Single Mode vs Multimode Fiber - We compare Single Mode v Multimode Fiber cables and the differences between them. Fibre optic cable is a very common aspect of most structured cabling installations. Crossing the correct type of optical fiber cable is imperative to the successful operation of your technology. In addition within those types you need to choose the correct category within that cable type bracket.
Singlemode Fiber
The terminology of a single mode fiber comes from the situation that is transmits a single mode of light down its cores. The transmission is via a laser from the transmitting device. A single mode of light its transported directly the core with minimal reflection within
The inner core is smaller than its counterpart for this reason and is referred to as 9/125. This is a 9 micron diameter core coated in a 125 micron cladding. Due to the transmission properties there is less dispersion of light as it travels along the core and therefore there is less loss of the original signal. Thus singlemode fiber is more suited to higher bandwidth requirements. Furthermore it is more suited to longer transmission distance applications.
Multimode Fiber
Multimode receives it names in an opposite way to its counterpart. Multiple / Many modes of light are transmitted down its core all of which travel are different wavelengths are in a different path. The light source is usually an LED source
Thus the light is similar to that of shining a torch into the core. Subsequently there is greater modal dispersion (Loss) of the light as it travels.
For this reason multimode doesn't have the same transmission distance capability as singlemode.
The cores in a multi-mode fibre are considerably larger than single-mode. 4 of the main categories are 50/125 and the legacy OM1 is 62.5/125. Notice that the cladding for all fibre cables remains the same and only the internal core size changes
The 5 categories of multi-mode fibre are
• OM1
• OM2
• OM3
• OM4
• OM5
Each category is an improvement on its predecessor. Therefore this results in a greater ability to transmit greater bandwidth. Further higher grades are able to transmit the same speeds as the previous grade but over longer distances.
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