The Isolation of Natural Products: Morphine and Other Alkaloids

In the early 19th century, we were still in the habit of searching for plants with medicinal properties. But we were finally beginning to develop the capacity to identify active ingredients within those plants, isolate them, and purify them, such that they could be administered in the form of pills and powders. The class of molecules that initiated this sea change was alkaloids, the most notable of which was morphine. How did we identify morphine and ascertain its properties? Once isolated, how was it tested? It's actually a pretty crazy tale, so pull up a chair and have a listen!
Script by Vittorio Farina
Animation by Cyrene Domogalla: cyrenedomogalla.myportfolio.com/
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Пікірлер: 257

  • @soonycaesaer8728
    @soonycaesaer87283 жыл бұрын

    Can't belive we are getting this for free

  • @higorjr4101

    @higorjr4101

    3 жыл бұрын

    This guy is amazing and insane haha

  • @blindwatchmaker2345

    @blindwatchmaker2345

    3 жыл бұрын

    i had to pay for my heroin and opioids 😒😒😁

  • @iridiumFalcon

    @iridiumFalcon

    3 жыл бұрын

    I get my morphine freee

  • @winstonjamir143

    @winstonjamir143

    3 жыл бұрын

    not sure if anyone gives a shit but if you guys are stoned like me during the covid times you can stream pretty much all of the new series on InstaFlixxer. I've been streaming with my gf for the last couple of months xD

  • @maxwellonyx9559

    @maxwellonyx9559

    3 жыл бұрын

    @Winston Jamir definitely, I have been using InstaFlixxer for months myself =)

  • @johnwong8146
    @johnwong8146 Жыл бұрын

    This was an incredible amount of interesting information packed in about 13 minutes. You are amazing. Thank you for making this!

  • @chillazchillazius7634
    @chillazchillazius76343 жыл бұрын

    It looks like as if you put way more effort into the visual storytelling part in this one. I like that approach very much.

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    3 жыл бұрын

    That's because I've got a pro animator working on this series!

  • @chillazchillazius7634

    @chillazchillazius7634

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ProfessorDaveExplains very nice work! I work in Motiongraphics and 3D Animation and I know how much work that is. He or she is doing a great job and you should keep doing it that way if you can in my opinion!

  • @cyrenedomogalla5127

    @cyrenedomogalla5127

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@chillazchillazius7634 thanks!

  • @user-in8bz3kd7d

    @user-in8bz3kd7d

    3 ай бұрын

    ​@@ProfessorDaveExplainsBrother, you are a genius, have you ever made oxytocin? I'm very curious about this, how is it extracted from the ergot fungus, I really want to extract it myself, can you teach me?

  • @soilmanted
    @soilmanted2 жыл бұрын

    Although Friedrick Serturner later became a pharmacist, when he published about isolating morphine from Papaver somniferum, he was a pharmacists assistant. He did not have enough education to become a pharmacist. There was little to believe he ever would. However once he published, he gained a degree of fame which allowed him to pursue a further education, and eventually he became a pharmacist. Recent archeological evidence suggests that Papaver somniferum was one of the first plants cultivated, at the dawn of agriculture, about 8000 years ago.

  • @franknblunt

    @franknblunt

    Жыл бұрын

    Papaver somniferum, enuff said😁pleasant dreams

  • @tess7656

    @tess7656

    Ай бұрын

    Fuckin druggo 😂

  • @truescotsman4103
    @truescotsman41033 жыл бұрын

    morphine is an amazing drug i have decades of experience using this drug to survive. i have somatoform disorder with chronic pain and about every 6-8 months i need a tiny dose to correct some imbalance in my endorphine system. after i take 2mg per day for about 5-7 days i still haven't developed a dependence and its job is done. my homeostasis returns and im able to cope and eat and go to work without constant multiple attacks of extreme abdominal pain requiring me to be in bed for anywhere from 4hrs to 2 weeks. the cycle repeats itself so im assuming im depleting my bodies own endorphins and somehow morphine stimulates my body to return to balance after i stop using it. im seeing the dr next week to discuss this effect. i have a feeling that my problem stems from taking 90mg a day of morhphine for about 9 years. changes occurred that are permanent.

  • @thomasneal9291

    @thomasneal9291

    3 жыл бұрын

    interesting. thanks.

  • @christinearmington

    @christinearmington

    3 жыл бұрын

    Very interesting. Thank you.

  • @Cbd_7ohm

    @Cbd_7ohm

    2 жыл бұрын

    Absolutely. The drug war is the biggest farce.

  • @GazB85

    @GazB85

    2 жыл бұрын

    Your body can replace endogenous opioids, it's tolerance to exogenous mu agonist opioids that are the problem.

  • @GazB85

    @GazB85

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@2nostromo You think it tastes disgusting? I think it's bitter, spicy and kinda grassy cause of the chlorophyll. Unfortunately it isn't a cure for your IBS, it just treats the symptoms. When you say 'addicted' do you mean dependent? Cause even doctor's get dependence and addiction wrong. Dependence ie where your body needs the substance and will go into withdrawal without it. Addiction is where you constantly increase the dose chasing the euphoria.

  • @Felixkeeg
    @Felixkeeg3 жыл бұрын

    Merck definitely deserves an episode for himself. The guy had isolated and characterized over 800 pure(!) compounds, which were up for sale at any time. And that was the mid 1800s

  • @saturn1returns

    @saturn1returns

    2 жыл бұрын

    MDMA came from Merck too.

  • @GazB85

    @GazB85

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@saturn1returns Not the original guy but the company did create it during WW1.

  • @earlj9888

    @earlj9888

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@GazB85 who was? Interesting stuff

  • @earlj9888

    @earlj9888

    2 жыл бұрын

    That old? MDMA

  • @yessure5792

    @yessure5792

    2 жыл бұрын

    what a legend!

  • @santicruz4012
    @santicruz40123 жыл бұрын

    This is my favourite series in your channel!

  • @xavierperez6739
    @xavierperez6739 Жыл бұрын

    Excellent video, thank you for making these videos! It’s very thorough and I can’t tell you how appreciated that is.

  • @DemDoolies
    @DemDoolies3 жыл бұрын

    Sure this dude was super irresponsible with his experiment, but I gotta give him credit for taking the morphine himself!

  • @masterzoroark6664

    @masterzoroark6664

    2 жыл бұрын

    Well, yeah- gotta have balls to participate in your own experiment.

  • @GazB85

    @GazB85

    2 жыл бұрын

    1.5 grains is 96mg Orally for a first timer at a recreational (Somnolent/Nodding.) dose it's only 20mg of morphine. So they would of all been fucked, unless Serturner had a tolerance, which I assume he did. The kid's could have too, considering how common laudanum (Opium Tincture) was back then and everything it was used for.

  • @tinafoster8665

    @tinafoster8665

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@GazB85 yes but the vinegar afterwards undoubtedly gave them a hangover which was really What affected them, the guy was super irresponsible with his experiment for not starting with just dried laudanum, n taking the same equivalent, say 30 mg of his dried laudanum to 30 mg of his morphine isolate, and give them to people who are actually suffering from diarrhea which is a lot of what laudanum was expected to do, to just give people opium extract without having any of the medical conditions which people took them for, it seems a little irresponsible for a pharmaceutical chemist LOL

  • @HauntedHarmonics

    @HauntedHarmonics

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@tinafoster8665 self administration was and is a huge part of medicinal chemistry, and without the self-experiments of chemists like Shulgin we’d likely still be decades behind in the field of chemistry that being said, yeah, it’s important to titrate doses up slowly. just giving yourself and 3 teenagers 50mg of mystery powder and seeing what happens probably isn’t the smartest move lol

  • @BushyHairedStranger

    @BushyHairedStranger

    Жыл бұрын

    @@HauntedHarmonics you need to take into consideration the century this was work was happening, context applies to actions conducted. Albert Hofmann is responsible for one of the most important discoveries in World history. His work with Ergot Alkaloids is unprecedented and few Organic Chemists have surpassed his discoveries.

  • @brittanyjacobson5199
    @brittanyjacobson51993 жыл бұрын

    Wonderful, very excited to be getting more in this series.

  • @topiasr628

    @topiasr628

    2 жыл бұрын

    Very facilitating! Also 👋 distant relative

  • @beerpigs9764
    @beerpigs9764 Жыл бұрын

    I cant get over how good these videos are such a dope playlist i definitely am gonna check out microbiology next

  • @10000daddy
    @10000daddy3 жыл бұрын

    Excellent job! This video must have taken a lot of work and time. I was reading about the morphine rule recently and this video has taught me new things.

  • @ronokplays
    @ronokplays Жыл бұрын

    Especially the opening, amazing stuff man

  • @geraldomedrano5558
    @geraldomedrano55583 жыл бұрын

    Awesome video!!! Thank you for the lesson

  • @Gman_4041
    @Gman_40413 жыл бұрын

    Such quality content. We love you professor Dave!

  • @RicoCreations
    @RicoCreations2 жыл бұрын

    Great way to present the field in a lay friendly level 👍🏼👍🏼Two thumbs up!

  • @VerasakSahachaisaree
    @VerasakSahachaisaree6 ай бұрын

    Superb lecture, Prof. Dave. Thank so much.

  • @backstreetfan2887
    @backstreetfan28873 жыл бұрын

    thank you for doing these

  • @AbhinavSingh04
    @AbhinavSingh043 жыл бұрын

    Congratulations for 1.2 million subscribers 🥳

  • @vishnuprakashbharadwaj3211
    @vishnuprakashbharadwaj32113 жыл бұрын

    Hey! Professor Dave, could you make a video on metallurgical processes and isolation of metals?

  • @toxikspeaks3523

    @toxikspeaks3523

    3 жыл бұрын

    Yus! I'm here for it! Pleeaaaseee daaavvveee

  • @mitch3384

    @mitch3384

    2 жыл бұрын

    I worked in a copper smelter for a number of years, taking molten matte and refining it in a Pierce-Smith Converter from around 50% purity to about 90%. Also ran the anode furnace for a while, which takes copper from 90% to about 99%. If you're interested in that side of it, ask away. Super fun job if you don't mind hard work and heat.

  • @CJay-xq7dh
    @CJay-xq7dh7 ай бұрын

    You’ve gained me as a sub, what a great, informative video on this topic

  • @Guidus125
    @Guidus1252 жыл бұрын

    fantastic video!

  • @UNIRockLIVE
    @UNIRockLIVE3 жыл бұрын

    Learning more with every upload

  • @davidhalliday616
    @davidhalliday6168 ай бұрын

    What a phenomenal video, great job

  • @earlj9888
    @earlj98882 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for the information. The simple brakedown

  • @SirElbert
    @SirElbert3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you Prof. Dave

  • @chris73brown
    @chris73brown Жыл бұрын

    Awesome. Thx for this

  • @avael2451
    @avael24512 жыл бұрын

    Would be awesome to see this series continued into the 20th century by discussing the development of antibiotics and hormone drugs as well as their semisyntheses :D

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    2 жыл бұрын

    That's where it's headed!

  • @denguevirus135
    @denguevirus1353 жыл бұрын

    Waiting for the next video on this series

  • @GazB85
    @GazB852 жыл бұрын

    How did Serturner 'enrol' the animals? I like how he got the local kids involved. "Hey kid's, wanna try some pure morphine?"

  • @-azerima5039
    @-azerima50393 жыл бұрын

    This video is so well made. I think a better title would help it loads.

  • @AL4M1
    @AL4M12 жыл бұрын

    Great video !

  • @lsd25records
    @lsd25records3 жыл бұрын

    awesome video ... thanks.

  • @thekeymaker-ey5rk
    @thekeymaker-ey5rk8 ай бұрын

    Amzing doco 👏👏👏

  • @thomasrodriguez9864
    @thomasrodriguez98642 жыл бұрын

    Randomly suggested video. I like it.

  • @catdurrant5694
    @catdurrant5694 Жыл бұрын

    First channel that I have subscribed to in the first 10 seconds, purely based on the intro! Bring the science!

  • @HitmanR97
    @HitmanR977 ай бұрын

    Dude, nice video!

  • @beckypots1
    @beckypots1 Жыл бұрын

    I was told that in Iran the dried poppy is brewed into tea, 1 head per 4 people, is this a likely story? Would boiling water extract a paid relieving tea?

  • @sydneyhunt6681
    @sydneyhunt66813 жыл бұрын

    Amazing and to the point wish more open spoken words to come 😁

  • @godara2op566
    @godara2op5663 жыл бұрын

    Thanks man I was feeling less motivated to study science as the science we study is too abstract. Problem solving is more prioritised than communication with the subject. Regards

  • @zyern2822

    @zyern2822

    2 жыл бұрын

    Seriously.

  • @choosen1130
    @choosen11302 жыл бұрын

    As a pharmacy student I really find this interesting

  • @willsgarden6740
    @willsgarden67402 жыл бұрын

    Amazing video

  • @michielvandemeent4454
    @michielvandemeent44542 жыл бұрын

    Great vid. One point however; the image at 1:50 shows eight structures, only two of which are actually alkaloids...

  • @dredank
    @dredank2 жыл бұрын

    Did u ever make the narcotics video u mentioned with dia morphine

  • @I-kd3cz
    @I-kd3cz3 ай бұрын

    thanks!!!!🎉

  • @ronokplays
    @ronokplays Жыл бұрын

    I’d like to make content like this later in life. Such a goal

  • @DakuHonoo
    @DakuHonoo Жыл бұрын

    woah i watched this due to a meme conversation about morphine and found such quality content, i'm subscribing, video's both informative and very well visually composed

  • @studybuddy9442
    @studybuddy94423 жыл бұрын

    He knows a lot about science stuff professor dave explains 😘

  • @BushyHairedStranger
    @BushyHairedStranger Жыл бұрын

    Sandoz Pharmaceutical(Novartis) made monumental strides in Alkaloid research. Specifically work with Ergotamines.

  • @nathanielf48
    @nathanielf483 жыл бұрын

    Very interesting although the poppy blowing in the wind is not an opium poppy

  • @tRumbewas
    @tRumbewas Жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @fukpoeslaw3613
    @fukpoeslaw36133 жыл бұрын

    I'm thinking of extracting furanocoumarines from grapefruit juice, I already asked my green grocer what he charges for 15 kg of white grapefruit (far to much: 37,50 euros) but how can I do that best?

  • @rohanjagdale97
    @rohanjagdale972 жыл бұрын

    Huge fan of you :)

  • @Talkwithtina808
    @Talkwithtina8082 жыл бұрын

    Omg, I'm in Mexico and just met a couple that was talking about this same thing.

  • @00bean00
    @00bean002 жыл бұрын

    Dr , where is the thumbnail painting from? I would really like to find these

  • @amritheshk7151
    @amritheshk71513 жыл бұрын

    Awesome

  • @dominiquedoeslife
    @dominiquedoeslife2 жыл бұрын

    The fact that you used the term "complex dependency patterns" instead of misusing the word "addiction" tells me that you're both knowledgeable and unbiased. I just subscribed. Psychopharmacology was one of my areas of focus when I went to school for my psychology degree. Your channel is as informative and interesting as any of the classes I took at the private university I attended. (Edited and reposted this, because I'm a grammar nazi and I had made a spelling error in my original comment)🤦🏻‍♀️

  • @grantflippin7808

    @grantflippin7808

    2 жыл бұрын

    "Complex dependency patterns" sounds like something an addict would say to excuse their behavior...

  • @hankhill3365

    @hankhill3365

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@grantflippin7808 both u are right tbh

  • @BushyHairedStranger

    @BushyHairedStranger

    Жыл бұрын

    @@grantflippin7808 Heroin is awesome. You’re just afraid to try it because you’re already a slave to your ego. That said & known, if you ever tried Heroin, in place of talking shit about those who have, you’d know the power & the glory of the almighty King of Drugs! Smack City would make you slave numero uno!

  • @grantflippin7808

    @grantflippin7808

    Жыл бұрын

    @@BushyHairedStranger imagine being addicted to hydrocodone (big pharma heroine) for your entire time at high-school. It only ended when my stash was stolen during a break in and had to experience the worst pain I have ever experienced from the withdrawal.

  • @brannonmcclure6970
    @brannonmcclure69702 жыл бұрын

    That is so informative. I am wondering about narcotics as well. Could we find other substances to medicinal interest? The night is short… .

  • @lostSempaiWissame
    @lostSempaiWissame2 жыл бұрын

    Sooo interesting

  • @asraksabah3673
    @asraksabah36733 жыл бұрын

    Good

  • @antoineleedolliole7549
    @antoineleedolliole754917 күн бұрын

    Badass!

  • @Eatmorepaper
    @Eatmorepaper Жыл бұрын

    love how when youre talking about semisynthetic derivatives you convert morphine into morphine but its turned sideways

  • @garywood5882
    @garywood58823 жыл бұрын

    Professor Dave, could you do a vid on how to synthesize alpha methylphenethylamine ... asking for a friend...

  • @iridiumFalcon

    @iridiumFalcon

    3 жыл бұрын

    I second this.. also asking for a friend

  • @Unraveled
    @Unraveled3 жыл бұрын

    I can't believe how scientists just experimented on themselves and others just expecting to see what happened. Dangerous, but a little funny.

  • @shaswatsatyam
    @shaswatsatyam3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you Professor dave for all your hard work.

  • @mohamadbaha6791
    @mohamadbaha67913 жыл бұрын

    rat randomly chiling in lab sertuner be like would not that make u a candidate for this experiment?

  • @AndreeaTrandafirFlagshipMed
    @AndreeaTrandafirFlagshipMed3 жыл бұрын

    I am always amazed about the progress of medicine and I wonder how would I react if I could live for a day in different periods of the past but also in the future. I wonder how will our children or grandchildren think about medicine from the 2020s. 😅😂

  • @masterzoroark6664

    @masterzoroark6664

    2 жыл бұрын

    Some probably will be baffled by the return of some to the make belief cures, but the fast acting to get the Covid vaccines will definetly impress them

  • @joesteadman343
    @joesteadman3432 жыл бұрын

    We went from blind experimentation to building space ships.... I wonder what tech other species have created?

  • @deliciousness8183
    @deliciousness81832 жыл бұрын

    Can anyone point me to the exact process of extracting morphine?

  • @Gruwg2024
    @Gruwg2024 Жыл бұрын

    “Sir Robert Robinson” what a legendary name

  • @ManpreetSingh-yt786
    @ManpreetSingh-yt786 Жыл бұрын

    How ammonia is precipitate

  • @cyrenedomogalla5127
    @cyrenedomogalla51273 жыл бұрын

    Eeeeexcelent.

  • @richardwilliamsiv3778
    @richardwilliamsiv3778 Жыл бұрын

    Wish you had mentioned how aspirin and heroin are synthesized via the same reaction, using an agent that acetylates the starter natural product into what we call aspirin and heroin.

  • @traepetersen6199
    @traepetersen6199 Жыл бұрын

    I can't believe they won't let you Fullscreen this

  • @pritammaji670
    @pritammaji6702 жыл бұрын

    Morphine is one of the best secondary metabolites🔥🔥🔥

  • @science_and_anonymous
    @science_and_anonymous2 жыл бұрын

    keynote: An alkaloid MUST contain basic nitrogen. If a phytochemical does not contain such, in the example of a flavonoid such as apigenin, it is not truly an alkaloid.

  • @BRIANOKEEFFE1
    @BRIANOKEEFFE12 жыл бұрын

    4:57 not opium poppy pod. Some other strain. Glitch in the,

  • @dandylandpuffplaysminecraf8744

    @dandylandpuffplaysminecraf8744

    Жыл бұрын

    Flanders poppy is one name. They grew in the trench warfare fields after the Great War. The field of Flanders were barren, poppies need light for the seeds to germinate so they outgrew all other plants creating a red field. The blood red poppies came to symbolize the war dead and wounded veterans. Paper poppies are worn on 11/11.

  • @s0umyendustudies
    @s0umyendustudies3 жыл бұрын

    And your hairstyle became like Newton 😍😂

  • @TehGoldd
    @TehGoldd4 ай бұрын

    Can you teach us how to hypothetically get pure morphine from dry Poppy pods

  • @Brumbrumauto
    @Brumbrumauto2 жыл бұрын

    Haha how you pronounced the german name sounded hilarious. im german & i liked the video very much

  • @mattwaldren
    @mattwaldren5 ай бұрын

    I recommend having a small pause or break throughout your videos, perhaps by separating the video into three separate parts/sections/chapters. Otherwise, to the viewer/listener, the video can come across as a gushing, unending torrent of information for 12+ minutes. Just trying to help. Otherwise, love the videos.

  • @rawanashraf5705
    @rawanashraf57052 ай бұрын

    Woww😮

  • @rylandavis2976
    @rylandavis2976 Жыл бұрын

    What's with him saying that nicotine is "extremely toxic" I'd love to see a research paper on that if you have a source. It's definitely not "extremely toxic" at least not in it's isolated form. Last i checked there was no evidence that nicotine was even really a real carcinogen although there is evidence that it can promote blood vessel growth in an already active tumor. Nicotine is actually pretty safe in safe doses probably within the ballpark of caffeine "toxicity" which mostly consists of stressing the circulatory system (when not in overdose). I'm pretty shocked that you would say it's "extremely toxic" given your previous toxicity is in the dose speech. We do not evidence for nicotine being extremely toxic at all in isolate forms. Things like nicotine gum show no widespread serious long term complications such as smoking. But if you have research showing different id love to see it

  • @galileog8945

    @galileog8945

    10 ай бұрын

    What "research" do you need? Nicotine is an extremely poisonous compound. Its LD50 is 0.5 mg/Kg, which makes it more toxic than cyanide. It is all relative of course, but as far as chemicals go, very few things are more toxic than nicotine.

  • @janedesign5758

    @janedesign5758

    3 ай бұрын

    Same here, it is not toxic.

  • @Sketch1994
    @Sketch19943 жыл бұрын

    Who really believes bleeding opium when your skin is cut is good defense mechanism?

  • @Meike164
    @Meike1642 жыл бұрын

    I can harvest opium in my back yard. I have a lot of pretty poppies

  • @greenbanana311
    @greenbanana3112 жыл бұрын

    Yum.

  • @angelicazambrano
    @angelicazambrano2 жыл бұрын

    Interesting, I wonder who had the bright ideas to chase the dragon for fun?

  • @lion5452
    @lion54523 ай бұрын

    I have ammonia ???

  • @MilkoAtchev
    @MilkoAtchev3 жыл бұрын

    Regarding the %-ages of morphine that you mention at 5:07 - these are not morphine content in dry poppy pods, but morphine content in raw opium. On average morphine content in poppy pods is ~0.3%. Great content though!👍

  • @BushyHairedStranger

    @BushyHairedStranger

    Жыл бұрын

    Milko Atchev the average claims to morphine content % vary wildly in the Poppy as mentioned in the video. There are cultivars that have been manipulated over decades to produce high concentrations in the latex.

  • @flyback_driver
    @flyback_driver Жыл бұрын

    What if he had given the vinegar too soon and produced 3-acetamorphine or diamorph. I know it's technically not anhydride but what if...

  • @ruffhausmalinois
    @ruffhausmalinois4 ай бұрын

    Robert Robbie Robinson

  • @patldennis
    @patldennis3 жыл бұрын

    Tour has all of his sycophants convinced we isolate raw materials for synthetic DNA from natural sources bc we have no other alternative, rather than bc even though we can, it's just cheaper and easier to use a shortcut. I predict that for the ones that wander over here without paying attention this video will only fan the flames.

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    3 жыл бұрын

    Fortunately precisely none of them are interested in learning anything so they avoid my academic tutorials like the plague.

  • @flyback_driver
    @flyback_driver Жыл бұрын

    9:07 yeah back in the day I used to take diacetylmorphine and eventually convert it into 6-acetlymorphine. I suppose I was conducting my own biochemical studies but jokes aside don't do heroin kids.

  • @kg-Whatthehelliseventhat

    @kg-Whatthehelliseventhat

    8 ай бұрын

    Good day, Would you mind replying to me? I could use some help with what you stated in your comment.

  • @poojamsachary
    @poojamsachary Жыл бұрын

    ❤️

  • @dredank
    @dredank2 жыл бұрын

    So cancer has existed since man? Are there plants also carcinogenic to animals?

  • @aracoixo3288
    @aracoixo3288 Жыл бұрын

    🥀

  • @Yamoukawchowa
    @Yamoukawchowa9 ай бұрын

    It is time to use more of whole spectrum natural products extracts rather than isolated single molecule compound , much less modified synthetic compounds. Opioid crises are the outcome of these. Nature knows better how to modulate the toxicity and efficacy of whole extracts while humans just tinker pure compounds thinking the isolated compounds are the best forms. Now we know better. Single compounds are more potent but definitely more toxic.

  • @skandankashyap
    @skandankashyap3 жыл бұрын

    Here before 10 views

  • @DIGITALVHS
    @DIGITALVHS3 жыл бұрын

    I love perpetually through the history of pharmacy and the discovery of drugs the chemist always seems to bioassay their product. I always think it's very neat they just eat the drug to find out what it's like for themselves. You can always say more than a rat I guess. And then there's albert Hoffmann

  • @johnwone1401
    @johnwone14012 жыл бұрын

    1:13 anyone else see the plant voodoo doll?

  • @cyrenedomogalla5127

    @cyrenedomogalla5127

    2 жыл бұрын

    Mandrake root. They always look like that, and often why many images of it personify the plant.