The Giza Pyramid of the First Female Pharaoh? | Ancient Architects
The Giza Plateau in Egypt may hold a secret that could re-write the history books, that there is in fact a female pharaoh that ruled Egypt in the Old Kingdom, making her the oldest female ruler of a kingdom in recorded history - a new bright insight into Ancient Egyptian history.
In the past, I have made a video on a crude pyramid-like structure just east of the Khafre and Menkaure Pyramid at Giza. It is said to belong to Khentkawas, a royal woman who lived during the fourth and fifth dynasties.
Experts believe she is the daughter of Menkaure and the wife of either Shepseskaf or Userkaf, or both, the latter being the founder of Egypt’s 5th dynasty.
Her pyramid-like mastaba is Tomb LG100 on the Giza Plateau and its proximity to the pyramid of Menkaure is believed to indicate a close relationship with this 4th dynasty king.
But who was Khentkawes? What do we really know about her? It is thanks to a paper I’ve recently been reading by Jane Mulder, available here: egyptiansociety.co.za/ that may shed light on this important, yet somewhat unknown ancient royal figure.
Her tomb is said to be the last one built at Giza and when excavated in 1932 by Dr Selim Hassan, inscriptions were found on fragments of the tomb’s granite gateway.
They were translated as “King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Mother of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Daughter of the God, every good thing which she orders is done for her: Khentkawes.”
Watch this video to learn more and to find out why the Pyramid of Khentkawes (or Khentkaus) of Giza and the Pyramid of Khentkawes at Abusir may have actually been built for the same person, a Queen who ruled Egypt in the two years between the 4th and 5th dynasty of Ancient Egyptian history.
All images are taken from Google Images and from Keith Hamilton's paper: Khentkawes Tomb, Giza: A Layman's Guide (linked below) for educational purposes only.
Sources:
Keith Hamilton, Khentkawes Tomb, Giza: A Layman's Guide: www.academia.edu/37239131/Khe...
Jane Mulder, Was Khent-Kawes History's First Woman King?: www.egyptiansociety.co.za/was...
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Пікірлер: 100
Hi Matt, A rendered timeline of each dynasty over a map sounds like a sweet as episode. Cheerio
@LunaticAsylum01
Ай бұрын
Concur!
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
Cheers - good idea
@SchoolforHackers
Ай бұрын
Yes please.
@Patrik6920
Ай бұрын
as faar as i remeber there is a a ledger on a wall in egypt (sry dont rember where) with most of the rulers in succesive order, im not sure there was any time frames there, but its a good place to start perhaps..
My favorite source of Ancient Egyptian information is Ancient Architects. If it's a fact, it's presented as fact. If it's a hypothesis, it's backed up by sourced information. If it's speculation, it's presented purely as speculation and why. I have learned so much following Matt. There's another interesting Egyptology site called History for Granite, he's pretty good too. Many thanks to you two.
Thank you for pointing to this early female Pharao. Just for comparison: Still in German Medieval History we have the fascinating Empress Theophanu, a Greek Princess, being married to Otto II., Son of Kaiser Otto the Great. When Otto II. died early, the son Otto III. was still a child. So Theophanu arranged a peace with her stepmom... because both were sure, that their alliance would be the only chance for the child Otto III., to survive and take over the throne, when getting old enough. The ladies succeeded, and Theophanu became the only female empereor of the holy roman empire. She reigned superb, by the way :)
@catman8965
Ай бұрын
The role of women should never be underestimated.
@GermanGreetings
Ай бұрын
@@catman8965 I think you are absolutely right: The history of mankind is crowded with examples... sometimes they act in front, sometimes hand in hand with their husbands... and so on.
@catman8965
Ай бұрын
@@GermanGreetings Sind Sie Deutsch?
@GermanGreetings
Ай бұрын
@@catman8965 Ich glaube, man erkennt es am Beispiel: Ja :)
@catman8965
Ай бұрын
@@GermanGreetings I took German in high school almost 50 years ago. I'm surprised I remember anything. If you like Egyptian videos, I'd like to recommend the Ancient Sites Girl KZread channel. She's posting a video tomorrow I think at 7:00pm Germany Time. She's Polish living in Germany. If you leave a comment with her, be sure to say "CATMAN sent me here." She knows me. Ja...I think your last comment is CORRECT. 🤗
I always thought the first female pharaoh was queen Merneith of 1st dynasty? she even got a royal mastaba tomb at Umm el-Qab.
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
It’s possible she ruled in her own right, but it’s debated and there is no consensus yet, much like Khentkawes.
@phoneguy4637
Ай бұрын
@@AncientArchitects exactly. in my personal opinion, these debates are ridiculous. just because archaeologists and egyptologists of earlier times were over-patriarchaic and didn't want women to rule we still have these ridiculous debates. contemporary inscriptions from 1st dynasty tell otherwise: women had the same heritage and dynastical rights as men.
@ChristianPareATLAS
Ай бұрын
@@phoneguy4637 Egyptologists still think that stones, even with the strongest density, were cut and polished to the perfection by only using copper chisels tools 😂. Lots of conclusions that are still used today instead of saying that they don't know. Paper thin bowls and urns ⚱️ made out of stones that are impossible to reproduce today. Any vibration would damage those stone bowls or urns but still that's the explanation from Egyptologists 😂 that they were made with copper chisels. Egyptology will evolve eventually
@GizzyDillespee
Ай бұрын
@@ChristianPareATLASThey also used harder stone to work softer stone, in addition to copper tools. They made some fine bowls and urns, but if those survived a move to the museum intact 4 thousand years after they were built, I wouldn't call them so fragile that vibrations from tools would break them. They're fragile in the sense that you could smash them... but we do have the capability to make stuff like that today. We can manipulate molecules, and even atoms. We can make MUCH thinner materials than the Egyptians could imagine, never mind make.
@stephenfoley1261
Ай бұрын
@@ChristianPareATLAS They don't, a fact that has probably been explained to you at least once before. But, whatever, you do you.
I find the female royals of the old kingdom absolutely fascinating and love to learn whatever I can about them. Awesome video, keep um coming!
Great video, thanks for taking the time for us to learn more about this Matt.
The stories lost to time, the remains that we're left with tell so very little. Thanks for posting!
Great info as usual 😊
Another great video!
Matt, An episode on the Merer papyri soon? Thanks!
Thanks for the link. 👍👌
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
Cheers for watching
Interestingly, the date Diodorus gives for the Great Pyramid(3500BCE) lines up with the Sumerian King List's numbers for Kubaba's rule. Which might have something to do with why she is associated with a mountain.
Thanks for the video. Interesting topic.
Thank you very interesting. Please keep up the great work.
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
Thanks mate
An intriguing possibility. Thanks Matt!
This is a story and treatment worthy of Sherlock Holmes, though Matt is real and deals with real historical puzzles using impeccable logic and analysis of whatever clues are to be had. Thanks, Matt, you never fail to provide fascinating narratives complete with data, illustrations and the like. 🏆🏅🏅🏅
wow! Thank you!
Thank you sir!👍
Thanks👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼
Notice the vertical erosion lines in the bedrock of the side of the mustaba/pyramid similar to the lines around sphynx enclosure. Blows holes in many sphynx enclosure erosion theories
Very interesting! Its fascinating because it was so long ago, 4500 years! 🐪
Is the papyrus scepter a water fountain?
Thank you.
Neithhotep and Merneith was (maybe) early pharaos. 1. dynasty.
We know where kings were buried. Where did they live? Lots of temples, but palaces?
interesting
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
Cheers
I always thought Meretneit to be the first female ruler of Egypt during the first dynasty.
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
It’s possible she ruled in her own right, but it’s debated and there is no consensus yet, much like Khentkawes.
Here’s my theory on the two pyramids of Khentkawes: originally the pyramid at Giza attributed to her was meant to be her burial place but her son wanted to strengthen his claim to the throne because she was a princess of a previous ruling dynasty, and also because her original tomb might have been targeted, hence why a different tomb was built for her. If she is the earliest known queen regnant then it would rewrite history.
What about Steward, holding the throne for a prince?
LAST!!!
@missyyy-
Ай бұрын
😂
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
😂
Powerful women are respected.
Pyramid or Mastaba?
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
Again it’s debated, but could well have been a pyramid, or at least planned to be…
👍🏼
Third. Bronze is won too.
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
4th… close!
Ай бұрын
@@AncientArchitects 🤜🤛
Regarding "History for Granit"'s video that The Great Pyramid was intended to be a place of worship, this ties well together with that theory. The satellite pyramid being just that, while the one at Abu Sir is the real burial place so... WHAT IF all the the temples and pyramids at the Giza plateau is just for worship and none of them are tombs? A central hub to pay respect, both to former pharaohs and gods...
Notice the sloped erosion below her Temple; (quite differnt from the; "leveled," Temple above)! The Sphinx has the same sloped erosion pattern; showing that this was a Natural occurrence; [way before the actual Sphinx]; (was Polygonally bricked into existence).
3rd, 12 April 2024
@dravidakumar1697
Ай бұрын
🤣🤣
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
🥉 Just for you Merlin
It's actually amazing that the greatest, most awe-inspiring civilization in human history is also the first one. How disconnected we are...
@missyyy-
Ай бұрын
The Egyptians were not the first human civilization… prior to the discovery of Gobekli Tepe, it would have been the Sumerians. Now that’s debatable. Egypt came quite a bit later.
@LunaticAsylum01
Ай бұрын
@@missyyy-☝️
You should check out the latest episode of Earth Ancients. 2 guys on that show photo evidence of all the tunnels and hidden temples etc in Egypt. Specifically Giza. It's crazy the amount we aren't told about what's STILL under those sands! The older man apparently went into these secret places in the early 90s.
I actually find the idea and the thoughts around it, Being a first female ruler, funny because after, we all have mothers that rule our lives as we grow from child to adult. So, a mother is a ruler and every "great" person in history has been ruled by a woman. Just an interesting tid-bit.
@morkusmorkus6040
Ай бұрын
🤦🏻
First! 😄
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
🥇 You earned it
Second!
@AncientArchitects
Ай бұрын
🥈 👏👏
The intro? What's happening? (A comment is a comment Matt mate)
All these statues have really big noses and lips.....
fist!
I wonder how much Egyptian statues and artifacts lie somewhere in the Nile and the Mediterranean Sea from all the pillaging done by it over the millennia.
Very typical to have a female "ruler" at the end of dynasties who takes over when nobody else wants to because the game is up either way.
Matt, have you ever considered that the Sphinx depictions of Egyptian Rulers may have just been how they actually looked? 🧠
How can you tell if its a girly pyramid?
What's great about this girl is that she was able to build all of Egypt with little more than a copper chisel and a stone pounder. OH.. and she did it in about 23 years.
yo is this AI narrating this??
@morkusmorkus6040
Ай бұрын
No
Desperate
Boudicca could not have been an English queen. This is ridiculous. The English came to Britain when the Romans left. Should know better.
@sneeringimperialist6667
Ай бұрын
She was an Iceni queen. The Romans killed 80,000 of her tribesmen after her rebellion, which is why you don't hear much of the Iceni after that...
🙏🙏
You sometimes say "Kenkawas" and others "Kenkaway" ?