Sony Data Discman: The First eBook Reader!

Ғылым және технология

In the early 1990s, plenty of people didn't even own computers yet -- but that didn't stop Sony from trying to take books into the digital realm.
Sources:
"Portable Data Discs," Popular Mechanics, January 1992.
Data Discman photo pool on Flickr: www.flickr.com/groups/1882912...
Electronics Boutique catalog scan: huguesjohnson.com/scans/ebspr...
Data Discman DD8 authoring software: www.robotsandcomputers.com/com...
---------------------------------------­------------------------------------
Please consider supporting my work on Patreon: / thisdoesnotcompute
Follow me on Twitter and Instagram! @thisdoesnotcomp
---------------------------------------­------------------------------------
Music by Epidemic Sound (www.epidemicsound.com).
Intro music by BoxCat Games (freemusicarchive.org/music/Bo....

Пікірлер: 143

  • @agallow
    @agallow Жыл бұрын

    The idea of storing eBooks on CDs is so retro yet futuristic. I love it!

  • @GeomancerHT

    @GeomancerHT

    Жыл бұрын

    A new technology that allows to write data directly on rectangular paper cards would be amazing haha maybe a small dot printer and you just QR the entire thing, I would totally have thousands of tiny paper-ebooks

  • @tarstarkusz

    @tarstarkusz

    Жыл бұрын

    Retrofuturism is dumb. It was always dumb. It was always based on bad ideas. "Futurists" get everything wrong every time.

  • @zul5665

    @zul5665

    Жыл бұрын

    Too true.

  • @SuicideJones

    @SuicideJones

    Жыл бұрын

    "a stack of printed pages twice the height of the empire state building".. the people that killed this are the same people that sue school boards for photocopying textbooks when there aren't enough..

  • @Raguleader

    @Raguleader

    Жыл бұрын

    For a while Baen would include CDs loaded up with eBooks of many of their older titles along with other content like cover art and audiobook samples in their first-edition hardcopies. They found that when they included an older title this way, it would often boost sales for that title. I got the entire Honor Harrington series up through the tenth book this way. I don't know if they still do that, but they do have a section of their online bookstore dedicated to free eBooks, especially of older titles.

  • @vylbird8014
    @vylbird8014 Жыл бұрын

    I remember ebooks in the 2000s. We downloaded them from secret places in IRC, and the p2p networks. Had to - there was no legal source for ebooks back then. We had teams of pirates working on scanning, OCRing and proof-reading books. I was a proofer.

  • @janusu
    @janusu Жыл бұрын

    I'm a big Utada Hikaru fan. Was so pleased to see her single used for the music demo!

  • @ukozi
    @ukozi Жыл бұрын

    I've noticed over the last few months you've dropped the CTA's at the end to like/subscribe etc. I'm not sure what brought you to make that decision and I hope it's not having a crazy effect on the algorithm - but it's *damn* nice to just hear the outro music. Great video as always!

  • @ThisDoesNotCompute

    @ThisDoesNotCompute

    Жыл бұрын

    It's 2023 -- pretty much everyone knows how KZread works at this point ;-)

  • @DangerousPictures

    @DangerousPictures

    Жыл бұрын

    I (and many others) use an addon called sponsorblock that automatically skips all the unnecessary parts of a video like the CTAs, VPN ads and stuff like that because, like colin said, people should know how youtube works and its just annoying to hear the same sentence over and over again :)

  • @JeskidoYT

    @JeskidoYT

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@DangerousPicturesthere are many MANY KZreadrs however that integrate call to action as graphics in videos. Maybe that could be a good compromise?

  • @RealAndres143

    @RealAndres143

    Жыл бұрын

    Hi ! I am new to KZread , Do I paid to subscribe to your channel? If so, how much does it cost?

  • @Kalvinjj

    @Kalvinjj

    Жыл бұрын

    As a bonus, this makes the video both timeless and platform agnostic. It turns it into just another documentary, which is very welcome.

  • @GaviotaSteampunk
    @GaviotaSteampunk Жыл бұрын

    I'd never heard of this intermediary format between the CD and the Minidisc. Old Sony was the best Sony.

  • @3rdalbum

    @3rdalbum

    Жыл бұрын

    It's not an intermediary format, it's just a CD - only smaller in diameter with a corresponding reduction in capacity.

  • @kaitlyn__L
    @kaitlyn__L Жыл бұрын

    That second one bears a striking resemblance to the description (and some illustrations) of the titular Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy!

  • @deletedaccount175
    @deletedaccount175 Жыл бұрын

    I can see a market for long lasting apocalypse technology. I've watched your videos for a while, and like with my own retro hunting, a lot is beyond repair. A device with modern parts designed to last that can be easily exchanged as modules or something, might sell really well to technology buyers and doomsday preppers alike

  • @10p6
    @10p6 Жыл бұрын

    The Sony units may have been listed as the first dedicated hardware for electronic books, but one could get electronic books for devices like the 'Atari Portfolio' numerous years earlier.

  • @exklimexklim
    @exklimexklim Жыл бұрын

    Sony did changed the tech industry and they were leaders on product design way out of its time. But everyone has to remember that Sony didn’t make money from their products but their patents, like the CD/DVD/BlueRay and more. Would be nice if you make a video about the history of Sony, they became to what they’re today.

  • @devikwolf
    @devikwolf Жыл бұрын

    Really love that low-key outro, repacking the box. Great visual style. Thanks for all the vids through the years.

  • @rakseiify
    @rakseiify Жыл бұрын

    I remember some of my classmates at the intensive Japanese course I took before entering to the university having these kinda devices but a little bit more advanced, with USB functionalities and a neat crystal display working as a pad to draw japanese characters with a plastic pen. Because i couldn't stand the unreadability of these screens I just took the easier route: bought a galaxy note one (yes the first one) and installed every japanese learning app i found back then.

  • @MasticinaAkicta
    @MasticinaAkicta Жыл бұрын

    Ah old tech, beautiful isn't it. These "in between" solutions are something else. I think one problem is just how small the screen is. Sure this is for the rich and the offices. But, what if they had a bigger screen one, one that was a bit sturdier build, for schools... how long could the format last then?

  • @volvo09

    @volvo09

    Жыл бұрын

    Yeah, you can tell it isn't marketed at people like me, just by looking at the ads for software... Wine directory's, etc...

  • @SnakebitSTI

    @SnakebitSTI

    Жыл бұрын

    A low contrast, unlit LCD seems like an awful way to read a book.

  • @gregx5096

    @gregx5096

    Жыл бұрын

    One thing that my indirect experience with educational technology has shown me is that they frequently have limited interest in cutting-edge technological solutions to anything, particularly when common and/or better-performing solutions exist - especially when they are much cheaper. Even with industrial-grade hardening, the reading experience on this would be pretty limited in scope, not to mention expensive and terrible on the eyes

  • @td4dotnet
    @td4dotnet Жыл бұрын

    Another great video on my favourite era of Sony products love this stuff thanks Colin!

  • @AlanMillerFencepost
    @AlanMillerFencepost Жыл бұрын

    Any chance the first unit with 6xAA was unhappy with the lower voltage of NiMH rechargeable batteries instead of alkaline?

  • @stinkygoon9874

    @stinkygoon9874

    Жыл бұрын

    yea i was thinking the exact same thing

  • @headlessmike

    @headlessmike

    Жыл бұрын

    I had the same thought. A lot of my older devices will not run properly with NiMH cells while working fine with alkalines.

  • @michaelturner4457

    @michaelturner4457

    Жыл бұрын

    Screen failure is a very common problem with those early Data Discman players. It still seemed to be powering on and reading the CD, and was probably still usable with the composite video-out connected to a monitor. Which Colin didn't try in this video. Techmoan also made a video about Sony Data Discmans, and his early examples also had non-functioning screens, but worked with a monitor connected

  • @OscarFowler

    @OscarFowler

    Жыл бұрын

    I assumed he would try using the composite output to see if anything came up that way.

  • @SnakebitSTI

    @SnakebitSTI

    Жыл бұрын

    In theory it shouldn't be an issue, since electronic devices like this should have power supply circuitry to handle a range of input voltages. In practice, I don't know.

  • @rafadono
    @rafadono Жыл бұрын

    Hikaru Utada on the Audio CD! I love her music

  • @allentoyokawa9068

    @allentoyokawa9068

    Жыл бұрын

    Me too!

  • @IRONSILVER22
    @IRONSILVER22 Жыл бұрын

    Well done! Great product shots!

  • @japhyriddle
    @japhyriddle Жыл бұрын

    Video out?! Did you try it out with the first machine? Kinda defeats the purpose of an eReader, but it would at least let you know if the first unit had a working drive. I'm also curious if they added any color to the video output, or just left it monochrome.

  • @Dan-TechAndMusic

    @Dan-TechAndMusic

    Жыл бұрын

    There is a video by Janus Cycle on KZread that shows the video out. It is indeed just monochrome. Which is the better choice even despite it being lower cost, because monochrome composite signals are far cleaner and thus easier to read. Color video takes more bandwidth, and that's why color composite signals are far lower quality, as more needs to be crammed down the same single wire.

  • @stevendenthead2158
    @stevendenthead2158 Жыл бұрын

    Finally somebody is doing a video on these! They're so cool!

  • @sirkyoj1
    @sirkyoj1 Жыл бұрын

    I was hoping to tear down and repair the first broken one. I love the design! I have the discman dvd player. Still works!

  • @8BitNaptime
    @8BitNaptime Жыл бұрын

    Love it. I remember seeing these and subsequent models in the same store I went to spend every last penny on MiniDisc stuff.

  • @teekay_1
    @teekay_1 Жыл бұрын

    I have one of these still in the box. it was pretty interesting at the time.

  • @Vulioll
    @Vulioll Жыл бұрын

    OK the Utada disc was simply beautiful!

  • @keiiko
    @keiiko Жыл бұрын

    This could've been awesome product if it was released as ebook/audiobook device. One could have whole book and audio version of it on one CD (sure, using mpeg compression)

  • @BilisNegra

    @BilisNegra

    Жыл бұрын

    Well, the release of the first model in Japan predates any kind of MPEG compression by a year and a half, and product development must have taken place like a couple of additional years prior, so...

  • @Ricelord4
    @Ricelord45 ай бұрын

    Utada Hikaru - Automatic. Nice choice of music for the Sony Data Discman haha

  • @jimmiles33
    @jimmiles33 Жыл бұрын

    My cat loves your videos. 🐈‍⬛

  • @veritac
    @veritac Жыл бұрын

    One interesting thing is that Sony has its own online bookstore today and works with PSN account you can read on smartphone, PC, and even some of books, PS Vita.

  • @xsleep1
    @xsleep1 Жыл бұрын

    Another piece of tech I was completely unaware of.

  • @poble
    @poble Жыл бұрын

    6:20 aw hell yeah, hikaru utada. one of my favorite artists lol

  • @dudemetoo2053
    @dudemetoo2053 Жыл бұрын

    Great production value. You need your own cable show 👍

  • @polaris911
    @polaris911 Жыл бұрын

    I like the idea of putting a small CD in a floppy disk sleeve

  • @bryans8656
    @bryans8656 Жыл бұрын

    My first ebook reader was a Toshiba Pocket PC, a nice little device with more functionality than the Sonys you showed.

  • @mansonm2
    @mansonm26 ай бұрын

    wow no other words thanks for this video, by from Ardea Italy

  • @MartinWolves
    @MartinWolves Жыл бұрын

    Hi Colin, I've found that some 90's portable equipment are not happy with rechargeable batteries. A Sharp minidisc I have (IM-D400) will only record with standard batteries but will play fine with rechargeables.

  • @DougDingus
    @DougDingus6 ай бұрын

    I was reading Cory Doctrow books converted to notes on my iPod Nano. People thought it was cray, cray.

  • @3800TType
    @3800TType Жыл бұрын

    As a Sony collector I still want one even though they're way cooler to look at than actually use...

  • @pendantblade6361
    @pendantblade6361 Жыл бұрын

    I just adore the aesthetic of 90s/20s tech.

  • @SpicyDirtREAL
    @SpicyDirtREAL Жыл бұрын

    Sony was always the pioneer in these strange but cool devices

  • @RetroBuiltGames
    @RetroBuiltGames Жыл бұрын

    love it

  • @Jamaniak
    @Jamaniak Жыл бұрын

    Man, Sony made some really cool quirky stuff back in the day.

  • @paolochicco7200
    @paolochicco7200 Жыл бұрын

    Utada Hikaru! Nice choice 😊

  • @FR4M3Sharma
    @FR4M3Sharma Жыл бұрын

    I miss physical media so much.

  • @CapTVchilenaShootingStarMax
    @CapTVchilenaShootingStarMax Жыл бұрын

    Hikaru Utada's Automatic is a great single.

  • @anon_y_mousse
    @anon_y_mousse Жыл бұрын

    I really miss those days of weird form factor tech. I wish that the caddie mechanism for containing optical discs had won out and stuck around, too.

  • @CF542
    @CF542 Жыл бұрын

    That middle non-clamshell unit reminds me of the Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy.

  • @razorsz195
    @razorsz195 Жыл бұрын

    I think the best way to describe them is "The book that fell asleep before you do"

  • @maniacaudiophile
    @maniacaudiophile Жыл бұрын

    I got two clamshell version with larger screen and slot-in CD mechanism... I'll need to dig it up when i get home.

  • @efixphoto
    @efixphoto Жыл бұрын

    The DD-8 clearly is the Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Did it come with a cover that says "Don't Panic"?

  • @jakeoreilly
    @jakeoreilly Жыл бұрын

    idk man i just love when a plastic square goes into a slot

  • @askjeevescosby2928
    @askjeevescosby2928 Жыл бұрын

    Can somebody answer a question for me. Why did they release music on full sized cds. I mean full sized cds have 470mb may have been a bit lower back then. But the mini cds would have had at the least 150 mbs. Each song is around 10 to 20 mbs so they should have been able to fit a entire cd onto a mini cd. Having music releases on mini cds instead of full sizes ones would have been far more convient. You could fit more of them in a case, they would take up less room on a shelf or cd case, they could have made the portable cd players a fraction of the size and would be able to fit in your pocket. Also battery life would be improved since they could use less powerful motors to spin the disk since it weighed less. They would save money on materials creating the players so their would have been more profit for the company or cheaper devices for the consumer. Also less material would be used on the cds and the cases they came in. For the average consumer using full sized cds makes no sence.

  • @bghoody5665
    @bghoody5665 Жыл бұрын

    Makes one wonder why, when ebooks did become a thing, Sony didn't attempt to jump back on the bandwagon. Maybe it was just a case of "Been there, done that and lost money." I've discovered over the years of watching videos by Techmoan and the like that Sony seems to have been willing to try their hand at just about any technical gadget just to see if it would sell or not.

  • @nikdog419
    @nikdog419 Жыл бұрын

    Ah, the "It's A Sony" branding. Miss those days.

  • @JoeWithTheGlasses
    @JoeWithTheGlasses Жыл бұрын

    “sometimes technology is ahead of the times” i feel like a lot of what Sony has done could be described like this

  • @rmcdudmk212
    @rmcdudmk212 Жыл бұрын

    Surprised Sony didn't try this with mind discs. Either was they were ahead of their time

  • @EastAngliaUK
    @EastAngliaUK Жыл бұрын

    Interesting item

  • @flp322
    @flp322 Жыл бұрын

    This looks less like an e-book reader, and more like an electronic dictionary with a CD reader slapped onto it. The title selection would seem to confirm as much. If you do a Google image search for ‘denshi jisho’ (Japanese for ‘electronic dictionary’), you’ll see a lot of these kinds of devices, just without the CD part.

  • @NeptuneSega
    @NeptuneSega9 ай бұрын

    This is basically the first verison of the Sony UMD for the PSP

  • @CityLifeinAmerica
    @CityLifeinAmerica Жыл бұрын

    Curious to see how the composite video out looked.

  • @praisegabrielonyumbe6409
    @praisegabrielonyumbe6409 Жыл бұрын

    This is one of the best ebook it' is very lightweight

  • @Markimark151
    @Markimark151 Жыл бұрын

    This was cool, ebooks on CDs, but optical media isn’t well suited for ebooks, since people move around a lot with books, and it’s not like the Kindle which are paperweight and don’t have much mechanical parts!

  • @zapod20
    @zapod20 Жыл бұрын

    These older devices can be sensitive to the input voltage, so the the use of rechargeable cells may not be appropriate.

  • @Kumimono
    @Kumimono Жыл бұрын

    Interesting and informative. I do wonder, with the audio CD, why does the case have, those, square holes in it? Just to save weight, while still being rigid?

  • @combusean
    @combusean Жыл бұрын

    No drawn out repairs of the first two? You can't be getting old on us now Colin?

  • @neccros007
    @neccros00711 ай бұрын

    My Dad holds a patent for an early eBook reader but the way they wrote up the patent, he got screwed out of royalties from anyone creating one after him.

  • @rich_edwards79
    @rich_edwards79 Жыл бұрын

    Loved Sony kit back in the day, but not their love of proprietary formats. If they'd done away with the entirely superfluous caddy and used full-sized CDs, they could have had a whole line of interchangeable audio / data Walkmans and made a fortune in hardware sales, especially as CDs were a (joint) Sony invention to begin with. Same goes for Minidisc tbh - you'd think they'd have learned their lesson with Beta! Still a cool product, but not at those prices (especially in 1990s dollars.)

  • @und4287
    @und4287 Жыл бұрын

    The LCD failing is apparently a somewhat common problem on that model of Data Discman

  • @megamanfan3
    @megamanfan3 Жыл бұрын

    Sony loves to get into the market of everything, except for automotives. 4:29 is usually caused by faulty contacts if I know these dot matrix screens.

  • @ldti
    @ldti Жыл бұрын

    Wasn't there a minidisc version of this, too? I think @techmoan showed it once...

  • @andresbravo2003
    @andresbravo2003 Жыл бұрын

    Good thinking. eBooks are a thing as we know it today for the Digital Age…

  • @brick6347
    @brick6347 Жыл бұрын

    I've always thought eBooks should've come out in 1890! Would've been really handy on a long voyage across the Atlantic... in 2023 I actually still prefer paper. Maybe I'm just a luddite? I don't really travel all that much, or far, so it's never been an issue for me to take one or two in the suitcase. But hey, that's just me. It's cool we can buy both now, everyone is happy!

  • @japhyriddle

    @japhyriddle

    Жыл бұрын

    I prefer reading text on paper and turning real pages. But I have to say that holding an eReader with one hand while lying down is pretty nice. Some larger books are kinda heavy, and keeping the pages open can tire out my fingers. Both mediums have strengths and weaknesses.

  • @richardludwig3673

    @richardludwig3673

    Жыл бұрын

    For me having an eReader (currently a Kindle Scribe) is like having an iPod - not that I’m going to listen to 1000 songs in a day, just access to choice when I want it depending on my mood. I usually have several books “in progress” at the same time (usually 1-2 professional development, 2-3 classics (Verne, Wells, Bradbury), history, Fiction, and humor). When I sit down to read (be it at home, outside, Starbucks, in the park, etc.) I don’t have to worry about not having a book to match my mood. Sometimes I will change moods a few pages in, then switch books at the end of the chapter. I would have to do a crazy amount of planning to make that happen with paper books! On the other hand, I also collect paper books (first editions, autographed) that mean something to me personally.

  • @Cyber_Horse_Studios87
    @Cyber_Horse_Studios87 Жыл бұрын

    [Flips a digital page] -INTENSE CD DRIVE NOISES-

  • @zdanee
    @zdanee Жыл бұрын

    Could the one with the broken screen work over the AV out?

  • @OtterlyInsane
    @OtterlyInsane Жыл бұрын

    Do you get video out from the first unit, which would verify the screen is the issue

  • @allentoyokawa9068
    @allentoyokawa9068 Жыл бұрын

    Sony is number 1

  • @MartinPittBradley
    @MartinPittBradley10 ай бұрын

    Someone more talented than me could turn that Gameboy-looking one into a cool deck

  • @mmpsp693
    @mmpsp693 Жыл бұрын

    Cool

  • @THEtechknight
    @THEtechknight Жыл бұрын

    Early 90s and Sony in the same sentence always leads to one outcome: Leaky caps. Thats likely whats going on with your other two units.

  • @pepealexandre
    @pepealexandre Жыл бұрын

    Cool.

  • @JapanPop
    @JapanPop Жыл бұрын

    三省堂辞典+宇多田ヒカル=90’s❤

  • @s8wc3
    @s8wc3 Жыл бұрын

    Surprised they didn't use MD

  • @discopot
    @discopot Жыл бұрын

    Sony used to be soo innovative

  • @Yang_Mulia
    @Yang_Mulia Жыл бұрын

    retro device is bizzare & cool it's look like you can launch a nuke from that thing

  • @daviddominguez6797
    @daviddominguez6797 Жыл бұрын

    0:17 anyone know what is that 3 button sega stick? a custom stick?

  • @BigDrewski1000
    @BigDrewski1000 Жыл бұрын

    A weird product, yet at the same time still oddly innovative for it's time. Textbook Sony in those days.

  • @A1N0
    @A1N0 Жыл бұрын

    I owned one of these. I remember that they were very slow. I had an encyclopedia disk if I remember. It was very basic,

  • @Gooberslot
    @Gooberslot Жыл бұрын

    I would have tried alkaline batteries in the 2nd one, just in case it needed more voltage to get the drive working.

  • @_2isnotavailable
    @_2isnotavailable Жыл бұрын

    Sony alway make people surprised by theirs products

  • @localixdots9698
    @localixdots9698 Жыл бұрын

    Спасибо очень интересный обзор

  • @theapplguy
    @theapplguy Жыл бұрын

    I’d be happy to take the ‘Religious-Material’ VGR Disc off your Hands!

  • @WAZIR007
    @WAZIR007 Жыл бұрын

    Send it to my mate Vince maybe he will try to fix it 😊

  • @Yesica1993
    @Yesica1993 Жыл бұрын

    I don't remember these at all!

  • @georgeh6856
    @georgeh6856 Жыл бұрын

    I assume the name "Bookman" was already trademarked.

  • @Planeta-Shelezyaka
    @Planeta-Shelezyaka9 ай бұрын

    Странно, как это я пропустил это видео. Столько информации за 9 минут, если б я так умел... но ничего. я запишу свое видео. как умею, но чуть с большим количеством информации и реквизитом.

  • @SuicideJones
    @SuicideJones Жыл бұрын

    that book of sermons wasn't from the year 2000, it was sub-titled '2000'.. religious books in general increased in publishing and sales up to but not through the year 2000.. that really was the end of print publishing.. it took 5 more years after Y2K for newspapers to 'fold' permanently.. no cottage industry, the religious publishing industry is huge.. you couldn't purchase a cd burner that would accomodate 3" discs nor could you acquire the 3" discs until about 2005.. funny enough, they no longer put standalone cd drives or any optical drives that could read 3" discs after 2005.. it really was the industry itself that screwed itself over.. i started getting cd business cards from people just when we could no longer load them in anything new.. the leading edge syndrome.. sony really should've pushed th emini disc format for these, and the memory stick.. instead, we have.. LL Cool J.. and that's it..

  • @SuicideJones

    @SuicideJones

    Жыл бұрын

    Ladies' Love Cool James never worked a 'real' job in his life.. every dollar came from Sony..

  • @SuicideJones

    @SuicideJones

    Жыл бұрын

    Chick used to print 'Chick Tracts' by the million.. there would be piles of them on the street.. worst literature i've ever read besides the KJVB.. unreadable, non-sensical, non-sequiters..

  • @Neucher
    @Neucher Жыл бұрын

    Why have a keyboard on an e reader ? Just for search?

  • @alibizzle2010
    @alibizzle2010 Жыл бұрын

    WE have Techmoan at home!

  • @AI-Hallucination
    @AI-Hallucination11 ай бұрын

    23 years ago ffs 😂

  • @Californiansurfer
    @Californiansurfer Жыл бұрын

    I have dv 8. Well it’s not perfect it’s for sale. Let me know. Downey California ❤❤❤

  • @A2theC
    @A2theC Жыл бұрын

    I wonder why they didn't use minidisc later on? 🤔 7:23 "it got weird quick" 😵‍💫 "religious" eww eject that 🙏📿 fun fact, I had a gameboy cartridge that was a pocket Bible around 1994

  • @charleshorseman55
    @charleshorseman55 Жыл бұрын

    It's not the laser that's failed, it's the disks themselves. Optical media has a shelf life.

  • @OldMan_PJ

    @OldMan_PJ

    Жыл бұрын

    You missed the part where he put the same disc in the other player and it worked fine.

  • @DoctorNemmo
    @DoctorNemmo Жыл бұрын

    Sony always shot themselves in the foot by trying to control both the hardware and storage market at the same time (remember Memory Sticks?). Greed was their downfall. They could have licensed the caddies and the cds for ebooks, and they could have sold millions of these units.

Келесі