The Rape of Eve: Three Early Christian Retellings of Genesis | Dr. Celene Lillie

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Sex, violence, power, and redemption. In recent decades, scholars of New Testament and early Christian traditions have given new attention to the relationships between gender and imperial power in the Roman world. In this surprising work, Celene Lillie examines core passages from three texts from Nag Hammadi, On the Origin of the World, The Reality of the Rulers, and the Secret Revelation of John, in which Eve is portrayed as having been humiliated by the cosmic powers, yet experiencing restoration. Lillie compares that pattern with Gnostic savior motifs concerning Jesus and Seth, then sets it in the broader context of Roman cosmogonic myths at play in imperial ideology. The Nag Hammadi texts, she argues, offer us a window into symbolic forms of Christian resistance to imperial ideology. This groundbreaking study highlights the importance of the Nag Hammadi writings for our fuller appreciation of the currents of Christian response to the Roman Empire and the culture of rape pervasive within it.
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Пікірлер: 65

  • @History-Valley
    @History-Valley2 ай бұрын

    Get her book! ➡📚amzn.to/4ajcklZ

  • @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    2 ай бұрын

    No.

  • @lianamscott8825

    @lianamscott8825

    28 күн бұрын

    Do you know if there is an audiobook?

  • @clifb.3521

    @clifb.3521

    19 күн бұрын

    YES

  • @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    19 күн бұрын

    @@clifb.3521 No. Don't support agendas and ideologies masquerading as scholarship.

  • @clifb.3521

    @clifb.3521

    18 күн бұрын

    @@danieljliverslxxxix1164 ​​⁠ it would also be good to avoid dogma and ideologies masquerading as religious values 🌲 Lord knows there’s only one way to look at a thing, you know univocally & all

  • @user-jk8ur7sj3t
    @user-jk8ur7sj3t2 ай бұрын

    Why does no one talks about the rape of Hagar. A young female slave that is small enough to be beaten by Sara and overwhelmed by Abraham an old man. And why is Abraham considered righteous. Even as a child I thought that was 🤢

  • @jonathanhorton4607

    @jonathanhorton4607

    Ай бұрын

    ABRAM was an Enlil worshipper. From Mesopotamia

  • @Bucephalus84

    @Bucephalus84

    Ай бұрын

    Abraham never raped her. It was agreed on. Hagar was a slave and was negotiating her bloodline out of slavery( personal theory).

  • @tannerjack9520

    @tannerjack9520

    26 күн бұрын

    God credited Abraham as righteous when he believed and for believing (Genesis 15:6). It was faith in God, not his own works, which allowed Abraham to be justified before God.

  • @user-jk8ur7sj3t

    @user-jk8ur7sj3t

    26 күн бұрын

    He was a d..k and a r...t but he believed in God so it was okay? Thank goodness he never existed ( his name means father so convenient).

  • @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    19 күн бұрын

    ​@@user-jk8ur7sj3tIf he never existed then why do you care?

  • @26beegee
    @26beegee2 ай бұрын

    This topic really hits home for me. Having listened to a very dear loved one due to rape. When she talked about victim blaming and being better off dead I know every rape survivor has been forced to deal with those feelings. Some overcome it, so do not. In this world it is a curse to be born a female. In thousands of years that has never changed, probably never will.

  • @Bucephalus84

    @Bucephalus84

    Ай бұрын

    Try being a low value male. Historically most men never got a chance to reproduce, dying due to famine and war. Only the most successful men got to reproduce. I think what you mean to imply is that life has always been hard for people.

  • @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    19 күн бұрын

    And then be told they have privilege because of the patriarchy.

  • @jamiegallier2106
    @jamiegallier21062 ай бұрын

    Excellent discussion!

  • @souko7460
    @souko74602 ай бұрын

    interesting analysis!

  • @rcar9115
    @rcar91152 ай бұрын

    I've wondered if the story was a bit different because of the notion of taking a rib and creating another. Women's figures make it appear that they are missing a rib in that they are not straight up and down. This too, is a perplexing thought. Perhaps it was the other way around with Adam coming from Eve ...

  • @warrensmith8161

    @warrensmith8161

    2 ай бұрын

    The Hebrew word that is translated as "rib" is "tsela", while the Hebrew word "tsel" means "shadow". Let's pretend Genesis really is allegory and that words can be "disguised" by altering spelling. (See Plato's Cratylus regarding how "names" can be "disguised" by altering spelling, syllables, or using different words with the same meaning.) Remember how Moses supposedly had a speech impediment? What if "Eve" was created to represent a "shadow" of Adam? The name "Adam" actually means "to be red" and "red" is also the color that the makers of The Matrix movie associated with reality. Is this "coincidence" or Kabbalah? If "Eve" is actually the "shadow" of reality, then the story of Adam and Eve begins to suggest a situation related to Plato's Allegory of the Cave.

  • @rcar9115

    @rcar9115

    2 ай бұрын

    @@warrensmith8161 I like you. This is a very thought provoking comment. I think that a content creator some time ago did a video that suggested much of what you said here. I don't think that she is still making videos but, I think she still has some up. The channel was 9nania.

  • @warrensmith8161

    @warrensmith8161

    2 ай бұрын

    @@rcar9115 I looked at channel 9nania and while she did attempt to interpret things allegorically, she seemed to do a lot of guessing as to what was really meant along with apparently still clinging to the notion that something supernatural is involved. I totally reject any literal supernatural force and view all mention of such things as simply metaphors for some real world idea. I also make a serious effort to identify hidden meanings by putting admissions by various writers into a context that allows all the pieces to fit together in a coherent manner. For example, many know about Plato's Allegory of the Cave and wonder about what it really describes, but they fail to make the connection to Plato's description of those identified as "Sophists" in his Protagoras dialogue: “Now the art of the Sophist is, as I believe, of great antiquity; but in ancient times those who practiced it, fearing this odium, veiled and disguised themselves under various names, some under that of poets, as Homer, Hesiod, and Simonides, some, of hierophants and prophets, as Orpheus and Musaeus, and some, as I observe, even under the name of gymnastic‐ masters, like Iccus of Tarentum, or the more recently celebrated Herodicus, now of Selymbria and formerly of Megara, who is a first‐rate Sophist. Your own Agathocles pretended to be a musician, but was really an eminent Sophist; also Pythocleides the Cean; and there were many others; and all of them, as I was saying, adopted these arts as veils or disguises because they were afraid of the odium which they would incur.” This description is clearly suggesting that the Sophists were conmen who would employ various allegoric covers to hide their true nature and the mention of Homer, Hesiod and Orpheus clearly indicates how wide spread their influence was. (When esoterics refer to Plato's "Unwritten Doctrines" they are referring connections such as this.) In Plato's Theaetetus, the Sophist Protagoras is even described this way: “In the name of the Graces, what an almighty wise man Protagoras must have been! He spoke these things in a parable to the common herd, like you and me, but told the truth, his Truth, in secret to his own disciples.” And this description is deliberately alluded to in the Gospel of Mark 4:32-33: "With many similar parables Jesus spoke the word to them, as much as they could understand. He did not say anything to them without using a parable. But when he was alone with his own disciples, he explained everything." Since Christianity began during a period known as the Second Sophistic, a connection should appear obvious, but because people seem unable to take their eyes off the shadows, they see something very different. Connecting Christ to the Sophists also helps to explain the nature of the "Messianic Secret" theme present in the Gospel of Mark. Another piece of this vast puzzle is found by the fact that many etymologies of the word "grail" include the Latin word "cratalis" which is incredibly similar to the name "Cratylus" and since Plato's Cratylus appears to be a primer on discovering the hidden meaning of words, a "grail" must also represent a key to this allegoric code.

  • @riley02192012
    @riley021920122 ай бұрын

    These type of discussions are triggering for me, so I cannot listen to them. But thank you for acknowledging what too many women have been subjected to. Even today, women still fight to be seen as equals who have the right to make decisions about their own bodies and their own lives. ❤

  • @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    2 ай бұрын

    You're not equal because you don't face anywhere near the hardship and sorrow average men do.

  • @wesb8159

    @wesb8159

    2 ай бұрын

    Surely you are not serious!

  • @curiositycloset2359

    @curiositycloset2359

    2 ай бұрын

    I think this is an elaborate joke.

  • @Bucephalus84

    @Bucephalus84

    Ай бұрын

    ​@@curiositycloset2359you would think so. It isn't. Historically men have had it worse, just in different ways. The grass is always greener on the other side.

  • @rylands4289
    @rylands4289Ай бұрын

    27:09 this conversation with Dr Celene is important even if Eve was not raped. Bc it is always the perpetrator who 'takes the woman' and writes it into history. Who's not to say the perpetrator did not romanticise the narrative to be seen by future generations as the triumphant hero and become the ideal. This conversation is attempting a 'rape' reading to an important story bc there were several rape narrative stories around the same time range Idk comment for algorithm ig

  • @oldbiker9739
    @oldbiker97392 ай бұрын

    having sex is not a sin , they were told to be fruitful and multiply .

  • @IPretendtobeMe

    @IPretendtobeMe

    2 ай бұрын

    Exactly.

  • @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    @danieljliverslxxxix1164

    2 ай бұрын

    Feminist: "What do you mean I can't have sex with Chad and Tyrone? I have to accept my looksmatch as an equal? Oppression! Patriarchy!" That is this bs boils down to. They hate men.

  • @Darisiabgal7573

    @Darisiabgal7573

    2 ай бұрын

    They are told when the population was low to be fruitful and multiply. When the population got high they were sacrificing their children. I have no sin. Sin is the idea of missing “the mark” pious goals. I do not have a society with such goals, and I am not pious. I study piety from all the cultures of the ANE, in some cultures I can have public sex with a priestess, or I can get drunk and dance naked on the nape of a temple, or I can kill the midianite women, children, babies, virgins, and livestock to the very last one. These are all pious things that I can do . . . .is that pious? Tell me, yes or no? Read your text. Is killing pregnant women being fruitful and multiplying? Ok, so you live in an overpopulated world with people already starving and CO2 levels are rising uncontrollably. Is it really intelligent to bring a whole bunch of children into the world if it seems unlikely the world will be able to support full healthy lives. Not to mention, children are very expensive to raise. Let me tell you about the law and raising kids. If a man and woman had a child, the first born, and they did not have money they were to sacrifice the child. Ezekiel 20:26. But if they had a good relationship with the temple, the temple could raise the child (likely the route of Shamgar of Anath, also Samuel). But if they had enough money they could pay the priesthood and make another type of sacrifice. If a man was unable to find a suitable man for his daughter, he could take his daughter to the temple, the temple would auction the woman to the highest bidder. If the winner found the woman pleasing, he could purchase her, and if not she remained at the temple as a prostitute. In some cults the woman was placed in the court of the temple and was abligated to have sex with the first man who requested it. During the first temple period and the confederation period that preceded this was the way things worked. Do you really want to live in accord of the old laws.

  • @26beegee

    @26beegee

    2 ай бұрын

    But sex is a weapon of war, domination, control and punishment. To be a female in this workday is the ultimate curse. Yet, mankind would cease to be without us! Damned if we do, damned if we don’t. There can’t possibly be a god.

  • @miscalotastuff733

    @miscalotastuff733

    2 ай бұрын

    It is sinful. You are to have sex only for the production of children. It isn't for pleasure.

  • @josephturner7569
    @josephturner75692 ай бұрын

    The Garden of Eden story is a badly repeated metaphor of the Eleusinian Mystery Ritual.

  • @jonathanhorton4607
    @jonathanhorton4607Ай бұрын

    Yes thats exactly what John was saying...The same thing happens in Anunnaki stories, which are much older...Maybe they were telling a real story, as much as I know you guys hate that idea..Im more apt to believe Sethian and Christian, Gnosticism beliefs as they most resemble most creation stories

  • @jonathanhorton4607

    @jonathanhorton4607

    Ай бұрын

    Is she defending Yaldabaoth..?

  • @FelixFortunaRex
    @FelixFortunaRex2 ай бұрын

    Odd thought about Roman foundation story about women. Seems like a story that happened to them but later turned to that would never happen to us cause we are Rome. So we did it to them. If my thought true then the women and men that lived after the incident would do everything possible to make sure it don’t happen again so let’s make a society that conquers all. Human psychology is very odd way of rationalizing the past. Just a thought.

  • @LynxSouth
    @LynxSouth2 ай бұрын

    Is she saying that the primary reason for these retellings was to create social and political resistance to Roman culture?

  • @tubemaven1983
    @tubemaven19832 ай бұрын

    Professor Shaye Cohen from Harvard appropriately calls many modern Bible scholars conspiracy theorists. This episode is a great example. To be relevant they just make things up by going more extreme. Let’s just assume every woman in the Bible was raped. I could get an article out of that.

  • @MrRebel165

    @MrRebel165

    2 ай бұрын

    My opinion, if you look at Enoch 69, they mention Gadreel as the Angel who tricked Eve to eat from the tree of knowledge. But the Angel who lays with the human woman gets mentioned as well, this would be the first rebellion and these angels are let loose back on earth, the pact of the 200 with Samyaza and Azazel and the watchers. They are all accused of the same sin of procreating with the daughters of man.

  • @ji8044

    @ji8044

    2 ай бұрын

    I don't know why you need a conspiracy to simply read the texts. The Old Testament in particular is probably the most extreme book (or set of books) ever written. In no other cultural foundation story does the god wipe out not only all the humans but all the animals on earth (saving for those on the Ark). What could be more 'extreme" than coming down the mountain after having just received the commandments including "you shall not murder" and then ordering the Levites to murder 5,000 of their friends and family?

  • @tubemaven1983

    @tubemaven1983

    2 ай бұрын

    @@ji8044 this was completely not responsive to my point. The conspiracy theory quip that I borrowed from world renown scholar Cohen has to do with the topic at hand. That Eve was raped. It raw speculation done because low tier scholars try to be extreme and make up things in order to have something to say and be relevant. It’s not really scholarship at all.

  • @CliftonHicksbanjo

    @CliftonHicksbanjo

    2 ай бұрын

    @@ji8044 It's almost like YHVH is actually Satan. 🤔

  • @Darisiabgal7573

    @Darisiabgal7573

    2 ай бұрын

    Exodus 2. “A man of the tribe of Levi took a daughter of Levi” Took = “Laqach” only in Late Hebrew does it also mean as wife. If we recall Moses is supposed to be telling the story. If Moses is supposed to be telling the story, it’s obvious he is not, then he is saying his father took his mother. There is no other possible interpretation. What you are left with is determining if there was a negotiation going on behind the scene. Did his father introduce himself, commit to taking care of her and her children? We don’t know this because he is never introduced in the story. But we assume that she had two children by the same father. As scholars we can negotiate with meaning in the context of authors who wrote the text, this text was assembled from parts around the 4th or 5th century BCE. It was likely a fleshing out of Deuteronomy with addition source text by a priestly/redactor figure (you can see his hand in Exodus 6). So the phraseology of took does not seem to bother this priestly scribe that much, otherwise he would have added more context. There are more direct source texts, Judges, Samuel, and Kings that come from the Deuteronomistic period around 7th century. The text I like to use is Judges because, although veiled, it has elements of Canaanite culture in it. In one of the chapters Jepthat makes an oath for victory, a sacrifice, his daughter walks out of the doorway, and she is to be sacrificed. There is a large Jewish apologetic about this. It is what it is. The women sing a song to her loss of right to lose virginity. In another chapter a Levite from Ephraim has a concubine who detests her owner, so she runs back to her father. The Levite chases her and convinces her father to let him take her back. On the way back the two spend the night in the town. In order to spare himself he throws the woman to the men and they assault her and kill her. He desecrates the body by sending it chopped into twelve pieces to the other eleven tribes. The eleven tribes react by killing all the men in the tribe, they then send men from other tribes (likely mostly Yehudite) to live and take the women of that tribe. Ok, so we have a snapshot of the way life is during the early iron-age Israel. Lots of violence upon women, lots of acts committed without their consent. The book of Ruth, literature, has a woman seducing a man. In Genesis, we see Jacob’s Uncle conspiring to give him a daughter that he did not bargain for, with these two daughters he gets 2 slaves. Abraham pimps his wife out as a whore twice, Issac does it once. In Kings, David’s son rapes his step-sister Tamar. David himself takes his generals wife and coerces her to have sex, after which he kills her husband. Again David’s and his assumed wife Bathsheba become the lineage god grants favor to, from which the messiah will come. Read the entire story of David, is he worthy to be the seed of the kingdom of heaven, read carefully the text. Don’t create apologetics, just read the Hebrew. We have the kingdom of Judah, David its seed. Where does the literary Judah come from, Genesis chapter 38. Judah takes a Canaanite woman, she has for him tree sons. He buys Tamar for his oldest, but he is bad, so god kills him, then she is given to the second son, but he does not like her, so he spills his seed, and god kills him. Finally the woman is forced to wait for a child, but as an adult the young man fears Tamar. So Tamar dresses up as a temple prostitute. Judah sees the woman standing on the road to the temple and has sex with her, oblivious to her identity (talk about objectification). She later confronts him with his misdeeds. Yet he refuses to take her as his wife. None the less she becomes the seed of Judah. These are things the Bible’s says, these are not scholarly interpretations. It’s the Jewish and Christian scholars who are doing the interpretation.

  • @clydewaldo3144
    @clydewaldo31442 ай бұрын

    Adding your interpretations to scriptures which is not supported by scripture is just a way of leading you away from the truth

  • @user-bg8cw8sp7w

    @user-bg8cw8sp7w

    2 ай бұрын

    "Scripture" is largely bullcrap

  • @baarbacoa

    @baarbacoa

    2 ай бұрын

    They are talking scripture. It's scripture from before various material was arbitrarily excluded from Scripture

  • @jonathanhorton4607

    @jonathanhorton4607

    Ай бұрын

    No...not correct

  • @user-ww2lg6nh7z
    @user-ww2lg6nh7z2 ай бұрын

    That's a mistaught doctrine to b fruitful n multiple with one that is ur kingdom ordained spouse that's written to b married under God with God thru Christ not sleeping around know the true truth n God n his words not ur opinions

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