46% of the earth crust is oxygen Me: *Inhales rocks*

@66janabanana

4 жыл бұрын

Those are body parts of something lol

@terminator6267

4 жыл бұрын

*_Drugs are baad mmmmkhay???_*

@TheDrumstickEmpire

4 жыл бұрын

Jana Roberts not all of them.

@gorgistanojevik3196

4 жыл бұрын

Why dont we just get uranium to decay get the uranium under an microscope and put an camera on the microscope?

@dino9656

4 жыл бұрын

Yes you will get kidney stones and gain super powers an save someones life

Conspiracy theory: Astatine was created by the government in between Polonium (Po) and Radon (Rn) to keep the periodic table from saying Po Rn

@kingcringe6069

4 жыл бұрын

FBI WANT TO KNOW YOUR LOCATION

@tariffictypist7372

4 жыл бұрын

I like it.

@markhdhu1320

4 жыл бұрын

underrated

@yaphace

4 жыл бұрын

HAHAHAHAHA SCIENCE JOKES WE'RE VERY SMART TEEHEE

@MinecraftMasterChief719

4 жыл бұрын

this comment was removed for false information

My favorite random fact about Helium is that it was discovered by observing emission lines from the sun. Hence it being named for the sun (Helios).

WORKER : Sir theres a volcano beyond the crust Boss : keep digging

Astatine: **exists** _oh, wait, it's gone already_

@ipotatosenpai7002

4 жыл бұрын

:(

@andrewcalvo9293

4 жыл бұрын

1 like one prayer for astatine. Fs in the chat F

@kendraz7994

4 жыл бұрын

Hahahah točno tako

@akthethotboi9711

4 жыл бұрын

Josip Ćurić so true but this sounds like a meme Xd

@dinamosflams

4 жыл бұрын

Nice one

Villagers: I'll give you 3 bread for that.

@erikplumlee3399

4 жыл бұрын

Deal!

@beezzaroll

4 жыл бұрын

You get bread?! I get coarse dirt

@g4l1l_buckz35

4 жыл бұрын

Pawn Stars: You know I'm taking a big risk here. I think 3 dollars would make a profit for both of us.

@olivia4549

4 жыл бұрын

Lol I think only Minecraft players would understand that

@g4l1l_buckz35

4 жыл бұрын

@@olivia4549 "mincraft*

helium : rare, made from radioactive decay over millions of years humans : *haha balloon go brrrr*

I worked as a jeweler for about 10 years; the most likely reason Pt is “worth” more than Au is that it’s a much more sturdy metal (desired to secure large stones) than gold and also keeps a cleaner look (less discoloration). Also, depending on trends, white metals can be more popular in general (white gold and rhodium plating being the solution for gold). Gold needs to be maintained by regular cleaning and re-plating. It’s also a tougher metal to work with (need welding goggles) so it’s just more expensive to work with (labor being much more involved and working with much higher temps). It may also have to do with how it’s removed from the crust but I’m less aware of how that’s done.

@Walkercolt1

Жыл бұрын

Pure gold is so soft, ALL gold bullion is hardened with platinum so the bullion bars can be stacked and handled without undo WEAR and loss of value. I'm not that smart-National Geographic 30+ years ago had an entire issue devoted to "GOLD". Bullion is .9987% "pure gold" or Credit Suisse Alloy settled upon in the late 1860's as the "World Standard" for bullion. Gold almost always has a tiny bit of very pure COPPER added for better color for jewelry. It only takes about 6% Pt to turn gold "white" (20 carat Gold can be "white Gold"). Even less rhodium. 100% PURE GOLD feels "greasy" to the touch, as your are rubbing some metal off on your fingers-rub 10 minutes and you'll "gold leaf" your fingerprints!

@ChemEDan

Жыл бұрын

Look up Larry Lawton if you're not familiar with him

@MichaelClark-uw7ex

Жыл бұрын

Ever hear of Platinosis? Platinum vapor is toxic.

@bobsmith6079

2 ай бұрын

@jaydubaic21 The reason that platinum is more expensive is because there are practical uses for platinum where gold is mostly ornamental. If you're synthesizing gems like sapphire, ruby or emeralds that requires platinum crucibles and there's the field of semiconductors where little companies like trillion dollar giants like Nvidia, Apple and TSMC, Broadcom and Intel use huge platinum crucibles to make the silicon wafers that are diamond sawed from logs that are etched into chips. All vehicles have platinum catalytic converters in the G7 too. Platinum is used in anticancer drugs and catalyzing the polymerization of silicones and other chemicals.

@bobsmith6079

2 ай бұрын

The semiconductor lasers are made in platinum crucible so every CD, DVD and checkout scanner not to mention weapon range finder lidar depends on them.

I can tell you why platinum is widely considered more valuable than gold platinum's melting point is _insane_ for a metal in that part of the periodic table - this stuff is utterly nutterly butterly, it doesn't melt until 1768C! Compare that with the melting point of gold, 1064 (which you'll note is within spitting distance of half as hot). On top of this, gold and silver are far more malleable compared to platinum, which is only slightly less hard than iron and prone to being brittle. This made brightsmiths (blacksmiths worked iron and steel, brightsmiths worked precious metals) loathe to touch the stuff as it was next to impossible to cast into jewelry and insanely difficult to smith into shape with common brightsmithing hammers and equipment - the stuff was a NIGHTMARE to work, requiring the touch of only the most skilled of smiths. Because of this, anything _made_ of platinum was an absolute chad move on the part of the owner, because it meant having the cash to throw around that you could commission the finest smiths in the known world for enough money that they were persuaded to work with this absolute nightmare metal that was also exceedingly rare at the time because it was so unworkable that no one really bothered mining it. Obviously with the advent of modern tech, and the use of platinum in things like catalytic converters, it's become more commonly mined and is completely workable with modern machinery, so it's lost a lot of its value- but the cultural memories of its old status remain

@fsdds1488

3 жыл бұрын

Actually the Russian Empire do issue platinum coins, but it was relatively rare (less than 1.5m coins were minted).

@giovannirafael5351

3 жыл бұрын

Platinum is also usually more stable than gold, so maybe that's a reason? It is also harder to mine in the aspect that it occurs in less places than gold. I think the difference in prices is mostly due to the market, gold is heavily searched with 50% of it going to jewelry and other 40% being used as investment, while only 34% of platinum going to jewelry with 45% of platinum being used for vehicle emission control devices and only a small amount for investment.

@gettothepoint_already3858

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you for the history lesson. It was very helpful in putting that into perspective. Sorry it took four replies to get one simple courtesy. People can be jerks.

@Darasilverdragon

3 жыл бұрын

@@gettothepoint_already3858 I appreciate the... well... appreciation but there's no need to put other people down while expressing it but thank you

@lisaschuster9187

3 жыл бұрын

I was going to ask my dentist for some platinum teeth, but I’ll stick to iridium.

Astatine and Fluorine are my two favorite elements. Astatine desperately wants to not exist, and Fluorine desperately wants EVERYTHING ELSE to not exist!

@wonderwomanrules2

3 жыл бұрын

My favorite element is Rubidium. It's really shiny, although it's quite rare and expensive.

@excuseyou7198

3 жыл бұрын

My favorite element is phosphorus

@sunnybanny7831

3 жыл бұрын

I'm a element😃😃

@avo616

3 жыл бұрын

@@sunnybanny7831 just one element? 🤔

@excuseyou7198

3 жыл бұрын

@@kbyrnenc H2O is a compound, not an element. You should have learned this in like the first grade.

I am a Nuclear Engineer, I was really curious to see how you would address the radioactive elements when I saw the title. Congratulations, I learned a lot of new stuff with this video.

@f.b.i9871

2 жыл бұрын

Probably a hard job ey?

@jpheitman1

11 ай бұрын

@@f.b.i9871 He's pretty neutral about it; the job fluxuates. Sometimes it feels like trying to shoot at the broad side of a barn.

@evank3718

6 ай бұрын

Where’d you go to school?

One thing to consider when it comes to rarity and value is how easy it is to extract/refine. As you noted, aluminum is one of the most abundant elements on earth, but until the late 1800's it was more valuable than gold, because people didn't know how to efficiently get it out of the rocks.

@Em-wb4kf

10 ай бұрын

All the more reason to recycle aluminium, eh.

@bobbybob3865

10 ай бұрын

I believe that gold, although more common in the Earth's crust than titanium, is more valuable because it has a lot more uses in the life of humanity than just a store of wealth. Besides its use in various electronic instruments and in a variety of other commercial products, gold can be flattened into more than 100,000 sheets per inch. Since gold almost instantly combines with oxygen to form a very thin layer of gold oxide at its surface, its color can be used to beautify numerous large objects while protecting them from chemical combination with other elements.

Gold: "Hey Astatine, how was your day?" Astatine: *Aight imma head out*

@yaphace

4 жыл бұрын

Hahahahahaha i understood that joke im smart

@Lot_2023

4 жыл бұрын

360 morons upvoted this lame-assed comment.

@basketbolnatatopkanasemeis9396

4 жыл бұрын

Another super funny overused meme

@Lot_2023

4 жыл бұрын

367

@bruhify9660

4 жыл бұрын

yaphace um yeah we all did

The rarest element on Earth is the element of surprise. Gotcha !!

@kewaso_5313

4 жыл бұрын

Like the spanish inquisition

@moormonkey

4 жыл бұрын

UnexpensiveGayPrideCondoms 621 there was the largest amount of Surprise on earth around that time.

@kewaso_5313

4 жыл бұрын

@@moormonkey truly nobody expects it

@dark_dirttv7474

4 жыл бұрын

Very good 👍🏻

@namedyukinne4398

4 жыл бұрын

No its not.. It *IS* the element of suprise

Atlas: 46.5% of the crust is oxygen Me: *begins breathing rapidly*

It's so facinating that so much diversity occurs from the simplest building blocks (particles) just in slightly different arrangements and charges +&- 👍

10:00 “handful of atoms” well that’s a lot of atoms

@-aid4084

3 жыл бұрын

*hesitiantly starts clapping*

@alif6526

3 жыл бұрын

Me: a handfull can i get that ill be richhh

@alif6526

3 жыл бұрын

If i can sell it

@cbaylor0369

3 жыл бұрын

@@alif6526 what?

@Tangorine124

3 жыл бұрын

Atoms are smaller than your hand,WAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAY smaller that your hand so your hand can fit like idk,QADRILLIONS?

That picture at 0:28 isn't of the Kola borehole. That is the Mirny mine in Siberia. Which is an open pit diamond mine located in Sakha Republic in Russia. The borehole in fact is (was now that is is demolished) a rather nondescript building. The hole itself is just a small steel cap on a slab of concrete.

@jamesshefchik9690

5 жыл бұрын

Ditto the above

@johnr9763

4 жыл бұрын

But please don't fall in. You will never come out.

@kirkmcgraw735

4 жыл бұрын

Tessa Rossa 😂😂😂

@AuroraX7

4 жыл бұрын

No it’s the earths butthole

@___3115

4 жыл бұрын

Jimmy Zimmerman the kola borehole is covered by a rusty metal cover.

Wow, I learned something within the first 2 minutes. I had no idea that Oxygen could be anything other than a gas. As a crystal and gem collector: this knowledge is a game changer.

@LiborTinka

11 ай бұрын

Indeed there are very few elements you can find in nature in their elemental form. Note that even oxygen you breathe is not elemental, it's diatomic molecule. Truly elemental oxygen is monoatomic and is extremely reactive (even more so than singlet oxygen or ozone I believe) - especially with alkaline and alkali earth metals. Even very stable elements like mercury and lead are not found in pure form in nature as their respective compounds with oxygen or sulfur (see cinnabar, galenite) are more thermodynamically favoured.

@bunsenn5064

5 ай бұрын

@@LiborTinkaIf you think monoatomic oxygen is reactive, you should see monoatomic fluorine!

@jovetj

4 ай бұрын

I guess the chemical formula H₂O means nothing to you? Imagine how much oxygen on Earth is bound up in its oceans... let alone your body.

Very very interesting. The funny things is that most of us see elements like solid unchanging stuff, while it isn't, they can trasform themselves in something else, that's nice

If they released the caves update maybe we will find this element

@joshuameadus7861

4 жыл бұрын

Ah yes, the ever elusive Cave Update. If only the Outside devs could get on that sooner, we might finally get the mars exploration community achievement. Or not. Only the forum mods and devs could know.

@argumengenichyperloquaciou4115

4 жыл бұрын

Excue me sir but caves are already here! HOF HOF HOF

@mohamedrafiktalbi5322

4 жыл бұрын

if the update was made by EA you'd need to purchase the DLC xD

@xxalex423xx

4 жыл бұрын

heh you kids know nothin back in my day you had to buy the canary dlc if we ever wanted to mine and don't get me started on the low xp and money drops mining quests had

@warlordhuo4647

4 жыл бұрын

It would be cool if you can make weapons and armor out of astatine in minecraft, it's SUPER OP but it breaks in like 2-3 hits

*Astatine would be really good at hide and seek..*

@SerbianNationaIist

4 жыл бұрын

but it cheats, it dissapears as soon as someone finds it

@vurve3406

4 жыл бұрын

Tomattino Troller nah, they never found it in the first place

@kiiyoko

4 жыл бұрын

Haha! They’ll probably do just as well as my dad! please come back.

@DuyNguyen-sg7pw

4 жыл бұрын

Nam Le Do you know anything rarer than it? It is the Republic of Vietnam. It is not even recognized by the world

@Thai8521

4 жыл бұрын

@@DuyNguyen-sg7pw Interesting, even us Vietnamese-American didn't know.

7:10 i think the reason platinum is still considered "above" gold in most people's minds is that it USED to be more valuable than gold AND even now that it isn't (monetarily) it's still more DIFFICULT to *melt and refine* than gold is...PLUS economically viable deposits of it are actually still more rare than economically viable deposits of gold as far as we (humans) are aware

Very interesting video - I’ve subscribed and look forward to more.

Nuclear Medicine? “Doctor I don’t feel so good” *hands patient Oganesson pill* *Pill decays away*

@drcthru7672

5 жыл бұрын

Nuclear medicine is a powerful diagnostic tool!

@samplesimple0

5 жыл бұрын

​@AtomicPickle1 there's not nearly enough for you to take a pill of it

@kartik727

5 жыл бұрын

Humans really have just one way of solving problems. Cancer? Just nuke it!

@bycycle2358

5 жыл бұрын

Hydrogen-7 has a half life of around 23 yocto seconds so it’d decay before your brain received the information from your eyes that it even existed lol

@devincalfee4908

5 жыл бұрын

reverse thanoss

When I saw helium and neon, I went and got my pressurized ampule of xenon (encased in acrylic) out of the fridge. It's easily the rarest stable element in the Earth's crust. I got it for an amazing property: it turns from a liquid to a state of matter we don't usually get to see - a supercritical fluid - between fridge and room temp. Its critical point falls at 16.6 C or 61.9 F, at a pressure of about 58 atmospheres. As I tilt it back and forth, the interface between the vapor and liquid eventually becomes blurry and then vanishes altogether. Also, it's beautiful in an electric field. It set me back $103 but it's worth every penny. ...but then you bypassed it and went on to trace radioactive elements. That's fine, no hard feelings. Astatine is cool but I had worse luck ordering it. Amazon got it to me in 2 days but only 1/64 of what I ordered was there. So I sent it back but they claimed they only got 1/4096 of what they sent me. Goddamn Jeff Bezos!

@degeimofer3272

2 жыл бұрын

no its astatine smh

@degeimofer3272

2 жыл бұрын

nvm it decayed lmao

@getsbuckets

2 жыл бұрын

wow ,who cares

@degeimofer3272

2 жыл бұрын

good argument, unfortunately i did your mother

@boredninja12

2 жыл бұрын

@@getsbuckets i care about this

This was such an informative video, I found it really interesting and I learned new info about the periodic table which I already thought I had a grasp on, its so well done.

Really interesting video! Thanks for the upload.

It might sound strange, but I am much more amazed that we can know all of this, than the fact that these element are so rare.

@katlasdahgreat

2 жыл бұрын

@@nomadbrad6391 He did say it at around 0:32. 40 000 meters was just how deep the crust was

@BofA243

2 жыл бұрын

@@nomadbrad6391 are you dumb?

@bumpsy

2 жыл бұрын

@@nomadbrad6391 maybe try to actually watch the video and listen before accusing people ^^

@brusso456

Жыл бұрын

you want to be amazed pulsars turn light into matter, hydrogen the only real element, all other elements are made from hydrogen (in the heart of stars).

@maalikserebryakov

Жыл бұрын

@@brusso456 How do we know the number of subatomic particles in each atom

My teacher showing me my grades: 8:02

@harunsenturk401

4 жыл бұрын

Abraham Montiel “you guys are better grades?”

@mandar17

4 жыл бұрын

More like teacher reading my report card

@rainbowcamo8844

4 жыл бұрын

This comment made me crack up so much, bravo!

@itsalanbro1132

4 жыл бұрын

At least You got that 4. I’m proud of you

@zenosama8505

4 жыл бұрын

Abraham Montiel I sure your plenty smart

6:44 I feel lied to all these years lmao

Radon is so rare yet it seems to love lingering in my house

@handledav

2 жыл бұрын

but its only a very small amount of radon

The rarest element is two pretty best friends

@CDev5022

3 жыл бұрын

Yes

@ruzzelsantos8678

3 жыл бұрын

Yes

@puteradaeman6153

3 жыл бұрын

Agree

@user-xf6ox6zx4w

3 жыл бұрын

Yes

@kapzduke

3 жыл бұрын

good luck mining that one

ez I can just find it in a extreme hills biome

@hantrazaveri1566

4 жыл бұрын

Cepha emerald is actually quite common in Minecraft I saw like 20 in a cave

@ossi2147

4 жыл бұрын

And gold in mesa biome

@tnrgaming344

4 жыл бұрын

And diamonds in the i don't know biome cause i never find diamond. :)

@klairy2437

4 жыл бұрын

Oh dont forget to get a mewtwo!

@memeryeemer4893

4 жыл бұрын

Nerd X-ray makes all of those ores ez

All your videos are very interesting!

Excellent and very informative presentation.

Astatine: exists* Also Astatine : *I have decided that i want to die*

@Lot_2023

4 жыл бұрын

Idiot.

@HaXD1209

4 жыл бұрын

This means astatine is just speedrunning life

@octobsession3061

4 жыл бұрын

@@Lot_2023 You idiot.you moron

@prfidcord7785

4 жыл бұрын

@@Lot_2023 You idiot.you moron. you clown.

@dreamybullx1

4 жыл бұрын

@@Lot_2023 Just fuck off

helium: *IS RARE * people: fills ballons with it as if it was nothing

@dominikcondicbijader1013

4 жыл бұрын

You ever heard of water?

@yaphace

4 жыл бұрын

I really try not to. I prefer sticks and human spit to hold up balloons but 🚫 to helium

@g4l1l_buckz35

4 жыл бұрын

@@yaphace it sounds like you impaled a man/woman and then tied the balloon to their dead hand.

@lneri7152

4 жыл бұрын

@@g4l1l_buckz35 is that a mf jojo reference?

@g4l1l_buckz35

4 жыл бұрын

@@lneri7152 i have watched jojo but i don't think i remember someone with a balloon

Entertaining and informative. Thank you.

Rough estimates of the gold to platinum extraction ratio vary, but according to most sources, gold is likely extracted at 3 to 5 times the rate of platinum, on average. Some key points: • Gold is usually much easier to extract than platinum because it often occurs in native form, while platinum typically requires processing of ore minerals to isolate the platinum metal. This difference makes gold more amenable to recovery via gravimetric and simple metallurgical methods. • Historically, gold extraction has been more technologically feasible. Simple panning and amalgamation methods could recover gold, while platinum required the development of froth flotation and chemical processing to achieve commercial extraction rates. As technology has improved, the extraction ratio of gold to platinum has declined, but gold is still usually extracted at a higher rate. • Economics plays a role as well. The higher demand, value and market price of gold has made gold deposits more economical to mine. So the resources and infrastructure dedicated to gold extraction are greater. This also results in a higher total extraction volume of gold relative to platinum. • Estimates of crustal abundance ratios of gold to platinum are around 4:1, while extraction ratios are possibly 3:1 up to 5:1 or more, indicating gold is extracted at a moderately higher rate than would be expected from abundance alone. But actual ratios vary significantly based on ore type, location, mining companies, and technologies deployed. • Some sources indicate that around 2,700 tonnes of gold and 550-700 tonnes of platinum were extracted globally in recent decades. This would equate to a rough extraction ratio of around 4:1 for gold relative to platinum. But again, there is variability based on many factors. So while a precise figure is difficult to determine, most evidence suggests gold is likely extracted at 3 to 5 times the rate of platinum, on average, due to a combination of geological, technological and economic factors. But locally and temporally, this ratio varies based on the specifics of the deposits and mining operations. The extraction ratio of gold to platinum is not strictly a function of their abundance ratio alone.

Astatine: Let me introduce myse...

@cerulean22b69

4 жыл бұрын

well you beat me to it lol, i was gonna say something very similar :)

@44i0O

3 жыл бұрын

I- goodbye then.

@Naderium

3 жыл бұрын

Also astatine:aight imma head out

@TioPika-Pau

3 жыл бұрын

Lol

@Slamazzar

3 жыл бұрын

Actually Francium has even shorter lifetime of only 22 minutes, even if its total amount is larger at 20-30 grams...

If you need help with the Platinum and gold confusion it's because Platinum is actually in a decline right now in the market place for a few reasons. Historically Platinum has almost always been more expensive because of it's properties and suspected rarity.

@larrydavison8298

5 жыл бұрын

Gold and Silver have been known since ancient times, while Platinum was only known in Columbia, and only identified by Western researchers in the 18th century. The sources of Platinum are more restricted than Gold, so for practical purposes it's scarcer.

@James-fw5ew

5 жыл бұрын

I thought it would have more to do with the music industry. They had gold records before a massive population increase so they had to go to platinum records.

@johnfernandez2751

5 жыл бұрын

Also, the price is driven up by its use in catalytic converters for cars. If gold had to be used in cars, then gold would be way more expensive, too.

@Dragrath1

5 жыл бұрын

@@johnfernandez2751 Platinum in general is one of the best catalysts hence why researchers are looking for alternative catalysts. But in general the valuable minerals such as gold platinum copper silver and palladium as far as I know all fluctuate based on market demand so the order of value largely has to do with demand as opposed to just scarcity.

@russell2449

5 жыл бұрын

Value is not always a direct relationship to scarcity - gold is valued more for it's use in jewelry and as a store of monetary value, whereas platinum is used to a lesser degree for jewelry, it has far more use as an industrial metal. But the bottom line is that humans simply like gold more than platinum (and perhaps that's because it looks too much like its cheaper cousin, silver ;?).

I learned a lot from this video and enjoyed it, so thumbs up for it, but in my opinion the mole fraction is more expressive of the actual occurrence of the elements than the mass fraction and also the mole fraction is more consistent with the count of atoms.

Very informative and enjoyable video.

*_Wakanda wants to know your location_*

@antoniomontana5778

5 жыл бұрын

You're right, he didn't mention vivranium!!!

@marveljames4256

5 жыл бұрын

vibranium

@-abhinjharwal

5 жыл бұрын

@Ásgeir Loftsson vibeuanejsjebjsranium

@user-vl1tb1xx2d

5 жыл бұрын

Antonio Montana vibranium lmao

@jasonbowman9521

5 жыл бұрын

Cool People are moving to Rob Liefeld's The Existence. It's a thing from Major X

Hi Atlas Pro! This is a really well put together video, I loved the pacing, the production and the narrative tone. The research on the abundance of elements in the crust was spot on as far as I could tell, and I thought it was a nice way to introduce the concept of radioactive decay in Earth materials. I'm actually making this post because there were a few glaring errors early on however, which I just couldn't get past as a geologist! Specifically: "Anything below the crust is completely inaccessible to us, both in terms of mining and research" Not in terms of research. We use indirect geophysical methods to 'access' and image the mantle/core, but we also have actual rock samples from the mantle in the form of xenoliths - chunks of rock which have survived a journey from the mantle into a crustal magma chamber and eventually spat out by a volcano for us to examine. The Kola Superdeep borehole was not stopped due to "heat from the mantle", but due to the heat from the higher than expected geothermal gradient of the crust that was being drilled into. Although heat from the mantle would have contributed to total overall heat, geothermal gradients in continental crust are much higher than in the mantle and quite variable - it wasn't foreseen how high the gradient would be at the Kola Superdeep Borehole site. "Earths's crust can reach up to 40,000 metres deep". In fact, Earth's crust can be even thicker than this at sites of plate convergence and mountain building. Here we can get a crustal thickness of up to 80,000 metres, which is seen in parts of the Himalaya today. "We don't actually have any precise measurements of what's beyond the crust". In truth, we have loads of physical measurements from seismology and magnetic detection, we also have loads of geochemical measurements from mantle xenoliths. "The molten lava that comes from the mantle mostly consists of material from the crust which just melted from contact with the mantle." This is the biggest error in the video. Crustal material which gets assimilated into magma chambers does play an important role in the chemical evolution of many magmas, but the vast majority of magmas on Earth represent partial melting of the mantle. All magmas produced everywhere originate from this partial melting of mantle material (with a literal handful of extremely rare cases from the Himalaya where melting can originate in the crust). This is why lavas can be so useful as a window into mantle processes - that's where they come from. Magma chambers are filled with material melted from the mantle, and provided it doesn't sit around too long in there, it may not ever receive any crustal component. The ocean floors are made from basalt which was melted from the mantle alone, mid-ocean ridges are home to magma chambers which are constantly erupting and being replenished. "Therefore in reality, lava offers little insight into what's beyond the crust". An entire field of geoscience has been long established which deals with classifying lavas, their origin and what they can tell us about the Earth's interior, in particular the mantle. This is known as igneous petrology.

@AtlasPro1

5 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the extremely thoughtful response! Initially I had included a part in the video about how we’ve studied what’s inside the Earth (though that went a bit more into the magnetism and graviton always interplay between the Earth and other bodies). I think I was really just trying to simplify parts of the video that wouldn’t come into play later on. I still don’t believe we know enough about the deep mantle and core to make a comprehensive list about the abundance of trace elements. Once I decided the crust would be the focus, I heavily generalized to make the video flow better. Also I didn’t realize there’s was a difference between geothermal heat and heat from the interior. Most measurements of the crust only extend to 40000m, mountains can get thicker but no one would ever try to dig a whole to the mantle by starting on a mountain. Overall, I just didn’t want to over complicate the video by bogging it down with specificity, I hope you’ll forgive me. Thanks for watching!

@Badgerbrainz

5 жыл бұрын

Ah thanks for the response. I do totally understand simplifying things for the purposes of your video. I would argue that we can constrain the trace element composition of the upper mantle, but we can’t really do it in the same way for the lower mantle, so I can forgive this also. The only thing I remain a stickler about is saying that most lava is melted crust - it’s just not true! About geothermal heat - this is synonymous with heat from the interior. The rate at which temperature changes with depth can be quite variable in continental crust, and at the Kola Superdeep Borehole this rate increased with depth a fair bit quicker than they thought it would.

@AtlasPro1

5 жыл бұрын

haha touche, I don't remember exactly where I got that information but I'll try to find it

@pikatheminecrafter

5 жыл бұрын

Site your sourses, that's what they say. :D Edit: No one likes grammar nazis. For that, Nathan, I have either removed or replased all instanses of the third letter with either K or S. Suk on that. :P

@earlbaker2349

5 жыл бұрын

Well said, ty even more. Why not do your own video? shalom.

Thank you - very informative

Right on man, Thanks for Sharing this.

Just because platnium may be more abundant in earth's crust dosent mean its less rare. we mine way less platinum yearly. gold is more expensive because its demand is way higher.

@jamesa1995

5 жыл бұрын

That's literally what the video is about - platinum is less rare than gold, period. Doesn't matter how much you mine - the video isn't about how much humans have taken from the crust of the earth - its about the abundance of elements in the earths crust - IE the chances of you finding those elements if you went looking. But agree - gold is more expensive because it is in higher demand, price doesn't necessarily have anything to do with rarity, but doesn't mean that platinum isn't less rare than gold

@ObjectsInMotion

4 жыл бұрын

No matter how you slice it, Gold is more valuable than Platinum. Gold has a higher demand, lower supply, and lower source abundance. The only reason platinum is above gold is because of a historical accident in the 20th century, just like for a time Aluminum was above gold in the 19th century. It is a fad that will fade with time and Gold will once again be on top.

@DrumFFx

4 жыл бұрын

moose wolf pullin out big facts

@aljoschalong625

4 жыл бұрын

@@ObjectsInMotion Actually gold is not worth very much. It's rather useless. The worth of a thing is not always measurable in money. Goes for jobs too: Take away all the highest paid people, not much happens. Take away all nurses and farmers: good night.

@asmodeusasteroth7137

4 жыл бұрын

Osmium and iridium are difficult to mine But cheaper Rare earth, Lanthanides are difficult to process And Alibaba you can buy kilos of fun stuff

And here I thought the rarest element on earth these days is common sense.

@charlespelagio7532

3 жыл бұрын

underrated comment

@MrGoblin60

3 жыл бұрын

You hit the nail right on the head with that one mate!

@chrisw5150

3 жыл бұрын

You're not wrong

@unnecessary_yapper

3 жыл бұрын

TOILET PAPER MORE NOT RARE Emerald RARE

@jlco

3 жыл бұрын

It's so rare, they couldn't even observe any, so it didn't get on the list.

Iridium tells its own story: Iridium is a very rare element in the Earth's crust, but is found in anomalously high concentrations (around 100 times greater than normal) in a thin worldwide layer of clay marking the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods, 66 million years ago. This boundary is marked by a major extinction event, including that of the dinosaurs along with about 70% of all other species. The clay layer also contains small grains of shocked quartz and, in some places, small weathered glass beads thought to be tektites. Some geologists believe the "Iridium Anomaly" was deposited by a meteorite impact on the Yucatan peninsula a few years back.

@Tugela60

Жыл бұрын

Iridium is not rare on earth, just rare in the crust.

@TheNoiseySpectator

8 ай бұрын

@@Tugela60 I think you are missing the point.

@Tugela60

8 ай бұрын

@TheNoiseySpectator I am not missing the point. A lot of "rare" elements are not all that rare, they are just not accessible or not concentrated by natural processes.

2:05 Trapped miner: **suffocating** Also trapped miner: **takes a rock** *BREEEEEEEEEEEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATHE*

"this process continues to this day and even now the earth loses an estimated 95,000 tons of hydrogen each year just from it leaking into space" i came here to hear about the rarest element on earth and i left with anxiety

@nankerphelge3771

3 жыл бұрын

Hydrogen left with alacrity.

@danksinatra9146

3 жыл бұрын

Let me ease your mind comrade. The earth spews out more gas than it loses to space

@troncoboy9372

3 жыл бұрын

@@danksinatra9146 pog

@squeaky1963

3 жыл бұрын

It's been doing it for the past few billion years. The earth is THICC with air. you won't have to worry about it running out of air. you should worry about the millions of asteroids that can hit earth in the next hundred million years

@Alazariq

3 жыл бұрын

Do you want more anxiety global warming is here climate change is hapening island is sinking

"...only a handfull of astatine atoms..." Well, that is actually quite a lot then :-D

@tywayne5410

3 жыл бұрын

thats what i was thinking too

@kuroarts6139

3 жыл бұрын

Lol, I know you're joking but Ty Wayne is dumb.

@engel7461

3 жыл бұрын

@@kuroarts6139 he might have been joking too

@th1v5

3 жыл бұрын

@@kuroarts6139 Ty is probably joking too

@chickenbawkr7094

3 жыл бұрын

Kuro Arts chill on my man Ty Wayne he could be going through some stuff

Thank you for your Channel update God bless you

I dont know why but I usually come back and watch this video. The guy in the video is so calm and I don't know why but this is one of the most interesting videos I have ever watched on this platform.

“The rarest element on earth”: Good teammates

@rascallygoose4926

5 жыл бұрын

KarmaXD Yup

@DeathlyQuietVA

5 жыл бұрын

Bet

@101Grunt

5 жыл бұрын

LEROOOOY JENNKIINSS

@patrickmcleod111

4 жыл бұрын

Ah, I see you've played World of Tanks and World of Warships, in pub mode(random battles)!

@dragonfang2473

4 жыл бұрын

@@patrickmcleod111 imagine playing wargaming or those war games in general LOL

What’s the most rarest element? Video: Astatine Me: element 115

@xherof4470

4 жыл бұрын

Aaaaaa I see a Man of culture

@ultrabrot603

4 жыл бұрын

Diamonds

@itzfearlesseichner6809

4 жыл бұрын

@@ultrabrot603 your stupid

@dimitris1601

4 жыл бұрын

@@ultrabrot603 only cod players get it

@nordicfalcon

4 жыл бұрын

And now I want to listen to Elena Siegman-115. You ass... I WAS JUST TRYING TO WATCH SOMETHING BEFORE BED 🛌 💤 Now I have to jam out for an hour 😤 The power of Metal is with that song

Francium lodges a complaint for your ignoring it's non-existence.

10:17 Fluorine: Yellow Chlorine: Lime Bromine: Dark Red Iodine: Violet

Great video, but on 0:32 it's not the Kola Superdeep Borehole, but a mine in Mirny, Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

@JCO2002

5 жыл бұрын

Correct. He lifted it from some BS clickbait video I've seen on KZread.

@antimatter_nvf

5 жыл бұрын

@@JCO2002 awh, shame

@JCO2002

5 жыл бұрын

@@antimatter_nvf Yeah, I know. As soon as I saw it, I knew where he'd gotten it, and was tempted to dislike it, and block the channel. I checked the comments, saw yours, and watched the rest. Interesting, cool, but there were a few other factual errors that shouldn't have been there. If he wants to be authoritative for monetization reasons, he should be more careful.

@lsswappedcessna

5 жыл бұрын

Yeah, the Kola borehole is under a foot wide and was capped off in 2006.

@tusk3260

5 жыл бұрын

Worst part is that the Kola Superdeep Borehole is not even close to being the deepest because theres a hole in Russia thats over 17 000 m

The notion that platinum is better than gold comes from alchemy, where alchemists thought platinum was a mixture of silver and gold.

@cosmicbro1973

4 жыл бұрын

TyChaoz Or (more likely) that before the early 2010’s Platinum was always worth more than gold...

@legoshaakti

4 жыл бұрын

That’s pretty funny because mixing gold with silver makes it less valuable

@nanoguy-ob2tb

4 жыл бұрын

was about to comment that...

@311dreamteam5

4 жыл бұрын

The power of science!

@mjh5437

4 жыл бұрын

@@cosmicbro1973 Why isn`t Platinum worth more than Gold anymore,did they find massive reserves of it somewhere?

i like astatine because it’s the greatest element to theorize about as in, “hey, don’t want to go to jail? just synthesize a kilogram of astatine! you won’t have to go to jail if there isn’t a jail anymore!”

i think this is the stuff they found that is the only source of negative matter. but yes, it's so rare and they can only make just tiny bits of it at a time, it's what they'd need a lot of in order to actually make the time travel possible. It takes too much of the stuff to make it happen, and it can only be made, but at little bits at a time

@MichaelClark-uw7ex

Жыл бұрын

Time travel would be a death sentence. Unless you had a space suit but even then you would have no way to get back to the Earth. The Earth is not stationary, it is moving at more than 200 Km/S, so when you time jump, you will materialize in deep space or inside the Earth itself depending on how far in time you jump. And that isn't even considering that time may be an illusion, the past and future only exist in our minds, so there may be nowhere to jump to.

What a coincidence about the astatine thing. I had an entrepreneurship project, and one of the questions was why a business (theoretically or real) could’ve undergone scarcity. So through a bunch of google searches on rarer elements, astatine being a possibility to treat thyroid cancer was the theoretical situation I had chose.

The Rarest Element Is Good Friend That Will Never Left You Behind.

@justar5702

3 жыл бұрын

English ma dude

@truvonne

3 жыл бұрын

@@justar5702 Maybe he doesn’t speak english as a main language

@justar5702

3 жыл бұрын

@@truvonne my bad

@truvonne

3 жыл бұрын

@@justar5702 Agreed.

@ThatGuy-hh3sr

3 жыл бұрын

@@truvonne there's no wrong in learning

7:20 hey, actually the only color in neon signs that ever uses neon is red. the process is done by (recalling my 9th grade science here so possibly wrong) i think heating it, and each element gives off a different color.

@lawrenceiverson1924

2 жыл бұрын

Nope it lights up by having electricity thru it!!!

Congratulations on a million subscribers!

Astatine : HAH I’m better than all of you elements Francium : oh hi

@jillwasalone8823

3 жыл бұрын

Neptunium: you guys know me?

@RealistInIdealists817

3 жыл бұрын

Plutonium: I'm gonna blow u idiots up

@osamabinladen824

3 жыл бұрын

Unobtanium: Am I a joke to you?

@kiameicanon

3 жыл бұрын

Antimatter: 👀 (2700 trillion per gram)

@dingus7792

3 жыл бұрын

Obamium and stalinium:am i joke to you

**Time To Go In Creative Mode And See What It Is**

@moose7561

4 жыл бұрын

It keeps disappearing from my inventory

@engel7461

3 жыл бұрын

@KEVIN FENG damn it was a joke dude

@clvsidy

3 жыл бұрын

Cosmo Squid Tower of hell

@alex2005z

3 жыл бұрын

@KEVIN FENG they do if you install mods.

@nbtlol9958

3 жыл бұрын

@KEVIN FENG r/wooosh bitch

Excellent video!

astatine is just a gigachad. - exists - refuses to elaborate further - leaves

Astatine: i'm the rarest element Element 118:is it a common joke i'm too rare to understand

@forgexmain

4 жыл бұрын

Are you here from Reigarw Comparisons?

@prasanmaharjan157

4 жыл бұрын

Yes I am

@afretty69

3 жыл бұрын

Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element, but element 118 is the rarest man-made element as only a few atoms of 118 were made lasting less than a millisecond. Sorry if I’m late on this but I just thought I’d say.

@prasanmaharjan157

3 жыл бұрын

@@afretty69 ok i didnt know thanks for telling me

Gets to the point at 8:57 -- you're welcome.

@tylerdurden4080

5 жыл бұрын

This needs to be up voted by everyone.

@PikaPetey

5 жыл бұрын

It's because this channel cares more about getting money and adhering to the algorithm than being factual

@George-pp4vr

5 жыл бұрын

@@PikaPetey huh,nice to see ya and i never knew that

@ec329

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you.

@cda32

5 жыл бұрын

Does it really get to the point though? Between all the completely irrelevant stock images not of the things being spoken about I have no idea what point is trying to be made

Me: “When is Half Life 3 coming out” Gabe Newell: 8:36

Thanks for a neon sign info

"a handful of atoms" that's a whole dang lot!!!!

@vurve3406

4 жыл бұрын

Aki Tenebricus yea, a couple quadrillion to be specific

@Unknown-kx9wd

4 жыл бұрын

i was thinking the exact same thing

@computerolegy2336

4 жыл бұрын

@@vurve3406 Way more than a quadrillion buddy

@ElderGod4

4 жыл бұрын

@@computerolegy2336 quadrilion atoms wouldnt even be visible on the head of a pin if zoomed in lol 😂

@computerolegy2336

4 жыл бұрын

@@ElderGod4 Although yes there are way more than that in a handful, your analogy is also incorrect cause the head of pin is i incredibly small and has way less atoms than the palm of your hand can fit lmfao 😂

Some of my friends are like Astatine, unstable

@EvilNecroid

5 жыл бұрын

like my x wife

@brandon-gw7jm

5 жыл бұрын

Some of my friends are like astatine, so rare i cant find them

@Third_Eye_on_the_Sky

4 жыл бұрын

Abbieq11: Sounds like every girl I have ever dated oh wait, must be me!

@therobot1080

4 жыл бұрын

And only last a second

Conspiracy theory: The earth's core is actually 100% unicron's blood

Neon's rarity being comparable to gold and platinum is surprising, but since neon is a gas, a gram of it is a lot more for practical purposes than a gram of precious metal. It takes up a lot more space, and only a very small amount of neon is necessary to make a sign because the pressure has to be very low for the electricity to arc.

We need to name an element felonium, just to show that even the realm of physics has a criminal element.

@alexandracenuse8762

3 жыл бұрын

Chemistry reading this: 😭 Elements are chemistry. What you do with them might pass into physics' territory, but it's mostly chemistry

@nowthatsjustducky

3 жыл бұрын

@@alexandracenuse8762 Truthfully, the only reasons I use physics for this instead of chemistry are: 1 - the punchline flows better, and 2 - It was physics class in the 8th grade where I first learned the Periodic table.

@captainphoenix

2 жыл бұрын

I don't buy it. Sounds like a bunch of bolonium.

@firstlast-fr1le

2 жыл бұрын

Physics is fine how you used it. The other guys is a bit off. Chemistry is physics. Atoms are physics. elements are physics. Everything from the smallest to the entire universe is physics.

@litchqueenasenath5995

2 жыл бұрын

@@nowthatsjustducky I've said it before, I'll say it again, we need new heavy metals to be named after Metal Bands and Artists.

The rarest element on this planet is whatever I can barely scratch out of my wallet😱

@TheOhioRizzzler

4 жыл бұрын

Why the fuck are you so triggered jeez the guy just tryed to make a funny comment.

@mrsahilmc7768

4 жыл бұрын

@Chris aka Schulbus wtf broh calm down lol

@chrisakaschulbus4903

4 жыл бұрын

@@mrsahilmc7768 was i ever not calmed down?

@Karma-xv2ee

4 жыл бұрын

@@chrisakaschulbus4903 naw dude that was really toxic but its the internet sooo

@memeryeemer4893

4 жыл бұрын

Chris aka Schulbus that comment sums up the community of 2b2t

I mean, there’s still a lot of hydrogen on Earth. It’s just, you know, in the ocean

@maythesciencebewithyou

2 жыл бұрын

That is taken into account in those numbers

@paulbedichek2679

2 жыл бұрын

The water isn't deep.

All newer houses in my area were built with radon mitigation in the dirt under the house and in the attic. The fan in the attic draws the air under the house out the roof. The HVAC draws out side air to make the house have positive pressure combined with the negative pressure under the house keeps radon gases from the inhabitants. A 5 year old boy about 40 years ago got cancer from radon gas in the home, prompting building codes to change.

@SilntObsvr

10 ай бұрын

The scary things about radon: it's enough heavier than air to pool in a basement; while quite rare, it's continuously renewed by radioactive decay of thorium and uranium; and though chemically almost inert (it's a noble gas) it's a very strong carcinogen because it's a beta emitter with a fairly short half life (= high radiation level relative to mass). Beta emitters are the safest radioactives to be around (beta doesn't penetrate much), but the worst to get inside you because the beta particles emitted inside your body damage cell DNA (that's how inhaled or ingested radioactives cause cancer). Living in a house in a radon zone that has a basement and lacks radon mitigation is a higher lung cancer risk than smoking a pack a day of "red" cigarettes. And the radon zones in the US include most of the eastern side of the Appalachians -- states of Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania -- generally heavily populated regions.

@TheNoiseySpectator

8 ай бұрын

@@SilntObsvr Well now hold on; if something behaves in a predictable way, it doesn't have to be so scary. What about building a "Sub basement" or holding area below the main basement of the house? Such a trap could not only collect radon, but also CO2. In fact, if you had circulatory fans running the gas back up through ventilation fans under the driveway, it might make shoveling it in the winter just a bit easier.

@SilntObsvr

8 ай бұрын

@@TheNoiseySpectator A "sump" isn't a bad thing -- it's a great place to put an exhaust fan to push the radon outside so folks inside the house aren't exposed to it. Collecting it without removal is probably a bad idea -- when the sump is full, the main basement will still get it. Not to mention a room filled with CO2 and radon would be a suffocation trap...

@For_What_It-s_Worth

2 ай бұрын

@@SilntObsvr Oops, that was intended for the Noisy Spectator. Sent without double checking.

Gold: I'm soo rare and valuable! Astatine: Hold my beer

@MABfan11

5 жыл бұрын

Anti-Matter: Hold my beer

@alanlee1355

5 жыл бұрын

Me: where's my beer?

@aidanforcetwo3592

5 жыл бұрын

@@MABfan11 Lol

@Dragrath1

5 жыл бұрын

@@MABfan11 would have decayed before it could drink it lol :P

@bayboss510Nugguh

5 жыл бұрын

Darwin's theory: go grab me a beer.

Nice phrase. "A handful of atoms" Thats a buttload of atoms!

@russellzeeryp9067

5 жыл бұрын

And a buttload is an even greater measurement.... Lol

@Unknown-kx9wd

4 жыл бұрын

i was thinking the exact same thing

Awesome video! Astatine as actually such an interesting element. :D

2:43 "There was a point right after the big bang, where there was nothing in the universe except for hydrogen." Small correction, from the CERN website: "It took 380,000 years for electrons to be trapped in orbits around nuclei, forming the first atoms. These were mainly helium and hydrogen"

The longest-lived naturally occurring isotope of astatine is astatine-219, with a half-life of just 56 seconds. This is why it is sometimes considered the rarest element. Astatine 209-211 have half lives measured in hours, but these are completely synthetic. They also produce astatine-210 in alpha particle bombardments of bsmuth-209, but astatine-210 mainly decays into polonium-210, which is extremely dangerous. Therefore, they try to avoid producing large amounts of astatine-210.

"brother may I have just a little Neptunium?" "Nahh..." 10:45

Atlas: Here are the rarest elements on Earth Oganesson: Hi

Finally found a good video to watch at 1am

I tried selling my Astatine to Constantine but he wasn't having any of it.

@samning4141

5 жыл бұрын

Lmao

@julianhaddad7785

5 жыл бұрын

jason bowman wtf HOW DID’YA GET THAT?!

@swampy1234

5 жыл бұрын

I Do get it :(

@lyrimetacurl0

5 жыл бұрын

Funny how most people think something creative must have come from someone else... at some point, someone created it!

@epasko5713

4 жыл бұрын

Like a bad drug deal...He never shorted me before, Yes, I weighed it, no I did not stomp on it, these baggies weigh more than the ones I usually use, yea, bag must have a hole in it, I tried some to make be sure it was real, I swear, it Was in there, Dog ate the rest my stash, had to follow him around for week Man, Your electron microscope needs recalibrated dude...

The rarest element in the world is Kindnessium

@zerozone5848

5 жыл бұрын

Wow... Really smart, this is so underrated. Hope its not a stolen ne

@vodkawhisperer3923

5 жыл бұрын

Ironicist alright then

@mikenotta7079

5 жыл бұрын

I'd argue that intelligence is the rarest element in the universe! Bunch of asleep morons parroting psuedo-science that they don't understand.

@ghoulbuster1

5 жыл бұрын

redditors rise up

@a.p3877

5 жыл бұрын

@@norgepalm7315 racist...

Astatine is already lucky to just be able to exist at all on Earth. Almost all of the heavier elements are COMPLETELY unavailable to find in Earth's crust for its whole history because they're either too heavy to form naturally, or decay way too quickly (many have half lives of less than a second) to have any meaningful stay on Earth. This is why most of the heavier elements needed to by synthesized.

I love your videos

The uranium part, being used in nuclear power plants, and more commonly than tin, is not completely right, because you mostly need a relatively rare isotope (U-235) of it. By far not all uranium is usable (directly) as power plant fuel.

@samlabo1688

5 жыл бұрын

No 235 has to be collected and in F6U gas Then concentrated to level useful for fuel.

@gabrieldehyrule

4 жыл бұрын

You mine regular uranium samples with less than a 1% of Uranium 235. Then you enrich them to obtain a sample with about a 4% of Uranium-235. Anyway, you are still using common uranium samples. Nuclear reactors don't use pure U235, not even nuclear weapons use pure U235

@anonymousbloke1

4 жыл бұрын

I've heard that uranium isn't actually all that common in AESs, but rather polonium (or palladium?) are used in its place

@dale116dot7

2 жыл бұрын

@@gabrieldehyrule Some reactors can use natural uranium, Hanford B ran on it, and CANDU can run on it as well. Nuclear weapons need to be at least 20% enriched but a weapon made with only 20% would be very heavy. Enrichment to somewhere over 40 or 50% is enough for a weapon, 80-90% makes it a bit lighter.

Came for the rarest elements, presented with most common elements.

@lillyanneserrelio2187

4 жыл бұрын

8:58

@eugenecbell

3 жыл бұрын

Keep watching he had to give the viewer context.

@fxexpert4541

3 жыл бұрын

@@eugenecbell those shit sucks

@Projectmusick

3 жыл бұрын

@@fxexpert4541 You probably think you cute or funny. But nope.

@fxexpert4541

3 жыл бұрын

@@Projectmusick nope. Try again

😮I’m shocked so cool I’m also learning about periodic elements.

The platinum vs gold thing is a combination of its relatively recent discovery as a viable material outside base research, and the cachet of that recent rarity/cost of production.