As a kid I attended USF in 1990, sometime after Nick Studios opened and before BTTF opened. Indeed, half the attractions didn't work that day, and we got free passes to return with no expiration date I wouldn't use until 2018.

@jayson1505

2 жыл бұрын

That's super dope

@Goodsuh

2 жыл бұрын

That’s so funny that you used it that long after

@kingtryton

Жыл бұрын

Wow they actually honored it that long after. That’s really cool.

@Blundabus1337

3 ай бұрын

USF: "Somehow, subzippo has returned."

I was there on opening day (its my thing - other than Magic Kingdom, been to every opening day of every big park here). while its true they didn't announce which star s were where, it was literally impossible to go 20 feet without running into one... and generally just there. My favorite was Janet Leigh, standing in Hollywood Blvd with a small group around here, enjoy the attention and looking like she was having a blast. My funniest was while waiting in line at Hanna-Barbera the line stopped moving so I asked my friend to go up and see if the ride was working, pointing at what I assumed was a ride op (Universal Studios logo hat), A few minutes later he came back, white as a ghost. "The ride is working," he said, "And that was Steven Spielberg"

@MovieFan1912

2 жыл бұрын

I can’t believe that your friend came face to face with such an acclaimed director. I envy him.

@kevinperlet9861

2 жыл бұрын

That is awesome, I would love to meet Steven spielberg!

Vintage Universal Orlando is EVERYTHING.

After Disneyland and Universal, I think it's safe to say that if you open a large park and it's a complete and total dumpster fire of an opening day, your park is going to become an international phenomenon 😉

@crazyfire9470

2 жыл бұрын

I guess it is good to have a big failure early on to learn and improve🤷‍♂️

@largol33t1

2 жыл бұрын

@@crazyfire9470 Kinda makes sense in some weird, twisted way. Screw up badly on opening day so you learn from your mistakes. But Universal Orlando HAS learned and now they are the biggest threat to Disney. Try telling me that 10 years ago and I'd laugh. I quit laughing three years ago! Of course, credit has to be given to Universal's management: they outsmarted the Mouse big time when negotiating for the theme park rights to the Harry Potter franchise, which Bob Iger still regrets.

@Lil_Angry_Bitch

Жыл бұрын

Tell that to Hard Rock Park in Myrtle Beach.

@cohenaaronm6

5 ай бұрын

Curious to see what happens at Epic Universe on opening day

Not the technician we deserve, but the technician we needed.

LOVE this story....I was there on July 27th, 1990...and it was so crowded...yeah, the big 3 didn't work and I rode ET and Hanna Barbera a million times, but I saw on that day the potential the place had....and I went back almost every year...and still go...❤❤❤❤

@largol33t1

Жыл бұрын

I have been to both Universal in Hollywood and Orlando - 20 years apart!! I went to Orlando in 2020 and it was worth the trouble. And the Harry Potter parks did live up to my expectations although I admit I am not a huge HP fan. Still, would recommend Universal to first timers. I just wish they would make an interactive go kart ride based on the Fast & the Furious movies.

Such an underrated channel!

@sophy23686

2 жыл бұрын

Agreed actually one of my favorite channels ❤️

I have to wonder if the studios would still have many of the classic attractions if that first year had gone well. Kongfrontation, Jaws, Earthquake and Back to the Future were all incredible, but had to go since they weren't pulling in people. If that first year had gone successfully and solidified the popularity of the park, I'd like to speculate that many of those original attractions might still exist.

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah who knows. They could've absolutely taken the Disney route of keeping attractions around for as long as possible had things gone well straight from the start.

@PoseidonEntertainment

2 жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas I'm not sure that Disney really has any sense of legacy either, other than what they think they can market as "nostalgia". I would consider The Great Movie Ride to be an attraction of the caliber of Pirates or Haunted Mansion, but it seems that they didn't hesitate to replace it.

@richardperhai8292

2 жыл бұрын

Universal has no qualms about replacing stuff. The only thing left from opening day is ET and the modified Horror Makeup Show and Animal Actors. Kong, Jaws, Hitchcock, Earthquake, Hanna-Barbera, Ghostbusters, Murder She Wrote, Dynamite Nights Stunt Show, Boneyard, Studio Tour, and others are all long gone (even BTTF got replaced)

@PoseidonEntertainment

2 жыл бұрын

@@richardperhai8292 That's true, but they did what they needed to survive. While myself and many others considered those to be classics, it was necessary to remove those attractions because they were no longer a draw. In contrast, other than areas of the former Merlinwood, Universal has removed almost nothing from Islands because it continues to have lasting appeal.

@SalivatingSteve

2 жыл бұрын

The backlot tram tour in Hollywood still has Jaws and Earthquake.

i actually work at universal, e.t. lately has been about a 30-60 minute wait sometimes. im really surprised to see it that long again i feel like its because thats the oldest most nostalgic ride

@yogurt2317

2 жыл бұрын

it’s a great ride! i rode it recently and found it really fun and way better than any of disney’s dark rides

@WatchDoggyDog

Жыл бұрын

the Mummy will fix that back to where it should be 15-30 minutes tops

@bryancurdi451

Жыл бұрын

​@@WatchDoggyDogdid it though, it could be because it's summer but yesterday or I think on Sunday Despicable Me and E.T. has the highest wait in the park when I checked at one point, they both had like a 50 minute wait, and now almost each time I check the app, I usually see it above 25. I so far haven't seen the ride hit an hour, but I am glad it is getting higher wait times, and it did get close to getting up to an hour.

In my opinion, Universal is better than Disney in terms of thrill, special effects, and overall rides. The only thing that Disney has that Universal does not is nostalgia. Now don’t get me wrong, I like Disney too and love going there, but I would rather go to Universal Studios any day over Disney.

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

100% agree. Thankfully Universal's competition with Disney in recent years has forced them to actually build new attractions. I'm convinced that if Universal never became competitive, we would get like one new Disney attraction every decade going forward.

@AlexanderTheGrey

2 жыл бұрын

I personally think disney also has better food but thats about it

@kiwikiwi2483

2 жыл бұрын

I disagree. Disney isn't just about nostalgia. After TRON and that new Chris Pratt ride opens up (yes, that is its name), I think I might be choosing Disney World over Universal more than I have in recent years

@kiwikiwi2483

2 жыл бұрын

@FN-1701AgentGodzillaRangerPrime Ω I think Disney is pushing it full throttle with Avengers Campus in DLP. They're even getting an E-ticket attraction...

@kevinmillan6499

2 жыл бұрын

@@kiwikiwi2483 im not saying that diseny is just about nostalgia. Disney is really advanced and detailed when it comes to rides and theming. What i am saying is that I think Universal is more successful when it comes to thrill rides imo.

You by far are my favorite youtuber. stumbled upon your account one day while looking for videos on universal and have been watching since

I had a way better time at Universal than I did Disney. I'm not a huge Harry Potter fan but my word are the rides, light show and town set ups really cool.

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah when I first visited Universal I had never even seen Harry Potter and I was still blown away by the land. I was so blown away in fact, the land itself even convinced to actually go out and watch the movies once I got back from the trip.

@largol33t1

Жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas I also wasn't a huge fan when I visited but Diagon Alley blew me away. I couldn't believe the level of detail and how immersive the experience was. Universal really had taken the fight to Disney and survived.

The idea of an animatronic Kong crushing me to death is terrifying.

I was there in June 1990, within days of the opening, and nothing worked. We were handed a voucher to return for free as we walked into the park. Unfortunately I am from Missouri and didn’t return for 30 years.

@bryancurdi451

Жыл бұрын

If you still have it try using it whenever you get a chance or decide to go, I read another comment that said they used it in 2018.

We went in 1991, and it was a super experience! Most of the bugs were worked out by then. The only ride that was closed was Jaws. We started going again in 2002 and have been regulars since. Universal Is the BEST!

Never knew Universal Hollywood was that old!

Yessss my favorite KZreadr makes another video

@haleyott7324

2 жыл бұрын

mood af

The King Kong and Jaws shark animatronics look SO COOL it would've been so cool to see them in real life.

@Dman425

2 ай бұрын

King Kong was pretty cool. But, Jaws wasn’t that great. It wasn’t bad though either

Dude Disney is such a great place but the one thing I love about universal that’s better then Disney is universal got better rides for adults

@carminecdinoproductions

2 жыл бұрын

Disney has STAR WARS rides and attractions!

@normadgarmez7026

2 жыл бұрын

That's for sure, considering that the brand and name Disney is associated with family friendly material.

@JulioTMaker

10 ай бұрын

@@carminecdinoproductionshe said ride for adults

Ghostbusters deserves an interactive shooting dark ride at Universal Studios Florida adjacent to the Men in Black dark ride!

@Lil_Angry_Bitch

Жыл бұрын

They have one in Dubai. It's very lame.

I was in Florida when MG was open but unfinished, Star Tours was under construction. and I remember seeing the billboards with Slimmer on the front saying "Universal Studios coming spoon"

@MovieFan1912

2 жыл бұрын

What’s an opening spoon?

@sasamichan

2 жыл бұрын

@@MovieFan1912 A Spoon that comes soon if you take a P

I never got to experience Kongfrontation, Back to the Future or Ghostbusters ; those would be cool to experience!

@jasonwebb5964

2 жыл бұрын

I think universal in the 90s was the best theme park ever made.

@mitchobrien8431

2 жыл бұрын

They were epic

@feliciasingleton4849

2 жыл бұрын

When it all worked, it was phenomenal...❤❤❤❤

@elvingarcia3010

2 жыл бұрын

@@mitchobrien8431 NEW DreamWorks Theatre Featuring Kung Fu Panda: The Emperor’s Quest Coming To Celebrating Universal Orlando Resort 30th Anniversary Universal Studios Florida Opening Date In 2022

@jasonwebb5964

2 жыл бұрын

@TechMasterJason once long closed in early 2000s the park began to slide. And no one is overrating the 90s. It's a fact that decade was far superior. Ya their may be some better rides at the parks now but as a whole universal has slipped. Islands of adventure in the other hand has greatly improved.

I love these videos man! Awesome content👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽

appreciate the la noire ost in the background

This channel is really great, super super underrated

I'm convinced the Power outtage and the tech difficulties were caused with black magic by Disney 😂😂😂

@MovieFan1912

2 жыл бұрын

That makes me picture a movie where two competing theme park resorts use real magic to sabotage each other.

It is Truly interesting to see the leaps and bounds universal has come from. Love the video.

Great videos as always!

When they opened Universal Florida in 1990, Nothing Worked!

I love your channel its amazing best one at the moment

And now Disney is shooting themselves in the foot, and Universal is set to speed ahead with their new Epic Universe park.

this was really great, you should do a video on how the wizarding world transformed Universal.

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe...

@largol33t1

Жыл бұрын

There is one called "The theme park history of Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey."

Yess, another great video!!

EPCOT'S Opening wasn't much better (every ride except Mexico broke down, Spaceship Earth cars unlocked during the decent nearly throwing people out - hence why someone was there for a year manually turning and locking the cars). They even had a refund desk set up BEFORE the park opened. The big difference: Disney didn't invite the press until 3 weeks later when things were more or less working (not counting Energy, Imagination or American Adventure).

My fiancé was the on the managerial opening day team and he has some good stories about how bad it was.

The videos you make are comedy gold

Love the LA Noire music so pleasing to the ears

At least Nickelodeon Studios worked on opening day...

Looking forward to your next video!

The cast members on that day wish that the et bikes took them to the green planet

@Planetarygamers

2 жыл бұрын

"Team Members" ;)

@studioshorts4342

2 жыл бұрын

@@Planetarygamers your right lol

Love the video my g

I hope this channel makes a top 10 best rides in universal or disney or seaworld and also i live in florida

While Disney has bit itself in the foot over the past few months, Universal has a lot of redeeming to do. They took away a lot of classics such as Beetlejuice's Graveyard Revue, Kongfrontation, Nickelodeon Studios -which should have been transformed as a museum and Terminator 3-D; The Simpsons, Spider-Man and Harry Potter can only do so much!

@christine311

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, bring back Nickelodeon!

@largol33t1

2 жыл бұрын

One problem is that Marvel retains the final word on the attractions. Universal can repair and do light updates to attractions like Spider Man but for some reason, they can't tear them down and totally replace them even if it's themed for the same character.

Good video. Subscribed.

I love your vids

Excellent video! One thing that I would like to add that I had as a passing thought. The power outage that “affected the programming at universal.” could have very easily been bought and paid for. 🐭

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Oh my, an inside job... I like where your head is at...

as a first time Annual Pass holder premiere status, I'm soooo glad they got their 'ish' together!!! i loveee that park!!! :)

He uploaded again! 😄

If anyone had told me that 20-something years later, this would be the biggest threat to Disney, I would have laughed.

🔥 KZread channel.. keep it up 👍🏼

I don't know why, but do you have idea where you come up with your concept of a theme land that could replace a other theme or a new land that could come to Universal Orlando?

I went in the early 90's when Nickelodeon was part of the park. And I actually rode the Back to the Future ride.

@robertforster8984

Жыл бұрын

I went all the time back then.

Great video very kool

Jaws closed for 3 years is crazy

We got our ticket money back as all the rides were down that year!

Wow!

Waiting for that new upload!

Do you think more video game related attractions will come to the parks?

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

If the first Nintendo land is successful, we can definitely see more of those properties. As for other video game properties, that would depend on their contract with Nintendo, as it may prevent them from bringing in video game properties that are not Nintendo's.

Never give up on my dreams? All I want is to move to (Central) Florida so I can go to Horror Nights any time I want... and that's not going anywhere. On the bright side whoever was the person who suggested that Uni do a Halloween event to compete with the mouse should have been given the raise of a lifetime given that HHN would be the main money maker for the park until Wizarding World opened.

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah it was a simple idea that turned into a massive game-changer. Whoever came up with it was an absolute stud.

@kikeruiz539

2 жыл бұрын

They got the idea from Knott's Scary Farm in Buena Park, CA

@EmperorSephirothII

2 жыл бұрын

@@kikeruiz539 Yeah, but I'm saying the guy who had the guts to go up to his manager(s)/ corporate and say, "Hey we need to do something like this." deserved a raise.

@danisports8194

Жыл бұрын

Atleast it isnt impossible, one day youll get there

@Thoralmir

Жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas Universal was initially wary of doing a Halloween event in Florida, due to the bad press generated from a fatal accident over at HHN in Hollywood. It's why the first event in Orlando was named "Fright Nights".

The tides are changing Disney won't be able to just ignore universal for much longer thanks to the wizarding world and the VelociCoaster in the Jurassic world area all we need now is super Nintendo world and Disney may sweat a bit

@xxmushisushixx1049

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah and maybe replace Dr.Seuss land with dreamworks or SpongeBob land in islands of adventure.

@largol33t1

Жыл бұрын

I think the fall of Disney started in 2020 just before the plandemic - and ironically, the timing HELPED Universal. People were stuck at home so they would gorge on JK Rowling's books and watch the Harry Potter films nonstop. And then Florida officially reopens and the floodgates opened with them. The Harry Potter fans were definitely among a large chunk of the tourists who were desperate to get a vacation. With Disney's outrageous prices, their stupid phone software and bad management, no wonder customers flocked to Universal...

Well…..at least Nickelodeon Studios was having a wild party during all this

have you been to Volcano Bay? i just started working Guest Services there recently

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

No, but that is definitely the #1 water park on my bucket list.

@haleyott7324

2 жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas definitely worth all of the hype!

Yeah. True, in some points. I’m glad I got a choice of theme parks in the world.

@RigoLeons

2 жыл бұрын

I’ll say, what’s your plans for other videos? IoA opening? City Walk? Openings are always interesting.

So basically, Universal had a comeback on the level of Battlefront II

Uploads more please 🙏!

What is with the comparison to SeaWorld? That theme park doesn't even have the same theme and isn't a film studio! To me it is like comparing Aquatica to any of the Six Flags theme parks.

@yogurt2317

2 жыл бұрын

i think he was comparing the draw that these different theme parks have. people don’t travel to orlando to go to seaworld and only seaworld

@stot2614

2 жыл бұрын

@@yogurt2317 How do you know? Seems a bit presumptuous even though it seems valid.

you know i actually watch all your vids even if they don't sound interesting

the power of back to the future and the power of love saved the future of the park

Thanks for reminding me of how the world was "guilty until proven innocent" with one of the most lovable black men in history, Bill Cosby. He's a free and innocent man now.

CAN YOU PLEASE UPLOAD AGAIN. I MISS YOUR VIDS!

If a guest asked me any questions I would just say o let me ask my manager walk of and not come back.

Oof thank gosh I wasnt there for opening day.

What will Eisner say now

In my opinion this parked sucked back in the day and it still sucks now. The park feels ugly and outdated. The lands don’t make any sense either. I only go to Islands of Adventure and that’s it.

@attackontylin5233

2 жыл бұрын

Hollywood’s universal studios is WAYYYY better

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah it definitely needs work in some regards (KidZone is a stain on this Earth). However, I think the generic, backlot-style lands give the park much more freedom than Islands of Adventure. Much more freedom to have a greater variety of IP's and attractions by not having lands tied down to just one or a handful of IP's. Since Universal's new park, Epic Universe, will be more like IOA with lands themed to just one IP, I'm personally glad we have a park like this where many more properties get to see the light of day.

@SpectacularWebHead

2 жыл бұрын

@@JP-et9hv Mummy is okay. The Harry Potter coaster ride sucks.

@nancyyventura358

2 жыл бұрын

@@SpectacularWebHead well technically Harry potter ride gringotts isn't a rollercoaster

@SpectacularWebHead

2 жыл бұрын

@@nancyyventura358 Technically it still sucks

the opening reminded me of malanga!

Great vid, but just to split hairs 10,000 guests would be a very light day by today's standards. 10,000 * 365 days = 3,650,000, which is way lower than Universal's annual attendance (which is more like 10 million)

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah honestly good point. I was thinking from a capacity perspective, which I guess I way underestimated lol

@largol33t1

Жыл бұрын

10,000 is the type of crowds you get in the first week of January because it's so freaking C-COLD... And most of the guests are Australian, British and Irish! But once they leave, spring break starts for South America so the Brazilians come pouring in. And they love Universal as much as Disney. The huge tour group that I saw at the hotel hit Disney and the very next day, ran to Universal - all 200-something of them!

Disney sabotaged Universal Studios Florida’s Opening Day! Merlin’s Beard, what will Disney do now that Universal has established themselves In Central Florida?

have you rode the velocicoaster yet

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

No not yet. I'm very excited for it though. I've only heard good things. Hoping to get on by the end of the year.

@y0sq506

2 жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas I was lucky enough to get a ride on it pre release back in may i think and it is by far the best ride at universal and the best coaster i’ve ever been on

@moiseshernandez291

2 жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas hey man can i get a shout out also i am a sub to your channel for about 1 year and can you do top 10 best rides in universal also keep it up with the videos there good

Holy Smokes Linda Blair was looking good that day

I've watched several of your videos, and I think the content is great! Great videos, and some interesting information. But something I've noticed that most of them share is negativity. Why harp on problems, fails, shortcomings and disappointment? I subscribe to channels that offer positive insight into (sometimes) bad situations.

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah I get that and I recognize the pattern too. I'm definitely going to try and make some more positive videos down the line.

@mattrost2574

2 жыл бұрын

@@AttractionIdeas - I will continue to watch for new upbeat and exciting content!

Never give up 😔

off topic but i like your voice

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you old sport!

in june 7 1990 Much celebrities in the ignaguration, that day Janet Leight, James Stewart and Anthony Perkins meeting William Hanna and Joseph Barbera 🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨🤨????????????????

Stole is a bit harsh. Michael eisiner did steal the idea, but not entirely it was part unicersal studios, part the planned movie pavilion for epcot blown up to a full park

15:32 well said morale, and I ant giv8ng up on my dreams too and not even giv8ng up on helping many companies and people currently struggling today even post 2020 Covid , and any fallen dreams can be reborn, even to my works and dreams, the atom former, check it out online and some examples on, how it can enable the means to ensure no one has to give up on their dreams again, + fix the environment, clean hybrid vehicles and more + mass theme park upgrades too

Sure, some of these stories sound pretty crazy, but I wish you would site some of our sources. I find it EXTREMELY hard to believe that a tech would manually operate an animatronic with guests nearby. That would be extremely dangerous and would not be allowed. Please don’t make things like this up and present them as facts just to provide a sensational story…or provide a trusted source to back up some of your claims

I feel dumb, what’s the music

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

LA Noire

Universal is so much better than Disney

Universal DID NOT go into this alone. They partnered with Britain’s Rank Organization (owners of Hard Rock Cafe and Pinewood Studios) It was a 50-50 ownership

@richardperhai8292

2 жыл бұрын

And Loewe's for the hotels.

@Justin-lg2mq

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah…there were a lot of ‘facts’ in this video that are not correct

Disney has ultimate theming and immersion, Universal and IOA have way better attractions.

@carminecdinoproductions

2 жыл бұрын

The Universal parks also have immersion in some themed areas and various rides and attractions!

i just got back from universal a few weeks ago

Disneyland my friend 1955 sir lol

I was at Universal Florida the first or second week it was open. NOTHING worked except for Jaws and ET. We rode Jaws which was awesome. ET was a 4 or 5 hour wait so, no. Earthquake was not operating except for the pre-show with the audience participation “filming” the earthquake movie. Mom and sister got to be shopping girls on escalator during earthquake and I got to be the best grip and yank on a rope, tipping over a pillar. So bummed to never have ridden King Kong, it was totally broken. On our way out they handed us free tickets to return that never expired. Didn’t realize jaws got totally overhauled so pretty cool we actually got to ride the og ride model.

The original Disney MGM Studios sucked as well. I never liked Jaws or Kong at Universal, they were really cheesy. Universal Studios now is really good. Although they really need to do something with production central. A lot of wasted space.

@AttractionIdeas

Жыл бұрын

Production Central is getting an overhaul as we speak. Shrek and the Monsters Cafe appear to be getting replaced by minions to make a mini minions land.

It's okay that Disney took Universal's idea for MGM -- Universal got Animal Kingdom's budget-cut 'Beastly Kingdom.' Though it may be gone now, it was the part of the park that really got Islands up on its feet. (Not to mention, gave us some of the best theming and one -- two? -- of the best roller coasters in Florida.)

Little Bill?!

@Jushwa

Жыл бұрын

I vibed with that show, was sad to see Cosby’s fall from grace.

I was there opening day.

This is Herb right ?

Universal Pictures' 1990 Box Office: 1. Tremors (1990) Box Office: $90.8 million 2. Coupe de Ville (1990) Box Office: $32.7 million 3. Opportunity Knocks (1990) Box Office: $61.9 million 4. Cry-Baby (1990) Box Office: $45 million 5. The Guardian (1990) Box Office: $92.6 million 6. Bird on a Wire (1990) Box Office: $755.7 million 7. Back to the Future Part III (1990) Box Office: $1.335 billion 8. Ghost Dad (1990) Box Office: $138.5 million 9. Jetsons: The Movie (1990) Box Office: $110.6 million 10. Problem Child (1990) Box Office: $393.8 million 11. Mo' Better Blues (1990) Box Office: $88 million 12. Darkman (1990) Box Office: $266.3 million 13. Henry & June (1990) Box Office: $127.9 million 14. White Palace (1990) Box Office: $95.3 million 15. Child's Play 2 (1990) Box Office: $194.9 million 16. Havana (1990) Box Office: $196.1 million 17. Kindergarten Cop (1990) Box Office: $1.100 billion Total Earnings: $5.1 billion

in all fairness, at 15:23 u say they aint laughing now... i think they are... Disney had 11.4 Million just in hollywood studios Universal had 10m in the whole place sooooooooooo I think disney still laughing

@AttractionIdeas

2 жыл бұрын

Universal has 21.3 million across both parks