This is potentially the most interesting video about a video game rock.

@TrumpCardMAGA

3 жыл бұрын

you my friend haven't seen indeimaus's top 10 rocks in Dark Souls... Edit: found the link: kzread.info/dash/bejne/aKKa1siDcaqnisY.html

@marverak

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah dude, rocks rock

@judsongaiden9878

3 жыл бұрын

Even better than "Top 10 Rocks in Borderlands!"

@WesleyFiles

3 жыл бұрын

The bosses in the game are video game rocks.

@countchokula2680

3 жыл бұрын

Im mad, not because youre wrong but because youre right.

This game will never die

@sonicofatlantis9982

3 жыл бұрын

I couldn't agree more.

@alberto9827

3 жыл бұрын

Legends never die.

@MinMin-sv5nz

2 жыл бұрын

@@alberto9827 league nerd

@alberto9827

2 жыл бұрын

@@MinMin-sv5nz Why league? I was talking from a Dark Souls 1 perspective.

@amnedits4898

Жыл бұрын

2022 and I’m still looking this game up 💀

There's most likely nothing left to find actually in the game... But the discoveries on the conceptual and metaphorical aspects of the game? The findings have been amazing... And it's impressive the devs kept that much rich information in secret.

@Intrepid_Explorer

3 жыл бұрын

There are still things that are left to be found! Recently a great number of discoveries have been made and are still happening, but you have to know where to look for information on them ;)

@zphoenix2922

3 жыл бұрын

@@Intrepid_Explorer like what ?

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

@@Intrepid_Explorer YOOOO, Intrepid Explorer is in the HIZZY.

@Intrepid_Explorer

3 жыл бұрын

@@zphoenix2922 I don't wish to say too much! But recently in the files of both the PS3 and PS4 version a number of significant beta files were uncovered, along with new evidence in the Sheets of the game (basically the code), pertaining to the Beta Colossi. Although more will come soon! I am planning on making a video addressing some of the many new revelations, not all of which were pulled from the bowels of this game's code, but possibly instead from the mouths of the people who created this game... ;)

@SimpleArt93

3 жыл бұрын

@@Intrepid_Explorer Ooh exciting stuff! I subscribed and turned on the bell icon, I can't wait to see your video :D

I like the theory whether it's true or not. Speculations like these fill the world of the game with more life. it gives the sense that, before we as the player get there, this place has had it's own bit of history that we can only try to understand.

@jonathanvogt4341

3 жыл бұрын

In all fairness there was something about a locked door, no one could figure it out, speculation etc...needless to say that someone, somehow discovered how to open the door after all hope of figuring it out was basically over, it ended up being a sword or something like that. I am sorry for the long explanation but the point is it took years and random chance to get it, with the ps4 remaster who knows what else has been put in on the sly!

@TheAlison1456

3 жыл бұрын

For more on that idea, see "Why Writers Don't Matter" by SavageBooks. Regardless, there's good reason to believe this was intentional.

@TheAlison1456

3 жыл бұрын

@Jonathan Vogt it wasn't random chance. The sword was The big secret in the **Remake**.

@Cloud-zx2mu

3 жыл бұрын

@@TheAlison1456 thanks for that recommendation, that video really expressed what i wanted to convey with this comment!

"It's not just a boulder; it's a rock! A great, big, beautiful, old rock"

"The most common example of a menhir is..." Me: Asterix comics, of course

@freshboy3968

3 жыл бұрын

Oobeliiix!

Fun theory, but surely it's more simple that in addition to the Nimrod reference, him being called Dormin is linked to the old French and Latin Dormir meaning "to sleep or rest" which indicates that he is in a state of enforced hibernation.

I study art history in college, so I immediately recognized the megalith structure. But I didn't know a lot of the facts you spoke about in this video. I find the architecture of SotC fascinating, and I'd love to study how they used real world sites in their art direction.

You know, normally when people come with video game theories about lore and it's symbolisms they often go out of hand and absurd very quickly but the way you do it is so refreshing and personally what it's more fascinating is that even if your theories on how all of this fits in the game could be wrong, the parallels you make with all the symbols are so interesting that I wouldn't dismiss it even if Ueda himself said that's all wrong

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks so much, Ricardo! If/when I do these videos, I only do them if there's enough evidence to warrant other people's attention. I never want to waste people's time.

Respect for going for the French pronunciations at 3:10! Great video

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

Je fais de mon mieux. ;)

Max, from all english speakers that I ever heard, you pronounced Eliade's name the best, congrats and keep it up! ;)

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

My ex-girlfriend was Romanian. ;)

The work and research you put into any of your videos is simply astonishing! Love it!

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

I try my best, brother. I don't want to put out anything but quality for you guys. :)

Amazing... Right when I'm studying a text of Micea E. for a Thesis Exposé. Keep the great work coming man!

Everything separately feels like a stretch, but all of the evidence put together makes a fairly convincing point. Really good theory, keep up the good work!

@weshansen7892

3 жыл бұрын

@@Tohru3608 hey man no offense, I ain't clicking any links you be copying and pasting multiple times

The throwing of rocks by giants reminds me of the Giants Causeway in Ireland. It is a natural structure, but still interesting and probably relevant.

@GrandDawggy

3 жыл бұрын

Giants causeway is in Northern Ireland witch is UK and not Ireland I know people find this confusing but it's the same as calling something Turkish but it's from Turkmenistan.

@everinghall8622

3 жыл бұрын

Hey what if all the people there are the ones who died to slay a giant. Spooky stuff.

@everinghall8622

3 жыл бұрын

Hey what if all the people there are the ones who died to slay a giant. Spooky stuff.

@shadowgiraffe7502

3 жыл бұрын

Speaking of Ireland there is also the neolithic portal dolmen of Newgrange in Boyne Valley. Predating Stonehenge and many other megastructures of the time.

@GrandDawggy

3 жыл бұрын

Newgrange looks super interesting I don't live far and really want to see it when it opens again

i would love to see you cover the old sotc giantology promotional campaign since not a lot of people are talking about it. You produce such quality content, this video is one of the example. You, sir, rocks!

This is what I love about Team Ico universe - is it's community. Team Ico can Frankenstein random, but beautiful landscapes/castles and the fans will Sherlock Holmes the heck out of its meaning. Normally, I'm against vague ending/story-tellling, but these developers do it so perfectly.

This game is just fascinating, every time I think we discussed all there is about this game I'm pleasantly surprised to see some new discovery or interpretation. The mark of true art.

@timmadone8930

Жыл бұрын

If we're really lucky, something very special will be planned for the 20th anniversary in 2025. Of course I'm hoping we will get a Definitive Edition of the game that like "Beyond The Forbidden Lands" will put back some if not all of the missing colossi, but with the visuals of the PS4 remake. And also full access to climb up to the very top of the main temple. Whatever happens, S.O.T.C. will continue to be discussed, scrutinized, studied, & played well into the future.

"SOTC will always be relevant" he says. Agreed.

@the_tired_shepherd7594

3 жыл бұрын

Press x to agree

@timmadone8930

Жыл бұрын

That certainly seems to be the case. The game is almost 20 years old & it's still being played, discussed, scrutinized, studied, with no end in sight. There will no doubt be even more to talk about when "Beyond The Forbidden Lands" finally makes it's debut. And with the 20th anniversary almost upon us, we might get treated to something very special from SONY/Bluepoint Games in celebration of the event. Let's keep our fingers crossed!

@jacobwright5542

Жыл бұрын

@@timmadone8930 Wait. . . "Beyond the Forbidden Lands". . . What is THAT?! The new GENdesign title!?

@timmadone8930

Жыл бұрын

@@jacobwright5542 It's a fan project to put the missing colossi back into the PS2 version of the game. It's designated for release on PC but from what I understand you will need a PS2 copy of the game in order to play. Not quite sure how it's all going to work but I'm sure we'll here more about that as the game gets closer to completion. This project has been covered by many KZreadrs including Max Derrat.

@jacobwright5542

Жыл бұрын

@@timmadone8930 Oh, cool. Thanks. I do a Google search for GENdesign/Fumito Ueda/team ICO about once per week in the hopes of learning something about their up coming game, so it would have been surprising if they had released it's title and I was unaware.

Well I'm certainly glad that people are still talking about this game and its great lore. I had already seen your previous videos on SOTC and also the one about the shared universe, and I have to say: great job! and thanks for sharing your theory.

Glad your still making content man. I was a sub from way back but you really caught my attention with your TOOL breakdown vids. Im a huge fan of them and have been to two of their concerts since May 2019. You go into depth on subjects on a level that few do on KZread. Kinda makes me feel positive because we share the same....way of thinking in life. That gives me hope in dealing with day to day anxieties. Just really saying thanks and hang in there. You do more good for ppl than you realize.

You're my favorite KZreadr Max, the first and probably only person I'll be willing to donate to. We love you!

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

I love you more, man. Don't forget that.

Whoa, when you got to the part about Basajaun I was sold. It's amazing that after 15 years of data mining, analysis and theories there is still stuff to find out about this game. Simply amazing.

As oogway would say: there are no accidents. Certain things just too much of a coincidence to simply overlook

Banging video, really glad to see this

Shadow of the colossus + Max Derrat!? Yes please!

Such an amazing game & an amazing analysis by an amazing KZreadr

As a Maltese SOTC fan, the last thing I expected was for my country and our history to be referenced in a video about one of my favourite games ever. Mad. Also, thanks for your evident effort to pronounce things correctly! Great work :)

This is really interesting man, funnily, this year i played Hades and SotC... I already got that hades has a lot of ties to eleusinian mysteries, but your videos on SotC mythology were really enlightening! Nice work my man

Love all of your work!!

Great video! Great research. this is probably my favorite game ever. If you can call it that, since it is clearly not just a videogame...

Dude I love your channel so much

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

I LOVE YOU SO MUCH

I had a thought: What if the legends of the giants in Malta and the Basque Country are transfigured depictions of Neanderthals or other extinct hominids? They would have been bigger and hairier than humans but still would have used tools and weapons and might have even built structures.

@ashenone3050

3 жыл бұрын

Yep they are called Jentil in Euskera, something like gentile in english, those giants it is said that they showed humans how to farm and how to work with metals, they are supposed to look like some kind of brown yeti

@akituga

3 жыл бұрын

This is the last place I would expect people to mention about Basque. Gora Euskadi

Another great SOTC video of yours, thanks for the insight!

I only just found your YT channel from my search on neuro spectrum issues. This is so much more interesting than just watching hack & slash, because of your fascinating interpretations of the game lore and human myths. Comparative religion has been an interest of mine since I was a kid. I have an Eliade book I've been meaning to read, and now I feel more motivated to check it out. I wonder sometimes if there is a difference between death cults and ancestor worship in these ancient pagan rites for which we now see their shadows in the stone ruins. I hope you get more subscribers, you deserve it.

Never played this or any of the related games. I've watched every one of your game videos because I like how you think and talk.

@chadnuts

3 жыл бұрын

I've played thousands of games over a 30 year span, this game is in my top 5.

@olartio2185

3 жыл бұрын

You must check this game. It is worth it. Watching people analyse this might make it look difficult but it's really not and the atmosphere is mythical.

@Ema-ic1zl

3 жыл бұрын

Play the game man. Any game of team ICO. Is a trip

It's interesting that Sirius has no protective plate on his back. Had that been the case, the "Stonehenge Rock" as it's known could have served as a way to not only get the colossus stuck within it's pillars, but, the top part could have collapsed down onto the back of Sirius thus breaking away it's protective armor allowing Wander to gain access to it's weak spot. Just something I was thinking about while watching this video again.

Thanks for the video and the work/research you do to make these connections

So the French name for an ancient type of religious megalith lines up with how it would be said by a Japanese development team which turns out to be “Nimrod“ spelled backwards. All of this embedded in a the name video game villain. Talk about Jungian synchronicity. I don’t think this might be as intentional as it is a coincidence based on Team Ico having done their job very, very well.

This is one of the most unique games ever made no other game has even came close to tackling the style of game you start the game with nothing to go on you have very little to no hand-holding throughout the entire game in some ways it is similar to Dark Souls

Shout-out to the developers for always introducing interesting lore to their games

"Dormin" is very phonetically similar to "Dormant" and "Demon" as well. Given the protagonists name is "Wanda", which is very phonetically similar to "Wander", this is likely not a coincidence. So, to say "it's a reference to one thing" doesn't preclude it from being a reference to another thing as well. There are clearly a multitude of layers behind the meanings of these character's names.

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

I agree. I think it adds to the overall sophistication of this game's lore. :)

@jz4697

3 жыл бұрын

His name is 'wander' isn't it

@timb4248

3 жыл бұрын

Like maybe he jumped through a Stonehenge portal, into the land of the dead, to bring back ghost of his girl. Encounters these giant sasquatch spirits that lay around to keep invaders out.

@ThrottleKitty

3 жыл бұрын

@@jz4697 I've seen it listed as "wander" before, but I think it's technically originally "wanda", I think possibly do to translation confusion in the English version?

@sporeham1674

2 жыл бұрын

@@ThrottleKitty Japanese has no ER sound, so an A was used instead :)

Every time I watch something about this game I want to play it more.

Hey man, keep up the good work

Your work is amazing, and far beyond mere video games.

haha, as a French, I loved the way you pronounced the name of that Théophile The amount of work it resquires to make such great videos, wow man you deserve so much more subs Love from France

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

Merci d'avoir regardé ma vidéo.

How is this channel not at 1m subs? Amazing content!

thank you for this insightful upload

This was pretty interesting. I really hope they make another one of these games, SOTC is awesome

@timmadone8930

Жыл бұрын

While it might not hold quite the mystical lore of "Shadow Of The Colossus", "Praey For The Gods" is a very nice spiritual successor that sadly was just thrown out into the gaming universe with almost no fanfare or love, & it needs more of both. By now you might already know about this game but I thought I'd mention it incase you didn't.

That's a great analysis. Even if it's just coincidence, that's a cool research and connection you did there.

Very interesting bit of research

Whether it’s true intent or not, the coincidence is fun to think about and imagine. Sometimes happy accidents happen in art, literature, and cinema, and videogames too. So either way, I like to believe the theory.

I smashed that like button! love this video dude!

That‘s why I love video games... I thought I was watching something about a video game I love, but instead learned something about real life, real history and mythology. Art is awesome. Thank you, Mr. Derrat

I like the videos before I watch them because I know they’re always good.

Bros arms are the longest in the history of man. That reach is phenomenal

There's two more parallels I'd like to draw : 1. Picture someone drawing a simplification of a dolmen. A circle on top, and lines underneath to support it. It's exactly how Dormin appears to the player for most of the game... a circle of light, and rays emanating underneath. 2. The constitution of a dolmen is also significant. There's a "main" piece on top, but the dolmen is not complete until it also gets supported by its components. It's the same thing with Dormin when he appears whole again... the smaller parts being incorporated into the growing Wander, to create a "complete" dormin, that still shows physical traits of all its sub components.

Etymologyyyyyyy!! Thank you for your service good sir. Interesting things about the Basque culture and parallels between other cultures. Their language and their blood types suggest they are very different and old type of human. The craziest thing I have heard about them is that they are survivors of the Great Flood myth, possibly from Atlantis lol

@ashenone3050

3 жыл бұрын

Wait what? They were indoeuropeans before arriving to Iberia , but we r not sure where they came from

Great video as usual

Love your videos! Hope you're doing better! ☺️

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

I'm still in pain, but I feel I am managing it alright at the moment. Thanks for stopping by, my friend!

Also... thank you for basically recommending me to look into Eliade's works :)

The connection drawn between the dolmin and the associated death cult with this Team Ico game is very interesting, I like to think that something is there.

When you mention Menhirs. Asterix and Obelix comes to mind.

@olartio2185

3 жыл бұрын

Lol Obelix was always carrying menhirs

@mercenarygundam1487

3 жыл бұрын

@@olartio2185 That's the idea and eating TONS of roast boar.

@alextheconfuddled8983

3 жыл бұрын

@@mercenarygundam1487 Sirius was a boar...............

@mercenarygundam1487

3 жыл бұрын

@@alextheconfuddled8983 And Obelix's favorite food is roast boar.

The fact that in the original PS2 game the Dolmen is intact and in the remake is destroyed is indeed interesting and could lead to the conclusion it was deliberated.

As an additional note to the Jentil fleeing a shining cloud in the sky, after each colossus is slain in the game the clouds above their remains break open and shafts of light can be seen rising through them (or shining down through them).

Great contextual analyses 🤙

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks as always, Steve. :D

It's best explained as synchronicity. Without knowing, we humans have a tendency to create work inspired by one thing, only to have someone else point out a different connection we weren't aware of, but makes total sense in analysis. It's what makes games, books, and art like Shadow of the Colossus so great. It's a place that began from the resonance of intersecting points. XD

Always love your sotc videos. KZread is a better place for them. Lol at least for me

There's a huge boulder balanced on three small rocks near the top of Ben Hogh, the highest peak on the Isle of Coll in Scotland. I've been there in person. The boulder supposedly ended up there after two giants were figting by throwing boulders at each other, and one of them landed balanced like that.

I wonder if the developers ever see these videos and just wonder “oh that’s what we were trying to do???”

SO GLAD YOU GOT A CHANCE TO START READING Eliade!!!!!! HE IS THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN CAMPBELLS WORK AND JUNGS WORK!!!!!!!!

I cant finish watching this video until I beat the game. Im on the 16th Colossus, wish me luck!

The idea of it being a grave to the cut boss is rather strange to me, as were the boss NOT cut, it would have still been in the game. Rather i find the connection to Dormin more compelling. It's worth noting that as we slay the colossi, their shadows gather at the temple, the location of Dormin, almost as if Dormin were their burial site. Furthermore, if Dormin is to be resurrected, that implies that Dormin has already fallen, perhaps the Dolmen is in fact the burial site of Dormin, any king, let alone a king of giants (Going back to nimrod) would be worthy of such a grand burial site, perhaps Dormin was felled or slain, or simply succame to death by some means, the colossi buried him, and waited for a time wherein they could give their lives to resurrect him.

Wonderful. Love this.

I'm from Jersey in the UK and the island is absolutely littered with dolmens, but I'd never heard anything about the legends behind them before, super interesting!!

I played this as a child, is there truly this much to keep theorizing or explaining? I’ve seen countless videos about this game and theories and everything, how is there still more?

This is the only way I can learn about megaliths with out falling asleep WHY ARE ALL THE OTHERE VIDEOS ABOUT MEGALITHS SO DULL thank you for making this beautiful video

Awe inducing theory as always, not necessarily canon or 100% valid but what you said present these stones formations retroactively becoming proto-meta Team Ico logos elements, beside game lore bricks. If synchronicity is a multi layered point of convergences resulting in a striking time-frame for those involved, what then could such a game be called in regard to the similar type of experience it can imprint on a human ? Does the terms " cult classic", "one of a kind", "timeless masterpiece" wold be enough to sum it up or is there something more, something beyond to conceptualize ?

This game is ridiculous. How is it still so mysterious with so many coincidences. I hope someone can bring the old cut monsters to life one day

Maybe there’s something left dormant, lol.

I love the buildings in this game, even down to the mystery behind the secret garden, was their a staircase or other natural access to this garden at some point, what was it used for?

Amazing! Mind blown!

Where I'm from (The Netherlands) old folklore is that the dolmen or "hunnebedden" (Literally meaning "Giants beds") as we call them where believed to be resting places/beds for the giants that used to roam the lands.

@BingRubert

2 жыл бұрын

This idea of how the dolmen came to be was consistent with the orthodox biblical believe at the time that before the great flood, giants roamed the lands.

I like how a simple structure would spark a great ideas

Would you be interested in posting the books you read? Ive found myself always looking into them and was curious if you wouldnt mind sharing

@jloor5267

3 жыл бұрын

@@Tohru3608 have you read the book thus spoke zarathustra?

I have no interest to know about this game, but the way you explain it, makes me want to play it right now!

@maxderrat

3 жыл бұрын

DUDE... it's a must play. It's one of those rare games that I think can appeal to anybody regardless of their tastes.

@alexradice8163

3 жыл бұрын

Tbh I absolutely hated this game but it's okay solely as art

Until i thought we're done with this game theories ...i thought wrong.

That feeling when you live in Malta and you see it mentioned in this video 0_0 The last time our tiny little island got mentioned was 10 years ago when the 1st level of Splinter Cell Conviction was the capital city of Valletta which was super cool :D Ha nitkellem sentenza bil-lingwa Maltija biex nuri li jien vera persuna Malti li nghix f’Malta :) Translation: I’ll just speak a sentence in the Maltese language to prove that I’m really a Maltese citizen living in Malta :)

@BlizzTheOneAndOnly

3 жыл бұрын

Just passing by to say your country is amazing. I was there 2 years ago and its my favourite place on earth. Cheers

@NeroMystyra

3 жыл бұрын

@@BlizzTheOneAndOnly Wow thanks for the compliment! I’m glad you enjoyed your time here :D

@BlizzTheOneAndOnly

3 жыл бұрын

@@NeroMystyra absolutely terrific, friend. I'll definitely return someday 😄

In Denmark we have a special name for huge rocks which were meant to be thrown. we call them "Kampesten" though the word has changed in meaning. In nordik mythos giants threw them around as weapons. on a side note the day Denmark became Christian it was testemented into one such stone called Jellingestenen. Just wanted to give context to the other rocks found in-game

This actually tells me a great deal about the world in which we live. History becomes stories. Jentils...giants...Neanderthals... Hollow earth theory... Stories are where memories go when they die...sometimes they become songs...maybe now they become videogames too.

@alextheconfuddled8983

3 жыл бұрын

Memory has evolved into a Story! Story has evolved into a Song! Song has evolved into a Videogame!

I want a SOTC prequel. I want to see the story of the ancient people who worshipped Dormin, and why they left. Why is the land cursed? I want to know!

There are many interesting stone formations in the game. But the PS4 remake has had me thinking a lot recently about the number 79. We already know about the 79 gold coins we need to collect & the 79 steps we need to descend in order to reach the altar that holds the Sword Of Dormin. Is that all? Is it possible we could do something else 79 times or something for 79 hours & doing so will reveal something new? At the very least it's food for thought.

I think that’s a beautiful interpretation, tbh

Love videos like this, but I always wonder if the devs just put random geometry in the game world and people attribute all of this thought behind their decision, when in reality there was no reason for its placement.

First I thought it was funny you brought up Malta considering the dolmen, as I know Malta for its ancient temples. But obviously they are full of dolmen like structures, I think the consensus finally is that they where used for stargazing for the solstice. Offcourse this theory doesn’t work for the hypogeum but that place is something else, went to Malta 2 years ago specificly to see this place. But the links you made got me thinking that the dolmen I see in my country (Netherlands) are probably architectural descendant from ancient Malteese culture.

@hurmzz

3 жыл бұрын

All great things from history are forgotten. The oldest pyramids are architectually the best. The younger ones allready disintegrated. Same with the temples in Malta, the oldest use way better matterials and architecture. The dolmen is only what remained of the previous quality. To me it’s obvious they where people with some knowledge from before the flood. Mainstream science calls it MWP1b and we are finally recognizing the asteroid impacts that caused it. Like the legends all around the world tell off. Maybe one day we will find out our past and remember..

There ARE still more secrets to be found; some of which already *HAVE* been! Stay tuned for more ;)

I mean, its possible that the multiple explanations for the origins of Dormin's name aren't mutually exclusive. ie Dormin comes from Nimrod and Dormin is a reference to Dolmen and Dormin is a reworking of the word "Dormant"

I Fuking like all around this pretty unique masterpiece of a game😍 got only Love for and all the sercrets who it contains very interesting video dude, and i feel the parallel's👍👍

This is like the wild goose chase where people eternally try to find (or tack on) numerical/theological/what have you symbolism on the Mona Lisa hundreds of years after the painter died. Some dedicate their life to this cause while the other might hate them and insist that there's no deeper meaning and they should give it a rest. But whichever camp you're in, you can't deny that the Mona Lisa is a masterpiece.

Max, where did you source the etymology for cromlech? In irish, it's just borrowed like English, but generating it would give you 'Leac cham/chrom' or 'bent/stooped slab' and the etymology dictionary gives it as having a similar meaning in Welsh, where the word of course, comes from. I guess bent could be circular, but slab = space? Also, on the off chance anyone cares, East Asian lanaguages can or do have phonetic ls, but theyre not considered different from r-sounds, so dolmin would be dōramin, I would guess, tho youd need a speaker to be sure.