Spontaneous Processes
058 - Spontaneous Processes
In this video Paul Andersen discriminates between spontaneous (or thermodynamically favored) processes and those that are not spontaneous. A spontaneous process requires no external energy source. If the enthalpy change in a reaction is negative and the entropy is positive a spontaneous process will occur.
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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
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All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
"File:Brillanten.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, December 18, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?t....
"File:GraphiteUSGOV.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 28, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gra....
"File:Hex ice.GIF." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 29, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hex....
"File:Josiah Willard Gibbs -from MMS-.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 29, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jos....
Gkai. English: Erlenmeyer Flask, May 23, 2010. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Haacken, User: Herbert. English: Instant Cold Pack, March 15, 2012. Own work: Herbert Haacken. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
"Reversible Reactions." PhET. Accessed December 28, 2013. phet.colorado.edu/en/simulatio....
Splettstoesser, Thomas. Hydrogen Bonds in Liquid Water Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Tip3P Water Model with CHARMM Force Field), June 25, 2007. self-made with open source visualization software PyMol. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
User:Itub. Diamond and Graphite Samples with Their Respective Structures. The Bottom Right Formation of Carbon Is What Is Known as "Graphene," Characterized by Infinite, Single Atom Sheets of Carbon., March 2007. Self-made derivative work (see below). commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Пікірлер: 56
Please do not stop doing the good job you are doing, its unfortunate the education system is so poor that we have to go to KZread for help from brilliant minds like yourself. Thanks again, Some of these college professors need training on how to teach I swear.
Wow, I knew that spontaneous processes could be slow, but the diamond to graphite example still amazed me. Gives me a whole new appreciation for the difference between thermodynamically-favored verses kinetically favored.
thank you so much for using the simulation. it made it so easy to grasp the concept
@neerajkumarmishravlogs
7 ай бұрын
kzread.infoDRtHEDvr1wI
Thank you so much for the video, every time I'm stuck with chemistry concepts, I always go to your channel.
@neerajkumarmishravlogs
7 ай бұрын
kzread.infoDRtHEDvr1wI
Hi. When we're taught about this here in England, we often use the word 'feasible' instead of 'spontaneous'.
@q2anti
3 жыл бұрын
You have no idea how helpful this clarification was. Thank you for pointing this out.
@MrNanah38
3 жыл бұрын
Feasible? Wow
@sciencenerd7639
2 жыл бұрын
thank you
Has anyone else just binge watched these videos? Love watching them...they are very informative!
i love you bozeman!
Thank you for doing this video. It helps a lot!
At 3:45 of the video you mentioned that after the gas expands the temperature of the gas wouldn't change. However, I believe the temperature of the gas would indeed decrease rather than remaining same.
This has been very helpful. Thank you.
THANX , a lot of information , gtta watch it again .
Spontaneous processes can still occur if enthalpy change is positive, as long as T*delta S is much much larger.
@neerajkumarmishravlogs
7 ай бұрын
kzread.infoDRtHEDvr1wI
thank you that was so helpful
Excellent! I hope you post a new videos!!!
@neerajkumarmishravlogs
7 ай бұрын
kzread.infoDRtHEDvr1wI
thank you sir nice method your teaching
Thank you so much
Thanks, & nice presentation
Spot. On.
Great video, quick question when you say spontaneous required no external energy source, dont all reactions need activation energy to start them off? Little confused with the two concepts? Thanks again for the informative content.
@xOxAdnanxOx
5 жыл бұрын
Zahra think about activation energy as an energy to initiate a reaction. for example, “ combustion “ if there is a gas ( flammable ) spread out into vacuum, no reaction will occur with the oxygen until you initiate it with a spark or a match so it can break the bonds and reaction occurs. once you initiate it you do nothing to can make it continue ( spontaneous ) it is self-sustaining .so all of this is after energy supplied from an external source “ the spark “
When we make both chambers in contact and gas move to right why there is no change in temp and what happens to internal energy.Please explain
Very digestible, thank you for the video!
@neerajkumarmishravlogs
7 ай бұрын
kzread.infoDRtHEDvr1wI
Earned my subscription :)
nice video
nice explaination
Nice one
Thx
So basically, spontaneity only has to do with whether the products or reactants are favored? Just having some trouble wrapping my head around this concept.
Hello, Mr Anderson. 😎
useful...
How are products favored in a spontaneous reaction? I thought if delta H was negative, it would be exothermic and so move in the backwards direction, reactants favored.
@Cobenis_Kar
8 жыл бұрын
+Renzo Andre What you're referring to is an equilibrium reaction. When the enthalpy change of the reaction is exothermic, then the backward reaction is favored. That's not what he is talking about. He is talking about the spontaneity of a reaction. For example matchstick head burning will cause heat energy to be given out and therefore be exothermic in nature. The burning head also turns to gas and this increases disorder of the system and therefore, entropy. The matchstick burning is not an equilibrium reaction. Energy tends to move towards a lower state so, when you burn the match the products will have lesser energy right? So, the reaction favors product formation. This shows that enthalpy decreases. Hope that helped!
a. Liquid water freezing at a temperature below its freezing point b. Liquid water freezing at a temperature above its freezing point c. The combustion of gasoline d. A ball thrown into the air e. A raindrop falling to the ground f. Iron rusting in a moist atmosphere spontaneous or non spontaneous
@perezlayakristan6391
3 жыл бұрын
informative!
What do you mean when you say the products are favoured?
@XZagatoX
7 жыл бұрын
It means the reaction makes more products than reactants
@SaloniMore
7 жыл бұрын
Okay, thank you!
When he says occur I hear okurr
great explaination. please reduce the pace a lil bit. thanx
But, but, but, but ... diamonds are forever :(
@muhammed5667
3 жыл бұрын
"tending to infinity relative to an average human life span", so if your lover happens to say something like that, now you know what to say
book mark 01:14
My old college chemistry text says that when delta G is equal to "0", then the reaction is at equilibrium just as you do, however, when delta G is "0" and K=1, the products and reactants are equal in concentration but the reaction is not necessarily at equilibrium. My old text goes on to define equilibrium to be when the forward and reverse "reaction rates" are equal. When this condition is met, the reaction can be shifted to the right or to the left depending on the reaction and the value of K. In other words K defines if the reaction lies to the right or to the left or in the middle when the reaction is at equilibrium. So I am confused as to why you and my text say that when delta G is equal to "0", the reaction is at equilibrium?
how can a reaction be reversible if it is favorable one way and unfavorable the other?
@siabf96
10 жыл бұрын
Both reactions occur at the same time but, one goes more to completion than the other
By the way, as an example. Graphite DOES transform into Diamond spontaneously, but only at very specific conditions ( 1500 K, aprox 60.000 atm pressure) Spontaneity is defined with thermodynamic conditions imposed, such as Temperature and Pressure. Graphite DOES NOT transform into Diamond at 298 K and 1 atm pressure, under these condition the opposite process is spontaneous. As an added note, Enthalpy and Entropy of reaction have nothing to do with reaction rate, the reason at 298K and 1 atm diamonds don't just burst into graphite (exothermic process by the way) , is because this process is kinetically limited by a huge activation energy, which does NOT depend on thermodynamics.
I knew id return from HS
can you talk any faster?