Check out www.kiwico.com/Numberphile and get 50% off your first month of any subscription. Previous video with Matt (Chaotic Balls): kzread.info/dash/bejne/aK5o07ShoKWvqaQ.html

@scurvydog20

2 жыл бұрын

You could make this simulate lightning more accurately by giving the grid squares different weights to represent conductivity.

@jitgtij

2 жыл бұрын

If you know both gates and approach from both sides, that will have even faster convergence.

@Typical.Anomaly

2 жыл бұрын

Have you guys ever heard of a game called "Plinko" on the US game show "The Price Is Right"? If so then you should know why I mentioned it lolol (Always remember to have your pets spayed or neutered!) 😁

@picobyte

2 жыл бұрын

Real lightning an actually branch out both at ground level and the clouds as main channel sets up, cascades of charge want to flow there, it's like kicking a huge bucket of charged capacitors resistors and coils.

@alanthesuperhero

2 жыл бұрын

Why did you put an amogus in the thumbnail???

Back in the day when we needed screen savers, this would've been really nice.

@bretscofield

2 жыл бұрын

My thought was this would be a great like Windows 95 or Windows 98 screensaver.

@Pulsar77

2 жыл бұрын

@@bretscofield Yep, brings back memories.

@exod4

2 жыл бұрын

Screen savers are gonna make a come back with oled monitors

@xxgn

2 жыл бұрын

As-is I don't think this would be a suitable screen-saver. This would risk burning in the walls since they're both high intensity and positioned inconsistently. Also, the middle of the monitor is exercised more than the left and right edges. Mind you, it wouldn't be hard to tweak this to remove those issues.

@feandil666

2 жыл бұрын

the CPU would have been at 20% all the time trying to do the calculation in a reasonable time :)

Just watching numberphile not to miss out on the cat and dog cameos

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721

2 жыл бұрын

The channel is made to feature mathematicians, but we know who the real special guests are.

this looks like it should be in a science museum somewhere in high detail on a huge wall, accompanied by huge flashes. i’d pay to see that

@gamen8209

2 жыл бұрын

Make it!! And put it in a modern art Museum instead 🤩

@mayabartolabac

2 жыл бұрын

@@gamen8209 as much as i want to, those snobs will never appreciate art that actually took effort

@t.c.bramblett617

2 жыл бұрын

I'd like it to be a screensaver!

@kingk2405

2 жыл бұрын

Or in my shower .

@SlampthChompth

2 жыл бұрын

Dude that's genius. Have a continuous cycle of randomly generated mazes, and just have them keep going like that, and make it look even more like lightning. Just like a digital portrait on the wall that keeps going, producing lightning. And the occasional null ones would just amount to a few seconds of no lightning. Which would also emulate the incontinence of real world lightning strikes. Should also randomize the time between rolls. Dude build this I'll buy one.

"This was done in Mathematica" - I was half-expecting the code to be something like PlotLightning2D[100, 100] given how extensive Mathematica's libraries are :)

@PhilBoswell

2 жыл бұрын

Give it a bit and it might well be ;-) Is there an open-source equivalent to Mathematica? I feel like there should be, and this should be part of it.

@cybisz2883

2 жыл бұрын

@@PhilBoswell GNU Octave is the closest thing I know of.

@timseguine2

2 жыл бұрын

@@PhilBoswell Sage is kind of like Mathematica. GNU Octave that was suggested is more like MATLAB.

@combatcorgiofficial

2 жыл бұрын

Who cares? Mathematica is disgusting lol

@gcewing

2 жыл бұрын

There's probably a command for it in Emacs.

Animations of search algorithms are always so fun to watch

@pvic6959

2 жыл бұрын

I agree!!

@GRAYgauss

2 жыл бұрын

thats why i like doing acid

@trinidad17

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah and the hard part here is actually making the animation.

@poppop-oj6by

2 жыл бұрын

I like animations of sorting algorithms even more

the effect of different values for p and q would have been interesting. Higher q values in particular might lead to more twisted paths, detours (going back up for some time) etc.

@alpardal

2 жыл бұрын

He did mention he uses different values for p and q to make it so vertical paths are more likely than horizontal ones

@MrDoctorDen

2 жыл бұрын

Should p+q = 1 tho?

@faelyn5770

2 жыл бұрын

@@MrDoctorDen No not at all, p and q are probability for two different things that are not really connected. p+q only needs to be one if p and q are probabilities for opposite events.

@MrRyanroberson1

2 жыл бұрын

Though you don't want the probability too high in total, so maybe p+q=1 is a nice constraint in the first place

@gcewing

2 жыл бұрын

An interesting challenge would be to find the probablity of the maze being unsolvable for a given p and q.

I'd love to see a version with hexagon-tiling.

@R_V_

2 жыл бұрын

Or 3D space tiling.

@BooyahL

2 жыл бұрын

He showed the code (maybe on his Twitter he even shared it!) so you can try it yourself :)

@LittleKitBirkl

2 жыл бұрын

You could try looking for A* pathfinding in hexagonal space. You might have some luck there. In essence (or rather in code) a hex grid is a square grid where every second row is offset by 1/2 (I think) and you have to then treat 6 cells as neighbours instead of just 2.

@damien4197

2 жыл бұрын

Well, they are the bestagons, after all.

@FINALLYQQQQAVAILABLE

2 жыл бұрын

@@LittleKitBirkl The same A* search algorithm works on any graph. Rectangular, hexagonal, 3D, whatever. A skilled programmer would write the search algorithm once and then just apply it for different kind of graphs.

Perhaps a “tie” in the real world leads to forked lightning

@OriginalPiMan

2 жыл бұрын

Kinda. Because of how electrical resistance works, the energy will mostly travel on the shortest path (or rather, the path of least resistance), including splitting equally between equal paths, but energy will also follow less efficient paths albeit a lower magnitude of energy. In the end, the energy will follow every path to some degree, as long as the resistance is not too great such that the travel is impossible. (Or at least, that's what I remember from science classes and electronics classes years ago).

@RFC-3514

2 жыл бұрын

Doesn't have to be a tie; lightning isn't binary like in these animations (i.e., it doesn't follow a single path), some of it discharges into the air itself, and a lot of "side paths" never actually light up (there is always a lot of forking, most of it is just hard to see).

@OriginalPiMan

2 жыл бұрын

@@RFC-3514 Yeah, and even when two forks visibly hit something, there will usually be one brighter one and one dimmer one.

@CallousCoder

2 жыл бұрын

That’s true, electricity takes the path of least resistance. So when two paths are equal, the same amount of current goes left and right. If a path is more resistant, less current can- and will move through that path. When there’s no way to ground, there will be no current going that way.

@EebstertheGreat

2 жыл бұрын

Also, just in general, the physics of lightning are not very similar to the mathematics of maze solving by breadth-first search. This algorithm is really a demonstration of a breadth-first search, not of lightning, but it looks a bit like lightning so that makes for a catchy name. Lightning strikes are much more complicated and involve the formation of "leaders" connecting adjacent regions of different charge. For instance, a more negatively charged part of the cloud adjacent to a more positively charged part can form a leader between them, equalizing the charge. If the charge is still not equalized, these leaders can continue to spread, and to branch, repeatedly equalizing charges of adjacent areas. If the leader escapes the cloud and there is still a large charge separation, it can travel between the cloud and the ground. Usually, the leader comes down from the cloud and up from the ground at the same time. In some conditions, it can also form between the two in the lower troposphere. Once a connection is made between the ground and the cloud, air is so ionized that an extremely low-resistance channel is created, and a huge current is produced, which heats the air into a glowing plasma that looks like lightning. So it's a lot more chaotic than a breadth-first search, and it isn't just going from one end to the other. Lightning that strikes the ground is not branched (though branched lightning can get relatively close to the ground, so this isn't always obvious visibly). Typically, once the downward and upward streamers attach, a single connection is made and that's where you see the bolt. There are usually several flashes in close proximity (a couple tenths of a second), as the same ionized channel is used again and again to discharge different parts of the cloud. Until the ionized channel disperses, it will always be by far the lowest resistance path to the ground, and the current will follow it almost exclusively.

I can only assume CGP is somewhere screaming: "make them hexagons, not squares!"

@spv420

2 жыл бұрын

CGP*

@HoSza1

2 жыл бұрын

what is a cgp?

@leadnitrate2194

2 жыл бұрын

@@HoSza1youtuber cgp grey, he's a big fan of hexagons

@spv420

2 жыл бұрын

@@HoSza1 cgp grey

@penny3577

2 жыл бұрын

@@spv420 yep...thank you, didn't realise I spelt it wrong lol

I'm a chemist and this is fairly accurate actually. The electrical charge has to pick the oxygen molecules with the proper alignment of their double bonds (pi orbital) to create ozone and still reach the ground ASAP

@ebrelus7687

2 жыл бұрын

Quite educative comment for a komunist! Well done! Like communisation of the most individuals by fear while murdering as many on road as possible in shortest time!

@ImaginaryMdA

2 жыл бұрын

@@ebrelus7687 Have fun with your capitalist "healthcare". ;)

@RFC-3514

2 жыл бұрын

It's not _accurate_ at all. Real lightning forms a lot of forked paths, and starts discharging through all of them, at varying rates. The drop in resistance eventually causes one path (sometimes with some visible forking) to heat up, become dominant, and form plasma, but these animations aren't even trying to simulate that. Also, there are no hard barriers forming a predefined path in the air; the formation of the lightning strike itself rearranges the "maze" dynamically. It's a nice-looking approximation that gets across the point of "path of least resistance", but it doesn't even attempt to simulate the real-world mechanisms involved in lightning strikes, let alone do it accurately.

@idkman-rr3bm

2 жыл бұрын

Spoken like a true chemist..ry student.

@Frosty-oj6hw

2 жыл бұрын

It is actually surprisingly accurate in a few ways. Lightning doesn't just strike immediately, it has Leaders which kind of explore the environment much the same way as the code checking for the fastest route, many of them fork through the air finding a path from one pocket of charged ions to another (normally cloud to ground). The leader which connects a path first is where the full discharge actually travels. With one minor difference, when leaders get near pockets of opposite charges on the ground it causes leaders of opposite charge to actually leave the ground and travel up, where they eventually connect forming the whole path, and the full discharge happens along that path.

To improve this algorithm (generating random map), instead of generating randomly a new map in case it is not solvable, you can just add holes, level by level, randomly. It will then end solvable in a deterministic way instead of crossing finger to avoid that bad luck appears continuously. And we can notice that a randomly generated map with random holes added is still a random map !

there is an algorithm to generate solvable mazes. you add random length lines one by one vertically and horizontally, but they can connect to other lines only at one point. so basically there are no blocking lines but the way around them can be long.

@lonestarr1490

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. But in such a maze a breadth-first search wouldn't look that interesting, I suppose.

This looks amazing! Such simple ideas but the combination of them together is absolutely brilliant!

They could have called this the "Following the Droplet Down the Car Window as a Child" Algorithm, but I guess it doesn't have the same ring to it.

@realitant

2 жыл бұрын

The droplet doesn't go up though

@david203

2 жыл бұрын

@@realitant It can if the car or the surrounding air is moving! Usually, all of the droplets move in a common path modified by an interesting randomness.

@heisenberg_fisher2890

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for reminding me of this. I had forgotten how much I enjoyed watching the droplets slide down.

@esquilax5563

2 жыл бұрын

The droplet would use a greedy algorithm

@david203

2 жыл бұрын

@@esquilax5563 Are you referring to how moving droplets combine with stationary droplets to increase in size? Yes, that is interesting.

I can't hardly explain how satisfying I find the animation! With that little sound! I'm a simple person, I see lighting and I'm hooked for as long as physically possible.

Learned about this guy through twitter. After I followed I searched for any features on Numberphile. And there were some in my watch later. Glad I am here now. Making beautiful maths visualizations is really something outstanding and that is the only piece that is missing from some of the lectures I have. Therefore for anything I present or teach - having a beautiful visualisation is something I strife for.

I wonder if the lightning strikes end up normally distributed along the bottom

@drakoz254

2 жыл бұрын

This is a really interesting question. Seems like modelling the maze as a random graph is your best bet to approach a solution.

@vezepheros3895

2 жыл бұрын

My intuition tells me the points in the middle would be more likely to be the solution than the side points

@krzysztofq7420

2 жыл бұрын

I guess so

@drakoz254

2 жыл бұрын

The algorithm preferentially chooses the shortest path, right? So if we suppose that each "bottom" node is acessible with probability a, and in every round, the algorithm chooses the acessible node with the shortest distance to the top (and therefore, the node closest to the center on average), does that process lead to a normal distribution? Sure feels like it does, but we have abstracted away the maze in the middle here so maybe that plays a bigger role.

@pyglik2296

2 жыл бұрын

It may be binomial, just like in galton board, where at each level you're equally likely to turn left or right.

I click on the video, instantly there is a cat. I am satisfied with the content of the video.

@seldom_bucket

2 жыл бұрын

Glad it wasn't just me.

@teleny2

2 жыл бұрын

@@seldom_bucket It's the view of the cat as well. Showing his nether star, as it were.

Brady, I didn't even know how much I was missing hearing you speak to experts in their field until this moment. Thank you!

I'm surprised there was no mention of how A* (The king of pathfinding) basically combines naiive breadth-first with an arbitrary "fitness metric" (just like you used here to color the wavefront) to guide the selection of which border nodes to search next.

@leeboehmer6793

2 жыл бұрын

Eh?

@MrRedwires

2 жыл бұрын

I was really about to ask in what way this algorithm here is in any way special or interesting. It feels like the only thing they really added was a colouration of the search-front, but the algorithm itself is... Really the most basic thing they could've done, and to me it just felt like a more basic A*

@MattMcConaha

2 жыл бұрын

@@MrRedwires it wasn't A* at all, it was just a basic breadth first search. A* uses a heuristic measure to only continue searching down paths which have a chance at being the best. In this implementation, the code always follows every path (all paths are always at the same depth, and every instance of that depth is accounted for) and then just stops when one of them finishes. In A*, the heuristic measure would probably just be the height value, and a path would only be continued if its current depth plus height were less than the any other depth plus height combination. Or some similar calculation. Off the top of my head I'm not sure if A* is defined in such a way that the heuristic must result in the optimal solution or not, but the heuristic I described would guarantee it. The full breadth first search also guarantees optimality, though with less efficiency.

@killerbee.13

2 жыл бұрын

@@MattMcConaha A* works (it finds the shortest path) even with a bad heuristic, but it performs worse. In this example, that would mean it explores more of the maze before finding the end. From what I can tell it actually loses its performance guarantees entirely depending on just how bad the heuristic is, though I assume that such bad heuristics are pretty unlikely because one had to be deliberately constructed by computer scientists for their proof, because it had never come up in practice.

@framegrace1

2 жыл бұрын

​@@MattMcConaha A* guesses and backtracks if can't continue. This follows every path and stops when can't continue... Appart of that, I would say the heart of the algorithm is basically the same. A* doesn't guarantee optimal path, (doing it in linear time like A* would be a Nobel at least...:) )

I could watch a bunch of these mazes for hours and not get bored

Such an interesting character this one. Hope to see more of his stuff✌🏻

I made a lightning simulation algorithm for a programming class in college. Basically it generated around 1000 "electrons" randomly placed, then connects a line between the top of the screen and the closest electron. It then continuously connects a line between whichever line is closest to an electron that hasn't been connected. Each time it draws a new line it increases the thickness of all the lines connecting to the top. When it hits the bottom that line's thickness is increased by more.

@MorreskiBear

2 жыл бұрын

I wonder... did that ever result in a loop-the-loop or other non-lightningish effect?

@Krebzonide

2 жыл бұрын

@@MorreskiBear I don't think I ever saw something like that. The main problem I saw was since it hit EVERY electron it occasionally forced itself to go up. I did add a small offset in the math to encourage it to go down which made it look better.

Fantastic video - within the first ten seconds I understood the concept completely.

this is what i do everyday xD making sims that have no purpose but look satisfying :D trying out algorithms

@bootje99

2 жыл бұрын

thought you were talking about the Sims (the game) 😂

@macronencer

2 жыл бұрын

Can relate to this. I'd do that too if I had the time! I have a busy life, but sometimes I do get to play with code... I spent months on and off working on an algorithm to generate near-optimally-compact patterns that encode words (so basically steganography). In the end, I cracked it using simulated annealing, and it was so satisfying! I made a pattern for my own name and got Vistaprint to put it on a mug. Every time I use that mug I remember the feeling of solving the problem, and it's pretty nice.

@asailijhijr

2 жыл бұрын

@@bootje99 that is approximately the source of the name of (the (species of) characters in) that game. They were originally the inhabitants of the cities in a different game by the same publisher: Sim City.

@Games_and_Music

2 жыл бұрын

Powder, named after that 90s movie about that guy that got hit by lightning?

@david203

2 жыл бұрын

I used to get software jobs by entering a three-instruction program to simulate a waterfall by displaying a parabola with errors due to overflow.

I love Matt's maths visualisations

@numberphile

2 жыл бұрын

So do we

This is the coolest program I have seen for a very long time. Hypnotizing

I love Matt's enthusiasm!

I like the examples this guy presents. Always something cool going on with you guys!

I love lightning and I love numbers, so this is basically my new jam.

@ebrelus7687

2 жыл бұрын

really jazzy

@Games_and_Music

2 жыл бұрын

Lightning by the numbers

This is really a deep meaning in life. Every person has a maze and then one needs a Lighting path to success and happy life. I like this work.

I wonder how a hexagonal maze would turn out. Given the complexity of having more walls on more sides and given that it will never go straight horizontal and have lots of diagonals.

@lonestarr1490

2 жыл бұрын

I guess the lightnings would turn out like parts of a Sierpinski arrowhead.

I absolutely love these videos with Matt Henderson! He's got such a nice way of speaking, I'm completely zen after watching

10:33 Thank you for the added thunderbolt sound effect on that last solution. I can’t believe @Matthen2 didn’t include this is the code, because it it ABSOLUTELY necessary.

In watching all of the solved puzzles, I never saw one where the solution included going upwards for a step or more. I'm not sure if that's a glitch in the programming, or if the puzzles just ended up that way. Thanks for the fun vlog!

I love videos like this, because while I enjoy making the odd program here and there, I got bugger all idea what's going on in Matt's code.

*Dude explains the beauty of the visuals created by the algorithm * Brady: *C A T*

Seems like the sidewinder algorithm would be helpful for maze generation, there is always at least 1 path that goes downwards so you never get stuck.

I simply must have access to this program. Great stuff

I really like the videos made with this guy!

Not sure which is more beautiful, the mathematics or the cat.

Summary: 1. A cat! Yes, a cat! I saw Mochi the cat! 2. Something about lightning

@NickyHendersonArt

2 жыл бұрын

Mochi is famous now!

I've said this before - but Brady ALWAYS asks the questions that I'm wanting to ask. Brilliant host.

Cool visual and nice to see a fun use of algorithm.

Numberphile and lightning, what a perfect combination. :)

Nice visualisation of the path of least resistance. Makes a cool animation. Would make for an awesome transition from one scene to the next where lightning suddenly strikes.

This is so cool! If you could get it to return all the shortest paths (in cases where there's a tie) that could create some nice forked lightning animations too...

So every time lightning *doesn't* strike the Earth, it's just because the air and charge distribution has been configured as an unsolvable maze...

@official-obama

2 жыл бұрын

That’s because the path is long, and the voltage wears off.

@sleeptyper

2 жыл бұрын

That or the algorithm became sentient and decided that it was better to solve between side boundaries (cloud to cloud).

@pinaz993

2 жыл бұрын

Nah. If you put enough electrons into a make like that, they stop respecting walls.

@stetai352

2 жыл бұрын

So basically weighted walls that need a higher number of ticks to be penetrated (to simulate higher resistance of air that could be overcome if the voltage was high enough)

@framegrace1

2 жыл бұрын

@@stetai352 Or start by a number proportional to the voltage and decrease it on every step instead of increasing it. When the number reaches 0 the search stops. More resistant air would be equivalent to a more complex maze.

If you've ever seen slow-motion footage of lightning, you'd see it's surprisingly similar

This is so cool. Thank you for sharing it with us!

Ingenious. Reminds me, a little, of the programs used to generated etching patterns for printed circuit boards.

Matt, the Twitter legend. I remember seeing this one on Twitter

If this was interactive I would request the lightning to start again but in reverse; from its arrival point up and see wether it takes roughly the same route. And maybe iterate to find the optimal path. Really interesting!

@tommy_svk

2 жыл бұрын

You mean find the shortest path from bottom to the top? Shouldn't that find the exact same path though?

@GRAYgauss

2 жыл бұрын

@@tommy_svk yeah it's literally part of the definition of the algo.

@andymcl92

2 жыл бұрын

@@GRAYgauss Well it's slightly different. The starting point at the top is fixed as the middle square, but it wouldn't necessarily end there going bottom to top. Say, for example, one maze started top middle and ended bottom left. Then suppose the entire leftmost column was free of walls. The shortest path back up would be straight up the left column, ending top left. The reason for this difference is because the start point is fixed, but not the end point. Now what I'm wondering about is if you repeated this again and again, where each end point becomes the start of the return, would you ever get back to where you started? I suspect the answer is no, and you'd eventually settle on one route that is (locally) the fastest both forwards and backwards.

@GRAYgauss

2 жыл бұрын

@@andymcl92 Are you saying restart the whole algo in reverse? This isn't measuring shortest path, it's measuring shortest temporal path under a system of rules that effectively modify what a timestep means. If you inverted it and used the end point as origin, it'd still be the shortest temporal path assuming the rules are mirrorable. (I'm abusing time as a sort of metaphorish thing here sorry) I could be wrong but that's the immediate intuition without thinking about it. I also forgot the video so I'm just going off what I imagine the program would be like. Maybe it's not deterministic, but in the simplest case I'm imagining, I expect it to be.

@andymcl92

2 жыл бұрын

@@GRAYgauss Within the confines of the system, the shortest path and the shortest temporal path are the same thing. I'm saying if you work from top to bottom, then you take that endpoint and work from there upwards following the same rules, the route would not necessarily be the same because you could end up in a different spot on the top from the original start point. Imagine taking an n×n grid and filling in all the walls. Now imagine clearing a route that goes from the top middle along the top row to the left, then down the left column. The shortest route to the bottom (both my distance and time) is to go n/2 left, then n down. That's the only route. But now you start from there and go up again. The shortest route to the top is just to go n up. Once you're at the top corner, you're done. You don't need to go to the middle again. From there, the shortest route down would be straight down, and up would be straight up, and so on. You fall into a reversible path eventually.

OMG! I had this ideia to modeling a lightning years ago, but I never thought much about, just some sketches. Great video!

@DaveWhoa

2 жыл бұрын

instead of traversing a maze you could simply select one of three random numbers for each iteration ... eg. 0 = left, 1 = down, 2 = right

Pretty cool! Lightning strikes actually grow similarly, but from both directions, bottom-up and top-down, and they strike when the traces meet.

"The cat helps MEOWt". Idk if that pun was intentional, but it was good.

@Games_and_Music

2 жыл бұрын

ha!

@avadakedavra80

2 жыл бұрын

Hahahahhaha 😂

@KnakuanaRka

2 жыл бұрын

^w^

Нейроны места таким способом находят путь до целевой точки в пространстве. In the same way, the place cells find a way to the target point.

I thought this was about the lightning network for a second. Great video as usual

Very nifty - thanks, Matt & Numphile

Maybe giving each two adjacent boxes a weight to go from each to another, then find the path with the minimum weight! I don't know, but in my opinion it seems more likely to how lightning happens!

@MrRyanroberson1

2 жыл бұрын

With a large enough grid, it will take on that behavior, I'm pretty sure.

To add some more context: Breadth first search (BFS) looks at all the length-1 paths first, then all the length-2 paths, then all the length-3 paths, etc. In the example at 5:40, BFS would have looked all the length-9 paths and found that no path so far reaches an objective. So it would then look at length-10 paths - maybe the first few length-10 paths that are considered don't reach the objective, but then BFS finally finds a path that reached an objective and can stop looking. Because BFS considers paths in order of increasing length, it always finds the shortest path to the/an objective. The order in which paths of a given length are considered can be arbitrary and is down to how BFS is implemented. Of course, you can also modify BFS, to find all paths to an objective or to tell you if there exists n-length path to the/an objective, or in many other ways.

This looks amazing as does everything else Matt has shown is in the previous video! Maybe you could convince him to create the same but with a hexagonal grid instead... I'm just super curious about it

Would've been cool to have some slo-mo lightning footage included to compare, because it really does look like the branching fronts of a lightning pre-strike.

it didn't even freeze at 301 :D

Highly interesting from both theoretical and practical points of view.

Math and science are just fantastic. Without them I could not survive.

Matt: This is how to model a lightening strike. Cat: Here is my butthole.

Pretty sure I can do that in one line of Python after "import lightning" ;)

@jansenart0

2 жыл бұрын

Well you can, now.

@DaveWhoa

2 жыл бұрын

instead of traversing a maze you could simply select one of three random numbers for each iteration ... eg. 0 = left, 1 = down, 2 = right

@mbrusyda9437

2 жыл бұрын

@@DaveWhoa sounds like it'll get stuck

@Alexander_Grant

2 жыл бұрын

@@mbrusyda9437 Don't think it would be as pretty as this animation, but it wouldn't get stuck, it'd have a 1/3 chance to move down each time and wouldn't go back up.

@mbrusyda9437

2 жыл бұрын

@@Alexander_Grant that's the thing, if you get into a square like |__|, you need to go back up

Neat maze, and fun to watch. Pouring a simulated liquid of different colors (spectrum) from the top might also be fun. Thanks

Very interesting and beautiful animation

Well try making the same with a 3d labyrinth and thereby getting an actual lightening in a 3Dd space

Bottom left of the thumbnail is sus

@piyushv5739

2 жыл бұрын

yo wtf how did u see it 😂

@propername4830

2 жыл бұрын

🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮BLEUUURRRGGGHHH

That cat was the most satisfying thing in this video.

I was recommended this right after thunderstorms in Southern Ontario. Nice.

I mean it sounds pretty close to how lightning actually works, to be fair, if we consider each step of the process to have a probablility of its neighbors being ionized or not. The only thing that seems to need tweaking is the probabilities and maybe instead of a yes/no wall having something more continuous? But I'm not a meteorologist, so I'm not sure. Still, really interesting.

In reality, the "maze" changes as lightning travels to ground. How would you solve it if the maze was also changing randomly at each step?

@DaveWhoa

2 жыл бұрын

instead of traversing a maze you could simply select one of three random numbers for each iteration ... eg. 0 = left, 1 = down, 2 = right

Constructing an artificial maze to make a labyrinthine solution to an otherwise simple programming task sums up Mathematica perfectly

Enjoyed it, thank you.

FYI: It really should be going downwards towards the ground, then as it gets close some should start going upwards until they meet (based on charged density around certain areas). This might actually end up creating a slightly different result?

This perfectly models how charged particles in the air would collide into other neutral particles, thus jumping the gap and breaking the insulation of the air.

If the second and third paths were flashed on right after, that would look very cool. Also, interesting to see how many other solutions, and how many additional steps.

It would be cool if it sent lightning for both paths in the case of a tie. Or if there were multiple semi-ends to the maze, which would result in mini-lightnings attatched to the main bolt. Great work! This was very interesting 👍

How is your video still froze on 301

CAT! I saw a cat

1:45 Helps with the animations? That's quite a brilliant cat.

Brilliant thanks for sharing

Mom, can we have Henry Cavil?

from "301 views" video

A related thing I'd love to see with these styles of maze is to imagine it's like an ant farm and water is being poured into the top. I want to see how each section fills up.

Starting from a full grid and gradualy and randomly removing walls until you can reach the bottom makes more sense specially if the generating part takes time (depends on the parametrs of course) . You can implement it with union find algoirhtm.

i’m here from the video 301

Pov: your here from the 301 yt vid

I think the sentence "It should be, but it may not be" pretty much sums up probabilistics

Breadth First Search is a practical application of a queue. In the detailed example, once 4 happens, there are two 5s. Both 5s are put in at the back of the queue, and this is what he meant by how he wrote the code. Then for the 6s, it adds the two 6s of the first 5 in the queue, then adds the two 6s for the second 5 in the queue. That way no numbers get lost and every step occurs completely before moving onto the next step.

I still remember 301 views

If this is how lightning actually works (he didn't claim it, but let's hypothecise) electricity isn't gnostic, how would it know the path?

@millwrightrick1

2 жыл бұрын

The same way a ball held in your hand knows where to fall when released. It is the lowest energy path.

@sehr.geheim

2 жыл бұрын

@@millwrightrick1 kinda makes sense, but I should probably go on r/AskScience to fully get it

@OriginalPiMan

2 жыл бұрын

Electricity follows every path that does not have too much resistance. So if three paths have resistances of 1000 Ω (ohm), 5000 Ω, and 1,000,000 Ω, then most of the energy will go down the 1000 path, some down the 5000 path, and likely none down the 1,000,000 path.

@RFC-3514

2 жыл бұрын

This is not how real lightning works, and electricity doesn't follow a single path anyway. If you look at super slow motion video of lightning strikes you'll see it follows a lot of different paths, and the reason why one becomes (a lot) brighter is that resistance starts to drop, making that path preferable.

Thank you, Car, for helping him generate this.

This may not necessarily be predictive of lightning patterns in our atmosphere, but it would be interesting to discover the sorts of paths that a high current would "search" through in a sufficiently complicated maze before it finds the channel of least resistance

It's incredible that real lightning strikes can have tens of thousands of "steps" or potential target areas where charges have built up. Even more shocking that it determines its final location in milliseconds.

@ShankarSivarajan

2 жыл бұрын

If you think that's cool, you should check out the real-time large-scale fluid simulations.

@RFC-3514

2 жыл бұрын

The final location is a result of the local interactions, it's not "determined". Unlike these animations, real lighting isn't "goal-oriented", and doesn't follow a single path. You just end up seeing a main path (often with some forking) because that's the one that heats the air enough to form glowing plasma.

@mistertornado2303

2 жыл бұрын

@@RFC-3514 I know that - which is why I mentioned all the steps. A single bolt can have 50,000 potential paths (steps) which contributes to the zig-zag appearance of the bolt.

@RFC-3514

2 жыл бұрын

@@mistertornado2303 - To have 50 thousand "steps" the cloud would have to be really, really close to the ground. In the real world, every molecule between the cloud and the ground (along every possible path) is a "step".