One other word I ought to have mentioned in the section about words related to "rune" is Finnish "runo," apparently derived directly from the Proto-Germanic word, except that in Finnish it means "poem" (note that each of the individual constituent poems/stories of the Kalevala is called a "runo"). Finnish isn't related to the Germanic languages, but it has borrowed words from them at every stage of their development, including Proto-Germanic. Anyway, this meaning adds one more wrinkle to the surprisingly complex picture of what this word might have originally meant.

@skitidetdu6672

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As a Swede it's funny when I see a Finnish text, with tons of Swedish words but with an i or an o at the end. Sometimes with an extra vowel stuck in there.

@Pengalen

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Rún means secret in Irish. Also as I'm watching this video, I just keep thinking of Ron saying to Hermione "Ancient Runes? Just how many classes are you taking?"

@YvonneEriksen

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I'm Danish. I named my son Rune, because I've learned, that it meant secret (not a lot of men in my life until I met my husband). I've always thought the secret came from the fact, that only few could actually read what the runes meant. They were meant for the few - and therefore had a sense of mystery about them.

@Ravn000

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Amazing video, as always! You mentioned Rune being related to something like the swedish Ränna, meaning to drive. Ränna also means furrow or cut or groove. I find the idea funny that they might simply have called these furrows from cutting them into stone.

@Sasha-ff5ce

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Perhaps the meaning of “poem” came from a sharing of Germanic poetry

Runes are just as associated with magic, as the Roman alphabet it is ~ meaning, under almost every doorsill in the Roman Empire you would find a small rolled-up piece of lead or copper foil with a spell to ward the home against evil. Indeed, sometimes those same rolled-up pieces of foil have been found with curses, tugged into a crevice near the home of someone a Roman sought to cause misfortune. That it, it's the WORDS that are magical ~ NOT the individual characters of the alphabet.

Fascinating video, my Old English course at uni only touched this subject only very briefly so I am grateful for you covering it completely free of charge! A huge shoutout to the Patreon supporters who enable Dr. Crawford to share his knowledge publicly!

I'm fascinated by the idea of writing being an almost magical secret to the masses in a world where most people were illiterate. The idea of writing being a metaphorical whisper is also intriguing.

Doc I know you're not a Heathen yourself but your work helps those of us trying to be historically accurate in our faith practice as closely as we can and I can't thank you enough. I feel it in my gut that you are good people and I wish you the very best in life.

I'm glad you cover these concepts in depth, and make your knowledge available to the public.

I remember when I was on a pagan bulletin board on the web back in the Nineties, people were outraged when I claimed that the main purpose of runes is writing, and that everything else (i.e. the magic stuff) is gravy. They thought I meant the use of runes in magic was bunk, whereas I meant it was a rare and secondary use, like modern pagans writing their magic spells in the Latin alphabet. I was surprised at how many people got angry at what I considered an entirely reasonable statement.

What a generous offering. Thanks Doc!

Thank you Mr Crawford🙏

@Iwoodlikethat

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That's Doctor Mr. Crawford haha

@beepboop204

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@@Iwoodlikethat hey, just dont call him GURU and he wont mind

@teresabeekind5899

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@@Iwoodlikethat I should have assumed that with his amazing resumé! Apologies Dr Crawford!

The whispers/secrets correlation makes sense given that the Old/Proto Norse societies would have been semi-literate. So you would only know what was said if you had been taught to read.

Hi, I've been learning Old Norse and everything you've talked about for over 4 years now. Is there any other way than patreon to support you? You're a star made of gold and we need more people like you! Thanks for all you're doing to spread the knowledge!

@cactustree505

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@Marion L. Click on the 'Thanks' or the heart icon with a $ symbol. Usually it lets me set the amount to donate. This one had a fixed $1 donation, which I've never seen before. Maybe just check another video of his.

Great work! As a swede learning this it is a huge help. When I hear "ek erilaz" it says "I the jarl". To me it fits, the strong and learned man wrote what few can read.

Thank you. This is interesting. As a Norwegian we learn about the runic alphabet in school. I was taught about them, and now my teens have been taught as well. I can't say I know them, because I can't write the Futhark just based on memory, but in most generations of Norwegians alive today, there will be someone who have used runes as a secret code language :) Myself included!

As a swedish history teacher I very mutch like this! This notion that the runes are some sort of a Taro deck is very irriting… thanks doc!

So interesting to hear actually professional discussion about runes as an actual language. Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge and thoughts.

@briantaylor9475

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Actually, alphabet; system of writing, not a language.

As someone with no academic background - indeed, I'm not even a college graduate - these videos have been invaluable to my personal studies and deep interest in this and related subjects. The Patreon is a pittance for the knowledge gained.

Thanks to very generous patreon supporters & Prof. Crawford for making free course available to Internauts.

Thanks Doc for offering this college level lecture on KZread! I really appreciate it and look forward to the next! :)

I appreciate your presentation. Thank you . I look at the evolution of writing from the “mystical” perspective of, what is a word? It begins as a spark of inspiration, presumably due to some stimulus. It manifests as a thought, which births another…. The thought is expressed in a word, which also begets offspring. Who knows all the echoing whispers? Writing was the way to remove the corrupted loyalty relying on messenger memories…as long as literacy segregated the classes.

I appreciate the time you take to make these available to everyone. You've helped me understand more about Norse Mythology then I ever thought possible. Please don't stop posting 💜

I’m watching every moment of this series no doubt

As a Swede-Finn born in Canada; your channel & your books I’ve purchased have been great! Thanks so much!

And now, what we've all been waiting for... it drops, and it's fire! 🔥

I found your idea absolutely poetic and beautiful that letters are "language without sounds" like whispering in council! Good job👍

Can't wait for the following videos about this topic! Just one short note about Frisian. It was spoken along the north sea coast of Belgium, the netherlands and Germany. Or as it is often called, between the Zwin (Bruges) and the Weser(Bremen).

If I was to guess about the meaning of rune it would be memory. One reason is that it's more or less the modern Swedish meaning of the word - in memorial. The more logical one is that it's what you always do when you write something down. Unless the writing is destroyed it will remain readable long after you are dead and gone.

Until your intro in this video I had no idea that Runes were associated with magic in the public mind, or rather any more so than magic is associated with Classical Latin or Koine. There are ample extant magical incantations and curse tablets in these languages of course, but I don’t have the impression that anyone sees these two Mediterranean languages as anything to do with mysticism. Very interesting.

I have no idea how you can film outdoors in the snow and have audio quality like your indoors. Impressive

@historysmysteriesunveiled8043

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I feel like there’s some kind of shielding mechanism around his microphone 🚫🌬️🎙️

When odin hangs himself to obtain the runes, and given the context of the rest of havamal, i cant help but feel that Odin hanged himself to obtain the advise (and or magic) he gives in the other sections

Thank you for the free course. Educating the public makes you a professor with or without an institutional affiliation.

Brilliant as always. You have my thanks for sharing your knowledge with us in such an objective way. I've watched many of your videos and continue to learn so much about these ancient languages. BTW the setting for this video is breath-taking!

Thank you for your time and your generosity

Thank you for the work you have and will put into this course. More please.

Thanks Dr. Crawford. Looking forward to this course.

I appreciate this series, Jackson.The same politics apply in other disciplines like literature, and some topics are "off topic" for "true" academics (whomever they are, really). As an academic locked out of rune studies since that's not my field, I truly appreciate the time and attention you are taking professionally to provide content. While I do read runes daily for divination on social media, I try to be clear that this usage of them is modern and not necessarily historical since no evidence suggests they were used for anything more than an alphabet. I also think that divination tools, as they stand, can be made of anything since they are intended to bring the user meaning. So, if a stack of bananas is meaningul to a user, that can be a divination tool. But just because it's a tool for one person doesn't mean it's a tool for another. In any case, I love the series, and I am eager to learn more about each rune :).

Love it! Love the subject, the hat, all of it. Fantastic video! Looking forward to more. So happy to be a Patreon supporter

Thanks so much for this. I am so pleased that you are producing a sensible overview of the runes based on the most up to date evidence and research with no speculation about magic. Nice hat too!

@pricklypear7516

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I am sincere in my question here: Is that "speculation about magic" really so wide-spread or deeply ingrained? I mean, among at least semi-intelligent people? As much as I enjoyed this video, I felt that the protestations almost seemed to validate the (utterly absurd) "magic" connection. If I served my guests a big pot of stew, I wouldn't say, "Nope, no witch's brew here! Uh-uh, didn't use a bit of eye of newt or toe of frog!" I sort of found the emphasis on it a bit off-putting.

@phirion6341

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@@pricklypear7516 As a linguist, you are almost always forced to do long preludes and put down some common understandings when you communicate to the broader public. What can be frequently encountered are some unhelpful derailments via esoteric/nationalist/hyperspritualists who think that a chart on Pinterest has educated them definitely than those """dirty biased""" (sic) academics

Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us! Even for someone who believes magic, I believe it's important to have a well rounded education.

Fascinating and really clearly explained. Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge and passion for ancient languages with us. :)

Fascinating stuff mr. Jackson, runes are fascinating, you were able to sum up very well to the point that I as a complete novice to languages was able to understand clearly, great work and keep it up!!

Nice intro to runes. Looking forward to the next part. To me, the possibility that the word "rune" came from or is associated with council is plausible. Look at the etymology of our word "thing", which originally meant meeting, assembly, council. Over the years the meaning changed, so it now means an item. Language makes for a fascinating study.

You're so awesome Dr. Crawford! This is everything I hoped education can and should be, accessible and affordable or free to the public. Thank you (and other academics that I follow in this space) for sharing your knowledge to counteract all the mystical rune bunk out there. I will definitely be following this course!

Thank you for sharing your knowledge - I'm looking forward to getting through all of your videos. I've been studying runes since 2015, when I was first introduced to them.

Thank you, Mr. Crawford!

Thank you for this wonderful video. First things first, JC. Watching in Texas.

Thank you for providing this information and knowledge openly. May you r blessed in your dail living.

Looking forward to this course!!

Fantastic resource, thank you for sharing your knowledge.

Outstanding content!

I just started my journey in Norse pagan and I have been told by many to check you out so here I am and Im positive that I'll enjoy your teachings

Thank you, Dr. Crawford. As an old Physical Anthropology major, I appreciate this course.

Brooooooo. WHAT A BANGER PHD. Ur a Legend dude. I subscribed. I Think its fascinating that you’re so knowledge about this subject. And I agree, that there is a lot of interest, but also that there is little quality content.

Excellent. Much needed.

Dr. Crawford does it again!

Really appreciate you sharing your wisdom 🤟

I am so thankful to have come across your channel, and I look forward to the rest of this series. Thank you for providing this information to the public! Do you also have your content in a podcast format?

Thanks for this series. Although the hackett publishing link was dead for me, I picked up all the works i could find listed under your name on amazon.

Thank you for this course!

You are the best! Thanks you for your work!

Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge!

I'm in, this is great. Thanks so much!

Thanks, I need all the free education I can get. I wasn't exactly paying attention at school, so am making up for it with your help.

Thank you, very kind of you.

OMG thank you so much for sharing this knowledge, really THANK YOU! 👏🏻🖤

Perfect setting to teach something like this

Thank you so much sir and best of days good sir

Great info! ❤

Hi Jackson, Great, thank you very much! Although I only check in from time to time (that will change 😄), I appreciate your channel very much. Good work! Greetings from Germany, Markus

In Latvian language we have a word "runa", which means "speech" and "to speak" - "runāt". These words sound very similar to the Old Norse "rúnar" and have a similar meaning - they are related to speech, talking.

Thanks!

I am so down for this.

Thank you so much!

So I was thinking, because of what you said about the text saying "xx wrote him a runa" and thought about the fact that most runestones, at least around where I live, is what we today also,refers to as a "runa" which I believe in English is called an obituary. Amazing that the word survived untouched until this day when everything else has changed so much that I can't even understand most of my own language from, say the 1400s. I am Swedish by the way. I know Norwegians have always been known for protecting their language more, whereas we often traditionally just adopt words from other languages and let them replace the old ones.

Thank you. I am forever your student sir.

Thank u so much 🙌🙌🙏

Hmmm! It's hard to resist imagining a connection between the word rune and the modern Irish words: Rún = secret, beloved person (noun) Rúnda = secret (adjective) Rúnaí = secretary But I believe the only alphabets ever used to write in Irish were Ogham and the Roman (or Latin).

Thank you so much!!

I like the eagle that you have in the shoulder profesor

Im a DR crawford fan now ! Its like my 6th video in a row

Love the hat sir! From Varusteleka I assume.

Thank you for making these videos. I have been craving a real explanation non "Hollywood, and Magic" talk about the languages and culture around Rune and Scandanavia.

Absolute scholar thank you for your time in making this. You sir, have had an effect on this world that I am sure you have no IDEA about. Would you mind if I use this video on my channel please?

Thank you ❤

Thank you for this. My grandfather stowed away on a ship from Denmark, one of the last.

Ty for this video, super informative.

Great subject matter.

Thanks

Thanks for putting in so much effort to teach us, the great unwashed, runes

A cool note on "Mysterion" from that NT translation. As a Catholic Priest we use the word "Mystery" to refer to our Sacraments. You can interchange those words. Why, and related to your "Runes are an alphabet and not spells", because they have both a visible and an invisible dimension (we believe). But that is true for writing. the visible dimensions are of course the seen script and the invisible is the meaning. thanks for this playlist. looking forward to the rest (Found your channel via the Battlenof Maldon discussion)

Thank you for so much. Brasil

More book recommendations? There goes this week's grocery money again! To paraphrase Erasmus: When I have a little money, I support Dr. Crawford on Patreon and I buy books; and if I have any left, I buy food and clothes. But I do thank you for another wonderful video and for sharing your knowledge.

Thank you.

Thanks very much!!!

thanks

Runo- is also attested in Gaulish in the personal name "Comrunos" meaning "confider". Xavier Delamarre, in his Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, claims runo- to be a common root word to Celtic and Germanic languages meaning "secret".

0:42 omg!!! I just … the only thing that would have made this intro (shout out to that little text box at the top there) would have been if you denounced higher academics and said you have simply studied much of your life and we can be the judge and do the research ourselves (as all should) . Then at the end or your next video just deftly dropped in your crazy long list of systemic proof. Basically. What I am saying is this is cool. You are cool. And I agree, people want to know but are afraid to try or that whole ego fueled fear of being “blamed” for taking any stance, claim or shared idea.

Nice hat!

Nice hat 🤠🤠

I love your hat.

I know this is off current topic, but I came across something interesting. Have you seen the hand of Irulegi? A brass shaped hand found in Northern Spain from what they believe came from Basgue language. I see ruin inscription letters of T, O, H and some not recognized. I think you should take a look at it. It's a bronze artifact shaped like a life size hand.