The reason that train isn't moving is because the driver wants to postpone the heat death of the universe by not increasing entropy.

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+Gordon X. Frohman :)

@rakhigoyal9778

6 жыл бұрын

Gordon X. Frohman Hahaha!!!😀

@brendan6739

5 жыл бұрын

@aud_io a great way of extending the life of the universe, but alas still does not prevent the inevitable end

@pathrender

5 жыл бұрын

@aud_io to turn off the fusion reaction youd have to figure out a way to negate gravity, it's the gravitational pull of an star that makes the core dense enough to fuse, so in order to stop fusion youd have to cancel out all of the pressure caused by gravity

@MrT------5743

5 жыл бұрын

@aud_io But you would increase entropy by trying to stop the fusion in stars. The energy it would take to do that, would probably be more than if we just let it happen.

This particular way of describing entropy is why you always find your earbud cords always tangled up: *there’s only 1 way* to have the cords straight and untangled but, as you jostle them around in your pocket or backpack, *there’s a myriad of ways* for them to become tangled.

@chrisg3030

3 жыл бұрын

I sometimes think earbud cords tangle even when they're not being jostled, just confined like in a desk drawer.

@aleethanone6904

2 жыл бұрын

yeah but theres always lots of other orderly ways to have a pair of earbuds that aren't tangled. not just one...

@chrisg3030

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe entanglement is inverse to dimensionality. A loop in 3d becomes a knot when the dimensions are reduced to 2d under conditions of confinement like a backpack or desk drawer. Entropy means the knot or entanglement doesn't revert to a loop on re-exposure to 3d, so the cord is still in a tangle even after opening the desk drawer again.

@danielterra4773

2 жыл бұрын

that doesn't explain why you never plug usb the right way though

@lassesipila6418

2 жыл бұрын

@@danielterra4773 Sometimes you do, but it's less often than not, so that's what we remember. We're also tricked by our eyes, we think it should be a 50/50 chance that the USB is the correct way around, but it's one out of three: USB plugs are in fact four-dimensional objects, requiring you to turn it 180 degrees TWICE to rotate the plug to the superposition where it will fit the socket. ;)

First watched this video when I was in high school, found it absolutely fascinating and was at a time in my life where videos like yours were interesting me into pursuing STEM education. Now, years later, doing my MEng degree and learning about thermodynamics, stirling engines, etc in university, so I came back here to recap (you explained it a lot better than my lecturer). Thank you for your contribution to the educations of myself and so many others

@str0o.n

Жыл бұрын

Currently watching this for the exact same reason

@ehlowgovna

7 ай бұрын

Noice👍

This really bridged the gap for me between the statistical “ping pong ball” analogies ive heard, and the teachings of physically irreversible processes when describing entropy. Great video!

Sir, you are a huge clump of energy and enthusiasm!

@praveenb9048

3 жыл бұрын

But Steve is an exception to the rule - he spreads the energy around all the time, but it never loses its magic.

@miltonjohn9731

3 жыл бұрын

Check Out our Video on Entropy!! kzread.info/dash/bejne/on97yqVrd67WnZs.html

@ShreeRamJayaRamJayaJayaRam

3 жыл бұрын

Once we watched this video and understood it and are as clever as him in this particular 11:42 mins of subject, we will not watch it again, does that prove knowledge or emotional entropy

I want someone to look at me the way Steve looks at his Stirling engine

@MichaelHarrisIreland

4 жыл бұрын

I'd never have thought of that! More like "why doesn't he take his face out of the way so I can see the engine". Thank God for the difference.

@themask706

4 жыл бұрын

Well he looks at the engine so he can figure out how it works. But no matter how long a mans observations of a women, he knows he will never figure her out.

@clutchinson7438

4 жыл бұрын

@@themask706 you have touched on an excellent point..in fact females or shall we say gynovoltaic engines have typically taken all of the energy i have ever given them and efficiently shared it with the rest of the universe..relieving me of the burden of storing it. Thankyou ladies!

@zfilm

4 жыл бұрын

@Clutch Inson. I too have pumped a steady stream of explosive energy via ‘small bangs’ into a continuous array of gynovoltaic engines over time in my endeavour to understand the nature of the universe and experience entropy first hand.

@clutchinson7438

4 жыл бұрын

Sean- one of my small bangs has grown big enough to borrow the car ! May you continue your explosive research..and may your experiements confirm and exceed your wildest hypothesis.

I have a degree in mechanical engineering from a respectable university. I did thousands of thermodinamical calculations using entropy. Yet, you helped me understand entropy better... thank you!

@quixote5844

Жыл бұрын

Did entropy increase when you substituted an “i” in “thermodynamical” for the “y”? Or, maybe you’re an engineer, not an English major :) ?

@TotalDec

Жыл бұрын

I like how ppl complain about spelling, in a time when AI is almost ready to spell correct everything. Worrying about spelling is about the dumbest thing you can do. Also, I'm an astronaut millionaire.

@quixote5844

Жыл бұрын

@@TotalDec ALMOST ready? When AI finally gets it right, then I’ll take comments seriously. Until then, I’ll just skip reading comments with poor spelling, no punctuation and illiterate grammar. If you can’t bother to proof your comments or learn how to spell, why should I try to translate your incomprehensible posts? Astronaut millionaire? Sure! An Astronaut who can’t spell is the dumbest thing you can do. Can you even count?

@vijay-jw8gq

Жыл бұрын

@@quixote5844 🤓☝️

@luciustarquiniuspriscus1408

5 ай бұрын

I have a degree in CS and our teacher took the statistical approach to entropy. He thought it connected well with CS subjects like information theory and he even wrote a physics textbook for CS students. Top notch.

Hey mr.steve i really like your in depth definations the afterwards knowledge we have after watching your videos is just off the charts really appreciate your hardwork and thanks for educating these various complex yet beautiful topics hats off to you man

Entropy increases and so does my understanding of entropy, thanks to this video!

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

Great!

@louf7178

6 жыл бұрын

P Hampton I don't want to play with that fire too much, but there is following phenomena: syntropy. This the new organization. E.g. when one's organization gets bad, and it gets reorganized; etc...etc...

@ericklopes4046

6 жыл бұрын

So... Battery charged: Low entropy Battery discharged: High entropy? So entropy is kind of the opposite of available energy?

@Blaze-xc4nn

5 жыл бұрын

Erick Lopes yep

@Anon54387

5 жыл бұрын

@@ericklopes4046 Usable energy anyway. I suppose that's splitting hairs, though. Entropy increases as one runs steam through a turbine and enthalpy decreases. Then one condenses it and pumps it back to the boiler where entropy is decreased and enthalpy increased so it can be sent back to the turbine to do more useful work. Enthalpy is order and thus usable energy where entropy is disordered unusable energy.

"An argument can be made that time is itself a statistical phenomenon." You're just gonna leave it there? Please go on. Seriously. Help. Go on. Tell me more.

@NeilMarcellini

4 жыл бұрын

Hello!

@TurdFurgeson571

4 жыл бұрын

@@NeilMarcellini Hi there

@hudsoncaceres6820

4 жыл бұрын

I could explain this to you if you want to but you’re gonna have to wait till I’m on a computer and not about to go to bed. Cause I’m on my phone. And in bed. Reply to this so I remember

@TurdFurgeson571

4 жыл бұрын

@@hudsoncaceres6820 That would be helpful! Thanks!

@sakykBzz

4 жыл бұрын

@@hudsoncaceres6820 still waiting

Thank you so much for this video Steve! Studying thermodynamics at uni right now, and this video is the ONLY one that I have understood. Physics, nature and our universe is just so beautiful, and your video made that ever more clear to me!

@graememorrison333

2 жыл бұрын

I wish we had KZread when I did my physics degree thirty five years ago. It would have made many concepts less of a struggle to get my head around (And I probably would have got a higher classification!)

@mamamia5668

Жыл бұрын

Surely you would have known this before studying that at uni, right?

Absolutely great video! Not only your definition of entropy is, in my opinion, a lot better than the "measure of disorder" one, but also yours was the very best explanation of how the Stirling engine works (I love Sterling engines). Your way to explain stuff is second to none. Thank you.

So they had Stirling engines but no ice? One weird train indeed.

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+Frederik Tessmann haha! Yes, very strange.

@EmdrGreg

7 жыл бұрын

They save the ice to power the Sterling engines that run the train... ;-)

@twirlipofthemists3201

6 жыл бұрын

It's only a half train.

@yasirsaheed

6 жыл бұрын

It's not a train, it's just clever green screening!

@labibbidabibbadum

5 жыл бұрын

Er, if you gave it a moment's thought I think you would see that it's far more likely they had both, but you were only allowed to choose one or the other.

I'm an Aerospace Engineer, studied at the University of Maryland. This is by far the best explanation of Entropy I've ever heard. You get into another level of complexity when solving for Entropy (S) as a function of heat transfer (Q) and absolute temperature (T), but having this foundational understanding gives context to really comprehend your solution. Good stuff!

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+Angelo Collins thank you!

@tpgnRambo

6 жыл бұрын

Thanks a lot for the video! I struggled to understand what entropy really is, when I was first introduced to it at University (I’m still in first year physics). After watching this video it makes so much sense now! The way you defined it relating to the spreading out of energy helped me so much!

@Seth-ti4nh

6 жыл бұрын

how is aerospace @ Maryland? I'll be applying to colleges next fall, for Ms. tsm

@ahitler5592

6 жыл бұрын

sorry but the earth is flat

@KillGui007

6 жыл бұрын

Information spread over degrees of freedom to be more specific :p

I really did not want him to stop talking!!! I felt i was just getting into it when it cut to the external engine at the end. I love when topics such as these are explained in layman's terms, thank you 😊

You ought to do a video about that sodium acetate hand warmer you used. They’re really a pretty brilliant example of the latent heat of fusion given off when you have a phase change from liquors to solid. Orange farmers in Florida use the same phenomenon in water to protect oranges from freezing. They spray water on them and when the water freezes it keeps the oranges from freezing.

@linuslundquist3501

7 ай бұрын

Liquors you say?

@WJV9

5 ай бұрын

@@linuslundquist3501 - Liquid to solid is what he meant, a phase change.

@linuslundquist3501

5 ай бұрын

I know, but it was a funny typo@@WJV9

What I came for: better understanding of entropy What I left with: existential anxiety about the heat death of the universe

@phoeberose1198

3 жыл бұрын

Yes yes yes that's what im processing too!!

@anaalmeida4582

3 жыл бұрын

Definitely 😂 Heyy, Kayla. I know you from your studygram :))

@redpillpusher

3 жыл бұрын

don't worry you won't be around besides way before heat death occurs the Milky Way and our neighboring galaxy Andromeda will collide and our spec of a solar system will be no more. so don't fret ;)

@PsychShrew

3 жыл бұрын

@@redpillpusher I doubt that. There's a uniqueness to our home system and should humanity exist by then (and I very much expect it should) we ought to have the technology and infrastructure to keep such an important star safe.

@austinedeclan10

3 жыл бұрын

You won't live long enough for it to become a problem so relax

I finally understand, after so many videos and articles - now, the clumped energy of my frustration has been dispersed! Thank you!

@pdaddy_

4 жыл бұрын

It would be very nice if there was a universal law that said frustration would always tend to become dispersed. It seems the opposite may be true.

@sandeepmandrawadkar9133

3 жыл бұрын

😄

@miltonjohn9731

3 жыл бұрын

Check Out our Video on Entropy!! kzread.info/dash/bejne/on97yqVrd67WnZs.html

I just recently purchased a Sterling Engine model (and a Tensegrity Table) to Science educate my grand-kids (they'll face challenges greater than I've faced, and I'll be 'gone' in 20-30 years, optimistically). In the course of exploring, THIS post was suggested... and I've shared. Thank you!! I feel it was brilliantly explained and worthy of interest. Just sitting on a train, in a station, not moving yet... and an 11 minute compilation of Brilliance I just discovered when I needed it.

You make complex subjects simple and fascinating . I can’t ask for more than that.

05:27 to 06:10 bookmark for myself to keep revisiting the definition

@seanleith5312

2 жыл бұрын

The CO2 pseudoscience is so spread that even a guy have a channel talking science parroting CO2-global warming nonsense. It is sad to see so many people not using their head, taking the liberal media's position as truth.

@aidenlilley1319

2 жыл бұрын

@@seanleith5312 Hello! You've reached the KZread Reply Hotline. Please press 1 for troll, 2 for idiot, or 3 for joke.

@Potatomatoo

2 жыл бұрын

@@aidenlilley1319 3

@mattn.8941

2 жыл бұрын

@@seanleith5312 I feel bad for people like you who can't understand very basic science concepts. The truth of the matter is that some materials absorb infrared radiation (heat) better than others. That's a well established fact. For example, CO2 absorbs infrared radiation much better than nitrogen or oxygen. This can result in heat from the sun becoming trapped in the atmosphere as it bounces between the ground and CO2 in the air (in the form of infrared radiation). You can argue how much of an impact this has on the global climate, but here's another couple of well established facts. The Earth's temperature is rising, and the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is rising as well. The heat-trapping I mentioned is evidence that they aren't simply correlated. CO2 is causing a temperature increase.

@fubisroc9673

2 жыл бұрын

@@mattn.8941 Your description has something mixed up. If the CO2 ABSORBS the infrared radiation (your first claim), then it is not "bouncing between the ground and CO2 in the air"...it's being absorbed by the CO2. If it's bouncing back & forth between the CO2 in the air and the ground (your second claim), then it's not being absorbed by ANYTHING (otherwise, there'd be nothing left to 'bounce'). Things that make you go "Hmmmmmm..."

"Entropy is a measure of how spread out your energy is." PERFECT!

I like the ping-pong ball box analogy, as it's also useful for explaining Chaos. You could fill the box with half red and blue balls in the same way, and use a machine to precisely shake the box, then note the position of the balls. Put the balls back in their half/half configuration, and repeat the exercise. The chances are the balls will settle into a different position every time, and you never effectively predict where the balls will land. This system is chaotic. Now I think that arguably, if the balls are set up precisely enough, and the box is maintained precisely enough, and the machine shakes precisely enough, and the temperature is precisely maintained, and it can be isolated from all external interference, perhaps you could predict the outcome of the test, and get the same result each time. However even the tiniest change in any factor will produce wildly different results, such that we cannot conceivably engineer such precise conditions to make the outcome predictable, even if we had an inconceivable amount of analytical computing power. That is chaos.

Yes! This is what am talking about. Entropy is increasing not about disorder it's about fair even distribution or spread out. And this also applies to abstract things, for example a high entropy random generator is well spread out evenly. A high entropy checksum is also well spread out that a small change in input make much of the checksum to change into any possible value.

Everyone else when the train isn't moving : Frustrated. Angry. Play games. Talks to someone Steve mould : "Hm... Time to teach kids what entropy really is"

This is the most intuitive video on thermodynamics I've ever watched. Thank you for finally making me understand what entropy is : )

I gave my Second Law lecture to my Freshman chemistry class this morning and that is exactly the way I say it too: increasing entropy is about spreading energy out. Our illustrations are at the molecular scale, but it always comes back to energy spreads out because states of the system that overwhelmingly most likely are those with the energy spread out.

Thanks, Steve! I had the basic idea, but you really brought it home for me. And that was a nice tie-in to the heat death of the Universe.

As far as I know, out of all entropy videos, only this one mentions why the concept of entropy was introduced and gives a clear reason as to why entropy always increases. You are doing god's work my man. AWESOME explanation. :)

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+Siddhant Chaudhari thank you :)

I watch this video before and after my thermodynamics class. Now I understand the video better but I have to say that you explain better than my professor!

@MrMambott

3 жыл бұрын

The problem with Professors is that they think everyone understands what they are talking about instead of realizing in comparison to himself they are all a class of Chimps sitting in front of him, this is why I couldn't learn Algebra at school, I do understand it now as a good mate that could explain things the way Steve Mould does actually taught me Algebra it in about 10 minutes when I was 28 lol.

@barakathiongo4835

3 жыл бұрын

@@MrMambott congrats on finally learning algebra

@miltonjohn9731

3 жыл бұрын

Check Out our Video on Entropy!! kzread.info/dash/bejne/on97yqVrd67WnZs.html

Recently found, and subscribed to, your channel. Good goodness but this is a much more reasonable definition of entropy. You've added a bit of happy to my world. Thanks, dude!

I have that engine plus another Stirling. Now I know how to introduce my grandkids to entropy. A great explanation that helps one visualize. My intro to entropy was in 1967 2nd year thermodynamics in a classical physical sciences program. The prof was really good but visual props were limited to spelling out Noel complete with the 2 dots over the e in a pre-Christmas review of various equations

I've always disliked "disorder" as a description for entropy, When energy distribution is homogenized, with everything spread out evenly, that's about as orderly as anything can get.

@Mezmorizorz

5 жыл бұрын

I don't like the disorder definition because it's easy to misconstrue and doesn't do a good job of giving someone an intuitive explanation of entropy, but it is correct. There are more ways to create "identical" disordered states than there are ways to create "identical" ordered states, but at that point why aren't you just giving the actual and correct Boltzmann definition? It's really not that hard to understand. You can even use dice to explain it, there's only 1 way to roll a 2, but there's 7 ways to roll a 7. Entropy is defined as the the number of ways you can get a particular "big picture" measurement. When you randomly roll 2 dies, you're more likely to roll a 7 than a 2. Congratulations, you just described both what entropy is and why the second law happens with nothing more than something everyone has seen and addition. It's even easy to relate it to Shannon entropy from here. And after revisiting this video after a year, I still don't like it. Maybe it's useful for the way an engineer thinks about thermodynamics, but it's useless for how a chemist thinks about it. Give me the boltzmann definition and I can instantly see that solids are lower entropy than gases, but this one? That's not at all clear.

@spwicks1980

5 жыл бұрын

It works when you're learning the statistical mechanical derivation of the Boltzmann equation. It's how we learned it at university.

@cainmorano4956

5 жыл бұрын

It's a crappy description also because it's one word trying to represent a somewhat complex idea. I mean if someone asks you to define it you need to spend a little time explaining properly. If you are a professor standing at a chalk board you'd likely throw in some equations as well. And at the end of it, because as a society we have the attention of gold fish, we say something like, "Sooo... disorder?" And in frustration we say, "No, the answer is that thing I just took five minutes to tell you."

@ionlymadethistoleavecoment1723

5 жыл бұрын

Ron Arguelles that’s how it was explained to me as a kid.

@flameendcyborgguy883

4 жыл бұрын

@@Mezmorizorz Bouth is in same walue...

"You never see it in reverse" Me, an intellectual: *clicks rewind*

@IDMYM8

3 жыл бұрын

_Reality Can Be Whatever I Want_

@junkjunk2493

3 жыл бұрын

ok funny guy

@816Human

3 жыл бұрын

thats how the idea of tenet came

@souvikroy6237

3 жыл бұрын

😂😂 you are a genius

@miltonjohn9731

3 жыл бұрын

Check Out our Video on Entropy!! kzread.info/dash/bejne/on97yqVrd67WnZs.html

Really informative video, makes the concept of entropy so understandable. Thank you.

Thank you for explaining this so clearly!

And here we find our Hero Cpt. Mould struck by the insane desire to clear up a basic physics concept during his daily train commute.

@MegaBanne

7 жыл бұрын

This video explains thermodynamics wrong. It is obvious that Steve Mould doesn't understand the difference between temperature and thermal energy. If you have a material A with a very high thermal capacity next to a material B with a very low thermal capacity then A and B will try to reach the same temperature, but not the same energy dencity. So in other word you will find a huge gradient between the energy density of material A and B, even when they reach the same temperature. Lets say that material A is much more dence than B and both have the same bolume. This means that it is more likely that the energy will be transfered from B to A than from A to B. Because there is more mass in A than in B that can hold on to the energy. So in the end it is all about probability. It is more probable that the energy will be transfered to the material of high thermal capacity than the one with low thermal capacity. The most probable balance of energy depends on the laws that governs the universe. In the case of two simple materials like this it is governed by the laws that define the property of different materials. In a hypothetical case our universe could be governed by laws that we may not allready know of; very complex laws that states that our universe is allready existing in thermal equalibrium.

@Jimmy4video

7 жыл бұрын

Electro-Cute high energy density doesn't mean it will transfer more energy to a material of lower energy density at the same temperature, it just means it has more energy states accessible to store energy. Two touching materials at the same temperature will have an even energy transfer in a closed system no matter what their heat capacity is. Their energy content will not converge unless the materials themselves decay into each other to form a homogeneous spread of atoms.

@MegaBanne

7 жыл бұрын

I know that, it was allso kind of my point. Temperature is a thermodynamical perspective on a very simplified system. What the guy in the video said was that the systems will reach equal thermal energy distribution (or at least that is how I interpreted it). But that is only true for few special cases.

@andrewrobertson444

7 жыл бұрын

The context of the discussion and accompanying diagram make it clear that he is talking about two identical slabs of the same metal. He could, of course, divert to say that the thermal energy distribution would be different for slabs of different material but that would be unnecessary for this discussion (he's not talking about the relationship of thermal energy and temperature) and make the discussion overly complex.

@Mezmorizorz

4 жыл бұрын

@@andrewrobertson444 I don't agree that this is obvious, and even if it was how does this explanation explain what happens when the two metals aren't the same? That's not at all obvious to me, and at this point I've had about two years of thermodynamics classes ranging from gen chem to graduate level statistical mechanics. I don't see how someone who is totally ignorant of the topic is supposed to arrive at reasonable conclusions from it. But really, the most damning thing is that this video simply isn't an explanation for entropy. What he is describing is not entropy. He is describing a consequence of the concept of equally probable microstates that happens to work well for the few systems he described and few others.

Probably your best video yet. Very well explained, with great examples. Great job Steve! Waiting for the next. :)

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+Dragos Puri thank you! I really like doing these explainer videos. Will do more I think.

@VictorAndScience

7 жыл бұрын

I agree! This was beautifully explained. I am so glad I'm not the only one in conflict with the conventional definition of entropy.

@Kreativproz

7 жыл бұрын

Please do, they're great, this is my first time watching you(apart from brady's videos), and out of all the videos I watched on entropy(because I had difficulty accepting it) yours was THE BEST, even better than MITOCW.

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

Thank you Varad. Really appreciate comments like this.

@MegaBanne

7 жыл бұрын

This video explains thermodynamics wrong. It is obvious that Steve Mould doesn't understand the difference between temperature and thermal energy. If you have a material A with a very high thermal capacity next to a material B with a very low thermal capacity then A and B will try to reach the same temperature, but not the same energy dencity. So in other word you will find a huge gradient between the energy density of material A and B, even when they reach the same temperature. Lets say that material A is much more dence than B and both have the same bolume. This means that it is more likely that the energy will be transfered from B to A than from A to B. Because there is more mass in A than in B that can hold on to the energy. So in the end it is all about probability. It is more probable that the energy will be transfered to the material of high thermal capacity than the one with low thermal capacity. The most probable balance of energy depends on the laws that governs the universe. In the case of two simple materials like this it is governed by the laws that define the property of different materials. In a hypothetical case our universe could be governed by laws that we may not allready know of; very complex laws that states that our universe is allready existing in thermal equalibrium.

Really enjoyable complete video answering all my questions. I just discovered this channel and I like it very much

Always watch Steve's videos until the very end. Don't ever leave the video thinking it's basically over.

@brindlekintales

10 ай бұрын

Or a kitten will die.

This is the first satisfying explanation I've heard. Thank you!

@MegaBanne

7 жыл бұрын

It is actually wrong.

@ashes2ashes3333

7 жыл бұрын

Electro-Cute why is it wrong?

@d3str0i3r

7 жыл бұрын

it is only over simplified

@MegaBanne

7 жыл бұрын

+Ashwin Singh He says that the energy will evenly spread out and never clump together, which is not true. Temperature and energy is not the same. If you have a piece of mettal next to piece of wood, both with the same temperature, then no net energy will transfer from one of the materials to the other. But there will still be much more energy clumped up with in the piece of mettal. The laws of the universe governs the nature of how energy transfer and organizes it self. Thermodynamics gets aplied to these laws that we have come up with. This allso paints up a world where the laws of universe are very simple at a microscopic level. But that doesn't have to be the reality. It could hypothetically be as intresting laws that governs the macro- and larger- scope of the universe as the onese governing the microspoe of the universe. Just that we have not noticed it yet. I mean does these very simplified asumptions about the nature of thermodynamics aply to the realm of quantumphysics? If the laws of the universe are much more complex and dynamic than what we think then we could hypothetically exist in the "heat death" right now (a much more exciting heat death). That is what thermodynamics says.

@user-js8jh6qq4l

7 жыл бұрын

Electro-Cute look up "heat equilibrium". The definition he given works if we assume that system is infinitely close to heat equilibrium.

My takeaway from this: that is one cool toy and I’m gonna order one 😁

@satyamdudhagara3444

2 жыл бұрын

Lol same 😂

@WanderTheNomad

2 жыл бұрын

5:51

@satyamdudhagara3444

2 жыл бұрын

@@WanderTheNomad bro we understood but its like that interested us more haha

@SassyTesla

2 жыл бұрын

it's actually a kit, so you also have to build it. it's made by kontax i believe, out of germany. they're not cheap but they are neat. big recommend from me, i run mine on a cup of coffee for guests

@drazicmilosovic1065

2 жыл бұрын

@@SassyTesla here we are in the future - my wife bought me one as a gift - yes I built it - and your coffee idea is being put into effect right now. It’s the gift that keeps on giving 😁...

I wish some had made this kind of video when I was in my school struggling to get physics in to my head......I cant thankyou enough for this video......Simply superb

Happy to have bumped into you. I enjoyed this video a lot. Thank you. ❤

7:30 -- Here's a related question for you to consider answering perhaps! Solar panels have an efficiency measurement -- let's say they capture about 70% of the available energy from sunlight; the 30% which is "lost" is lost to entropy, in the form of the panels getting physically hotter in temperature despite the photo-electric potentials. Plants, via photosynthesis, manage to capture 98%... that's some fine negotiations with entropy, IMO.

@user-lv7ph7hs7l

4 жыл бұрын

Photosynthesis has a 3 billion year lead on solar panels. I bet solar panels will be pretty great in 3 billion years.

@DarkChasmGamers

4 жыл бұрын

Hey bro, I know this is old but where are you getting your stats from? From sun to stored energy, plants have about 3 to 6% efficiency. Solar panels are about ~20% efficient now. Perhaps you are mistakenly referring to the % yield of one of the reactions involved

@markchinguz4401

4 жыл бұрын

@@DarkChasmGamers this man is right. Plants aren't that good at photosynthesis (all types of photosynthesis) Source: plant biology

My favorite definition of entropy cames from Shannon which roughly is the amount of information of a system, or how much you can compress information in a system. This is also consistent with the entanglement network we have as our reality, and its information increase over time attempting to "write" information on its state.

@MrTkharris

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. There is a great story about that. I think it was von Neuman who suggested that they call that Shannon's phenomena Entropy because of the similarity to the equations of (mechanical) entropy. So Shannon Entropy was discovered later and was only called Entropy as an analogy. But really it is more fundamental I think. You can explain thermodynamic Entropy in terms of Shannon Entropy but you can't really explain Shannon Entropy in terms of thermodynamic Entropy.

Very late to this video as I discovered this channel only 2 days ago but damn, this was one of the best explanations of entropy I've watched/read. Subscribed!

Such videos make me fall in love with science again and keep me motivated So yeah I'm thankful I found your channel 😀

Great explanation! Another fun tidbit is that "entropy" is also used to describe how much information is encoded in something. This seems counter-intuitive at first when compared to the heat death of the universe, but it makes sense if you compare it to Steve's example of the balls in the box. For example, your hard drive is in a more orderly (less entropy) state when it's empty and all the bits are zeroes; when you fill it with data it has more information but you also can't easily predict if any given bit is a zero or a one (more entropy). James Gleick has a great book on this for those with some "temporal entropy" to kill.

@belisarian6429

Жыл бұрын

Indeed, I heard something similar when talking about compression of data. In short more you compress data, more you are reducing orderly, predictable parts, which means if you compress something to maximum then all you are left with is pure chaos.

Entropy is the property of energy to tend toward uniform distribution, rather than concentration. That's how I've always described it 🙂Great video!

@sathyayapa6134

5 жыл бұрын

But then why do some exothermic chemical reactions have decreasing entropy values?

@CalebJMartin

5 жыл бұрын

Sonic Reaper Some interactions result in less local entropy, but still tend toward the larger entropy of the universe. I believe he discusses that in the video 🙂

@fluent_styles6720

4 жыл бұрын

So basically diffusion

@Namerson

4 жыл бұрын

@@fluent_styles6720 Endothermic reactions happen (in terms of energy levels, there's lots of equivalent ways to describe them) because more energy levels become accessible to the products as the reaction progresses, outweighing those lost in the reactants due to the loss in temperature. So, overall theres an increase in entropy (which is the log of the available microstates). More specifically, the ratio of the partition functions of the products and reactants increases with temperature and so at some point the equilibrium will favour the product (there's also an enthalpic contribution due to the boltzmann factor, but that's less significant).

@ffccardoso

4 жыл бұрын

its not only a property of energy, you could use for information too... or whatever that has a statistical approach.

At a chem undergrad level, I have always spoken of dispersal of both energy AND matter - the latter being helpful in illuminating the mathematical calculation of gas expansion entropy and entropy of mixing for gases or liquids (and same idea applies to heat energy dispersal via black body radiation emission).

I remember in high school a girl in my physics class concluded half jokingly that everything would eventually end up as heat, and the teacher agreed. Never knew that it was called entropy tho... Cool video!

Excellent explanation! This video also touched on the difference between _temperature_ (a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules) versus _heat_ (which is the FLOW of energy). Basically, in order to perform work energy has to flow from a higher potential to a lower potential. This is ▲T (i.e.-temperature difference) in thermodynamics. Entropy is the energy "under" the ▲T that is not available to perform work. Enthalpy is the energy ABOVE the ▲T that is available to do work (technically enthalpy is the heat potential energy plus the pressure + volume potential that is available to do work). If you use the analogy of an hourglass (gravitational potential energy contained in sand particles), work is performed by the kinetic energy of the sand as it falls through the bottle neck [and say, turns a paddlewheel on its way through]. Enthalpy is the amount of sand in the top of the hourglass. Entropy is the amount of sand that has already fallen. The height of the hourglass is the potential (temperature). The volume of sand contained is the energy in the system. The size of the opening is the rate at which energy is transferred (heat). In real life you can never turn the hourglass "upside down" to start over. Once that potential energy is gone, it's gone.

@nonchip

Жыл бұрын

it's Δ "uppercase delta", not ▲"black up-pointing triangle", by the way ;)

@danh5150

Жыл бұрын

@@nonchip True that, sir! I just couldn't figure out how to type a proper uppercase delta using alt code. When I type Alt+235 it comes out lower case 'δ', even though it's supposed to be upper case. Alt+30 comes out '▲' for me. How are you typing that if you don't mind me asking? (I'm using a Windows PC)

@danh5150

Жыл бұрын

@@nonchip Afterthought: It probably would have been more correct if I wrote "pressure x volume potential" now that I re-read that as well; had to take some liberties trying to explain the idea without writing an equation. Oh well. ;o)

Steve you are so good at explaining difficult concepts! Could you do a video on pKa and pH please?

Thank you for such an awesome explaination about entropy , we learn in our high grades just about the definition, not knowing the actual meaning of it .

That was perfect. Please keep going to make more videos like this.❤

Aah how satisfying it is to here such a clear explanation of entropy. Nice work.

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+美琴御坂 thanks!

This has to be one of the best explanations for entropy I have heard so far!

Thanks for the clip! I've got a formal training in theor. physics including Ph.D., so I have learnt both the microscopic-statistical "measure of disorder" (correct but not easy to turn into useful calculation) as well as the thermodynamic, blackbox-process-motivated "state quantity that varies with dQ/T" (also correct, and more useful, but somewhat distant from getting an intuitive understanding). I keep struggling with forming an intuitive (yet quantitative and correct) grasp of entropy. Your clip helped, but I keep struggling. Energy is much easier in this respect. It's simply a conserved quantity.

This is a good illustration/explanation of Entropy from Maxwell's equation which is a macroscopic view of a system. The popular "chaos" view comes from a Boltzmann's statistical mechanics view of a system where "entropy" is an increase in the number of microstates of a system, aka "chaos". Both are correct but this view is zoomed out.

cool thought experiment: assume the universe is deterministic (law of concervation of information applies), press pause on the universe, play it backwards so that entropy will get lower, and displace a single atom somewhere. chaos theory will dictate that the cumulative effect of that displaced atom on that backwards running universe will cause an alternate progression of events where entropy ack goes up, but only to the objects where its influence has time to reach. hence, everything outside this luminar-speed bubble will run backwards and everything inside, will run normally. if you look at it from the outside, it will be a collapsing bubble where things are running backwards. bouncy balls will jump onto ledges, and coffee cups will unstir themselves until the bubble suface arrives!

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+dt28469 nice!

@rhysgeard8316

7 жыл бұрын

dt28469 j

@bunberrier

6 жыл бұрын

If I get rich enough to buy my own universe Im going to try this.

@timbeaton5045

6 жыл бұрын

DT28469. there is a potential issue with this time reversal anyway. there are simple configurations in newtonian kinematics, that are non-deterministic. Certain collisions between 3 (ideal) elastic collisions that are n-d. So reversing "time" would almost guarantee a different backward sequence.

Thanks, Steve. Definitely the most intuitively understandable definition of entropy I've heard. Good on ya for giving the Stirling engine company a shout-out without compensation. And finally, nice job decreasing entropy by filming your video at a time you were required to be sitting around waiting anyway. 💡

Saw many videos about sterling engine videos but your vid is best

Dear Steve, First of all, many sincere thanks for your efforts! ...By the way, ENTROPY is not only about particular engines/motors, etc. It is about principal impossibility of PERPETUUM MOBILE in general, according to Nicky Carnot. Now let us go... A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction and thus ought to be only restrictedly fruitful. B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are telling about Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but... You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry! 1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS. 2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY. 3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction. 4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot formalized by Clausius... 5. In effect, Gibbs Energy formula renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the Counteractions (the Entropic term). 6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with fork.🧐

Well I'm really glad this video came in my suggestions page, I'm in love with your channel, the video was perfectly executed, brilliantly explained. Great video and well, you just earned yourself a new subscriber :)

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+Gautam Passi thank you :)

@gautampassi3863

7 жыл бұрын

Steve Mould Whoa! Wait a second? Are you "The Steve Mould"? The Mould Effect is named after you right? I just realised that, that's seriously cool. I've watched your several videos, and you're doing a great job. Really glad came across your channel. what more effects you've in you mind to be named after you? :D

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

Thanks Gautam! Always looking for the next Mould Effect :)

Explained so well and I didn’t have to work to stay focused like so many of these videos!

The best analogy for entropy I love is that it’s easy to break a glass than to put it together. Every time I hear the word entropy that comes to mind

Thanks for sharing this video, very well explained the entropy.🙏

Now that I finally understand entropy I can say I'm lazy because I don't want the universe to die faster.

@ernjdasdd

2 жыл бұрын

reset*

@John_Weiss

2 жыл бұрын

Welcome to the Negentropy Alliance! [Look up "Orion's Arm" "Negentropy"]

Cool ! A good demonstration for non physicists. No confusion, no philosophical considerations : just definition and good interpretation. Clausius and Boltzman concepts simply and methodically explained. Nice !

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+François Cauneau thank you!

@TurdFurgeson571

5 жыл бұрын

He totally blasts you with a deep philosophical argument near the end. "An argument can be made that time itself is a statistical phenomenon." If that doesn't get your Stirling engine warmed up I don't know what will.

A few observations First, there are more sources of energy than fossil and solar. (Fossil being basically stored solar) There's also nuclear decay and lunar (tidal). These have nothing to do with solar energy, to my understanding. Second, there's more than one way for all the red balls to be on one side and blue balls on the other. For example, red ball #1 and red ball #2 could swap places. I guess it would be a permutation of the number of red balls and the number of blue balls, which explains why if there are only 2 red and 2 blue, there's a decent chance that all the blue will be on one side and all the red on the other.

This is one of the most helpful videos I have ever seen!! Thank you!

will definitely be getting a wee sterling engine for my shelf!

What always confused me about the common definition of entropy is that to me it makes more sense that evenly spread particles and energy is more orderly than the clumps of energy. This definition of "increase in the spread of energy" makes much more sense to me.

@iamtheiconoclast3

Жыл бұрын

Yes!! The popular use of "chaos" and "order" always seemed entirely backwards to me.

@bennettpalmer1741

Жыл бұрын

@@iamtheiconoclast3 The rationale has more to do with "information" than "order". If all the particles are in a single corner of the room, you can describe the system with something like "1000 particles are in a square in the bottom left corner of the room with a distance of 1 unit between each". That's a single sentence which you can use to determine the exact location of every single particle in the room. If they are spread out throughout the room, you must give precise coordinates for every single particle individually, which in this example would be 1000 sentences long, to achieve the same level of knowledge. You require more information to fully describe high entropy systems than low entropy systems, and in that sense they are "disordered".

This is an amazing explanation. Thank you a lot!

Very beautifully explained and presented. Thank you very much.

This video should be titled "THE best description of entropy" :) thanks for it. It really helped me understand entropy

I strongly recommend to watch the 3 brown 1 blue video on the heat equation.

The "hot water bottle" really got me as an American and I can only hope you would find joy in my American accent as well. Awesome video. Thoroughly enjoyed.

Hi Steve. Thank you for always posting interesting content. This had my attention from start to finish. I have just one issue with your final thought. A closed container with the content at equilibrium will still have random movement and snapshots of the distribution of atoms would change over time. I think that time would continue even after equilibrium is reached. I might be wrong though. 😅

The real question is not why entropy increases but how the universe was able to be created from Entropy itself

@antonystringfellow5152

4 жыл бұрын

That one-in-a-gazillion chance. Incredibly unlikely does not equal impossible. It's not exactly an every-day event.

@ffccardoso

4 жыл бұрын

@@antonystringfellow5152 only if you assume infinity time!

@boogathon

4 жыл бұрын

@@ffccardoso ...and space.

@pecfree

4 жыл бұрын

Come on man. Either gravity or electric forces, started getting shit together. Formed s black hole and then a black asshole. Bang, clampped universal turd energy

@CamAlert2

3 жыл бұрын

This is why the big crunch hypothesis makes most sense to me

Who is here after the overly complicated TED-Ed video of entropy?. This is by far the best explanation I've seen. Thanks for the video.

Awesome video! Love the explanation, makes you think about renewables. Energy from the sun also creates the wind etc. Not sure how tidal fits in though, if we use too much tidal energy will the moon fall to earth ?

An actually good explanation of entropy. Thank you 🙏

I've always used a cup of coffee as an example of energy & entropy. You pour cold creamer into hot coffee, and the creamer will appear to distribute it's self through the coffee until it reaches equilibrium. This will not work if the coffee and creamer are the same temperature.

@Nothing_serious

7 жыл бұрын

Tony Tuite For me I think of two spheres connected by a tube with a lot of balls on one sphere which represents the energy and they randomly move around and over time it will eventually fill up the second sphere and since it has much more space then it has much more probability of the balls ending up in there until they reach a state where both spheres have the same probability of the balls ending up on either of them.

@tedsimmons4756

7 жыл бұрын

But entropy could actually decrease in the open system of the coffee cup if enough heat is lost to surrounding air.

@Nothing_serious

7 жыл бұрын

TJ Simmons Yes because a coffee cup is not a true closed system. It's merely an analogy

@Mezmorizorz

7 жыл бұрын

But creamer does distribute itself throughout the coffee assuming the same temperature...

@Dendroapsis

6 жыл бұрын

For me it was similar, but the example we used was milk... because we're not savages

I didn't know what entropy was until I watched this video.. Thanks Steve!

This is the best explanation of the law conservation I've heard. Thanks

My stepfather owns a hunting cabin in the woods with an old cast iron stove. To get smoke and steam out while cooking, he has a sterling engine which fits into one of the holes in the stove. He positions the engine so it blows the steam out the window

Thank you I actually understood this. I've always thought that entropy was energy spreading out but then I heard the definition of disorder and chaos and I got really confused.

Thanks for the video! I've never understood why a more entropic state is described as more disorderly? Isn't the universe in more 'order' with energy more equally distributed? To me, clumping energy together seems more like the chaotic state of the universe. The universal heat death is when everything is evenly spread out and in order.

@rolfstalker2986

2 жыл бұрын

That confuses me as well, but I guess I do consider my home more in order when my stuff is concentrated in a few spots than when everything is "distributed evenly" across the place 🙂

Probably the best video on entropy.

What a kind, simple and entertaining way to explain things. Thank you, enjoyed it :)

0:30 What is entropy? 3:20 How does a stirling engine work?

@PrototypeSpaceMonkey

3 жыл бұрын

10:45 Where can I get one?!

No beaker, but at least you've tried :)

@SteveMould

7 жыл бұрын

+LittlePeng9 I had to work with what was on the train :)

@Unearthly_Child_

7 жыл бұрын

LittlePeng9 DOOOWEEEOOOOOOOOOHHHHHHH

@midiathesimos

6 жыл бұрын

Beaker wasn't a terribly good scientist, so better not to use him. Actually, neither was Professor Bunsen Honeydew... meep

Time IS a statistical phenomenon. It is an external application devised to help us gauge change. Entropy is a descriptor of change, time is a measurement of change. All things that give the appearance of time are more easily described action/reaction. Entropy is a closer representation of what we need to define as time.

so like a chemical reaction. an independent and dependent variable. that was a very thoughtful way of explaining entropy

I've watched this like 30 times now

@shivanshtiwari6794

3 жыл бұрын

Kyun ek baar main samajh nahi aaya🤣

wow who would have thought a fungus could teach better physics than community college professors

@samk6042

4 жыл бұрын

derp derpina xD has to look at his name twice to get this

@ncedwards1234

4 жыл бұрын

@@samk6042 Oh that makes more sense, I thought it was supposed to mean that he is a fungi.

@NilesBlackX

4 жыл бұрын

Probably community college students

@miltonjohn9731

3 жыл бұрын

Check Out our Entropy Video!! kzread.info/dash/bejne/on97yqVrd67WnZs.html

We need more of this series!

“… Time is a statistical phenomenon”. Frankly speaking, we’re so bound by our own and applied reasoning and meaning. The sentences we form and the words accompanying it can make our understanding, while also giving us a perspective without seeing the whole picture. However doing so unknown to us, we can’t place ourselves in another perspective without even knowing that perspective…