References
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
Wilczek's Original Proposal of Time Crystals (2012)
Reference: Frank Wilczek, "Quantum Time Crystals", Physical Review Letters, 2012.
Summary: This paper introduces the concept of time crystals, proposing that systems can exhibit periodic structure in time in their ground state, analogous to spatial periodicity in ordinary crystals.
Experimental Observation of Time Crystals (2017)
Reference: J. Zhang, P. W. Hess, A. Kyprianidis, et al., "Observation of a Discrete Time Crystal", Nature, 2017.
Summary: This paper reports the first experimental observation of a discrete time crystal using a system of trapped ions subjected to periodic laser pulses.
Criticism and Theoretical Challenges (2013)
Reference: Patrick Bruno, "Impossibility of Spontaneously Rotating Time Crystals: A No-Go Theorem", Physical Review Letters, 2013.
Summary: Patrick Bruno presents a theoretical argument challenging the feasibility of Wilczek's time crystal in its ground state, citing thermodynamic constraints.
Monroe's Experimental Group (2017)
Reference: C. Monroe et al., "Observation of a Discrete Time Crystal in a Trapped Ion Quantum Simulator", Nature Physics, 2017.
Summary: This paper details the creation of a time crystal using ytterbium ions and demonstrates the system's rigidity and lack of heating under periodic driving forces.
Lukin's Experimental Group (2017)
Reference: S. Choi, J. Choi, R. Landig, et al., "Observation of Discrete Time-Crystalline Order in a Disordered Dipolar Many-Body System", Nature, 2017.
Summary: Mikhail Lukin's group observed discrete time crystal behavior in a system of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, driven by microwave pulses and exhibiting robust oscillations.
Nemoto's Mathematical Technique (2021)
Reference: K. Nemoto et al., "Graph Theory and Statistical Mechanics Approach to Discrete Time Crystals", Physical Review X, 2021.
Summary: This paper presents a novel mathematical framework combining graph theory and statistical mechanics to study the properties and evolution of discrete time crystals.
Review of Time Crystals in Non-equilibrium Systems (2019)
Reference: V. Khemani, R. Moessner, S. L. Sondhi, "A Brief History of Time Crystals", Nature Physics, 2019.
Summary: This review article provides an overview of the theoretical and experimental developments in the study of time crystals, emphasizing their existence in non-equilibrium quantum systems.
Quantum Computing Applications of Time Crystals (2020)
Reference: Y. Wang, C. Monroe, "Time Crystals and Quantum Computing", Quantum Information Processing, 2020.
Summary: This paper explores the potential applications of time crystals in quantum computing, focusing on their ability to maintain coherence and oscillate reliably, which could benefit the development of quantum clocks and networks.
Background Music
Elden Ring (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox Series X/S) (2022), PC 1.02
478974414 - Rennala, Queen of the Full Moon
Sacred Original Soundtrack (2004), Dark Forest Of Tyr-Fasul
Sacred Original Soundtrack (2004), Daemons Of Ancaria
#time #crystals #quantumphysics #quantumcomputer #ai #simulation #space