Even though in the Six Days of Creation there are certain implicit elements that appear to be out of sync with God’s plan, such as darkness and chaos, at every stage of creation God defines it as “good” (Hebrew tov). The darkness and chaos seem to imply the absence of God, both in the Bible and in the Ancient Near Eastern literature, such as the Babylonian epic “Enuma Elish,” where the world is conceptualized in terms of order or chaos, and the deity Marduk (or Baal) is the one who brings order out of chaos. There are many passages in both Old and New Testaments where darkness is a metaphor for the absence of God, just as light is a symbol for his presence. The linking of the concept of chaos here with the image of darkness is a metaphor for the absence of God. Or, to look at it from the other direction, which is probably closer to what the divine writer wanted to say: without God and his active presence in the world there is only darkness, disorder, and chaos. That provides a background for the creative activity of God. At the end, Genesis 1:31 states that “God saw all that he had made, and it was very good.”
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