7 күн бұрын
Ah thank you very much!
Great video! Lately I've felt a strong autodidactic push to slake my curiosity beyond a surface level understanding with regards to the things I use everyday, but even in this "information age" with 200+ videos showing how to derive a PWM signal from a 555 I find myself in the position of Coleridge's Ancient Mariner. I'm sure what they're saying is correct and viable, but the conceptualization feels like someone who has trekked over the mountain and come back, without regard to the difficulties of the initial summit. I just wanted to drop a line and say that although there are many who are doing or have done things categorically similar to your work, how you parse and convey the information is unique and proven, to me at least, to be the most enlightening. So thanks, your work is very much appreciated.
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Thank you so much that really means a lot!
Glad to see you back. Looking forward to your upcoming videos.
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Thanks, looking forward to making them!
I don't know that much about electronics (only High School physics) but that explanation of the buck converter at 3:36 is magic!
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Thankyou so much! It was very off the cuff haha
Thanks for the video. I've been trying to up my mobo topology and power delivery knowledge lately and this was a quick reference.
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Glad to help!
thank you, I didn't know that about CPU motherboards very good tutorial
Very interesting video! Great to see you back, new job sounds cool!
@electrarc240
9 күн бұрын
Thank you! It certainly is :)
Just discovered your channel. This is pure gold! Subscribed.
as someone who was recently trying to decide what the components on a new motherboard were and trying to decide if I need to make some kind of custom cooling thing for them, all my attempts to find videos explaining the components have come up empty until this video, thank you, and thank you again for explaining how things work in such a way that even I was able to follow and understand, hugely useful and helpful video.
@electrarc240
4 күн бұрын
Thank you very much, I'm glad it was easier to understand!
Keep em coming, great video!
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Thanks!!
That was very nicely explained, so even i could understand that! Thanks for that!
@electrarc240
2 күн бұрын
Thank you, glad to hear it was digestible :)
Happy to see you back!❤
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Happy to be back!
Well that cleared up a lot of questions for me. subbed.
@electrarc240
7 күн бұрын
Glad to have helped!
VERY good explanation!!!
@electrarc240
6 күн бұрын
Thank you very much!
Fantastic stuff. I am learning a lot!
Very interesting. KZread recommendations did a good job this time.
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Thank you very much!
The old P4-era motherboard has a 4-pin power connector but my board has two 8-pin connectors and a twin 8+8 phase VRM.
This is perfect 👍🏾 it’s a decent balance between layman understanding and intermediate and ready to research more. You wouldn’t believe how much some folks gate keep (no pun intended) this info. It’s weird lol it almost feels like they want to appear smart. Sharing is caring, thank you!
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
That’s exactly how I feel! There are some things that seem so simple yet anyone who “teaches” about it just use all these needlessly complex terms and put people off. Thank you!
@VEC7ORlt
23 сағат бұрын
Noone is gate keeping anything, they just dont understand none of it, go read the application notes, there is a mountain of info freely available, but you need to understand the basics.
Glad to see you back! I was worried 😂
@electrarc240
10 күн бұрын
Thank you. Glad to be back!
It would be nice if the 3 phases could cancel the ripple completely as with 3 phase rectifiers using sinewaves. Perhaps that doesn’t work with the triangle waves
@electrarc240
2 күн бұрын
Yeah sadly not, there is a bit of a "golden number" of phases given by 1/d where d is duty cycle (so 12 phases for my 12V to 1V example), at which there is always a single half-bridge high so the output capacitors have far less ripple to smooth. Sadly in practice this doesn't really work as the duty cycle is constantly changing to adjust for CPU load, meaning there will be short times of either no half-bridges high or two half-bridges high, both of which will re-introduce the troublesome ripple. You do get some open-loop fixed-duty converters that take advantage of this but they are quite uncommon.
Amazing video. Subscribed 👍👍
@electrarc240
4 күн бұрын
Thanks!
Good explanation 👍🏼
@electrarc240
2 күн бұрын
Thanks!
GJ man! subbed :)
@electrarc240
7 күн бұрын
Thanks a lot!
Thank you.
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Always happy to teach :)
muy bueno, aunque es algo que ya sabía, no sabia que era multifase, pensaba que eran 3 fuentes individuales. buena explicación, comentó en español para que sepas que tu público es amplio. va mi like y suscripcion.
@electrarc240
5 күн бұрын
Gracias!
nice video currently trying to fault find power or power control fault on a motherboard
@electrarc240
5 күн бұрын
Thanks!
You would have fun looking at a gigabyte GA-8KNXP (Pentium4 era) they did the weirdest thing and gave it a card slot beside the FETs to add extra power 'phases'(?) called DPM. Had to look it up, one user said theirs caught on fire, another user said that it was for if the EPS 12v failed, I had one of these but never the extra card to boost it. So I'm uncertain if it was new phases, or lowering the RDSon by putting extra ones in parallel, or some other augmentation.
@electrarc240
5 күн бұрын
Just gave it a quick google, looks so interesting (if a bit gimmicky), thanks for mentioning it!
11:19 yeah alright :)
i have a very simple question , instead of a multiphase buck converter , why not have a single good or high quality buck converter with lowest possible ripple or maybe an LDO right after the BUCK stage , you will highly decrease the BOM cost and LDO will have the most stable output voltage given that its able to handle the amounts of current thrown at it by the CPU
@electrarc240
14 минут бұрын
I think multiphase can achieve better "bang per buck" by using many cheap components rather than fewer pricey ones, it also has better responsiveness which is really important for CPU power.
Yeah, those openings in the solder mask, they do exactly nothing.
Great video Why didn't you put inductor with ur circuit on bread board
@electrarc240
5 күн бұрын
With my manual half-bridge I’m switching at around 5Hz, so the inductance needed would be huge. For a quick demonstration it was much easier to just use an RC filter rather than an LC one, and just not mention it. Doesn’t affect the basic understanding at all
9:55 a*Coughs*sus Sorry sore throat.
You cannot just replace the inductor with the capacitor in the demo.
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Shhhh!
Did you forget the inductor?
@electrarc240
6 күн бұрын
No it was a simplified demo, treating a buck converter as just a filtered half-bridge. As I was manually switching (Fsw = ~5Hz) an LC filter would've required a very high inductance, hence the use of an RC filter instead. There was no point mentioning this and potentially confusing people. For the majority of viewers this has given them all the understanding they wanted, if those who are interested (hopefully this has got people interested) simply do a little googling or watch other, more in-depth videos (hopefully mine) about buck converters they will learn the reasons for using an LC filter over RC filter.
Please, don't use sharpie and a regular paper. Some of us can't handle this squickie sound 🙂
@electrarc240
8 күн бұрын
Ah my apologies! I am open to suggestion for alternative pen suppliers? I have some POSCAs somewhere...
@MarcABrown-tt1fp
7 күн бұрын
Ooohh, what an adorable whiner you are. Your mind is softer than a tuft of cotton. 😭
impressive! Great video
@electrarc240
7 күн бұрын
Thank you!
Good stuff (a technical term). Thanks for the creativity and infotainment. Cheers from So.Ca.USA 3rd House On the Left (call before stopping by)