Ritual Practice in Early Islam: Fasting by Dr. Khalil Andani

This is an academic talk about how Muslim ritual practices evolved during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad based on changing socio-political and inter-religious contexts. The lecture specifically covers changed in fasting rituals and prayer direction (qibla) in the early period. The speaker then discusses how Sunni and Shii Ismaili approaches to post-Quranic law, interpretation and guidance drastically differ.

Пікірлер: 48

  • @taptronics
    @taptronics3 жыл бұрын

    I am a Suni all my life but I have been questioning this for long time and you give me the best answer.

  • @Ibrahim-fi8pw
    @Ibrahim-fi8pw Жыл бұрын

    I am a sunni but my heart is attached to ismailism

  • @Jakobs616
    @Jakobs616 Жыл бұрын

    you are such an amazing scholar. thank you for helping us make sense of the Quran

  • @ninamerchant53
    @ninamerchant533 жыл бұрын

    One of Khalils most interesting and clear presentations, thank you

  • @soniabaig4291
    @soniabaig42912 ай бұрын

    This is a remarkable explanation and a difficult one to understand as well. Thank you for your lectures. You are a great scholar. One thing I did not understand is the difference between the Quranic speech and the Non-Quranic speech of the Prophet in the Ismaili theology of revelation

  • @noorahamid3376
    @noorahamid3376 Жыл бұрын

    Makes a lot of sense. Can you do a presentation related to prayer ?

  • @user-eb9eb4zf4r
    @user-eb9eb4zf4r3 жыл бұрын

    Amazingg!!

  • @KingofComedyValleywood
    @KingofComedyValleywood3 жыл бұрын

    In Sharia people stress mostly on exoteric practices and close the circle on that boards. You are not allowed to think of esoteric or to use your own intellect. They also don't explain, Sharia is initial stage of practice, it has also other stages i.e Tariqa, Haqiqa and Marifa, all these come after Sharia and it have esotaric meanings. When someone practice esotaric meaning not exoteric meaning, people of Sharia blame them for not practicing Sharia... That is phenomenon of the time.

  • @mrs8768

    @mrs8768

    Жыл бұрын

    Sharia must be practised with tariqa and haqiqa. You can't just leave sharia once you attain a higher spiritual position. This is why the Holy Prophet would pray, fast. Same with the Imams. All must obey the sharia, and it is binding until the day of judgement.

  • @KingofComedyValleywood

    @KingofComedyValleywood

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mrs8768 Shari literally means "running water". It means it is changing with the time but essence is same in all the time. For example Adam a.s, Nuh a.s, Ibrahim a.s, Mosa a.s etc were also practice Prayer but the form of the Prayers were different and there essence was same. So in Tariqa, Haqiqat and Marifat Prayer must exist and forms may be change but the essence of the Paryers is same all the time. The authority to do this is the Progeny of Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w.w and Imams those are the descendants of Ahl e Bait alaihimsalam.

  • @Syed_12
    @Syed_123 жыл бұрын

    Islam The Beautiful Religion ( Be Just ) Quran 5:8 '' O you who believe! stand out firmly for God, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the > HATRED OF OTHERS TO YOU Quran 4:58 '' Indeed, God commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which God instructs you. Indeed, God is ever Hearing and Seeing.'' ( God's The Rules Of War ) Quran 2:190 '' Fight in the way of God > THOSE WHO FIGHT YOU Quran 2 :193 '' And fight them on until there is no more oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in God; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression. '' Quran 4:90 ''.........So if they withdraw from you and cease their hostility and offer you peace, in that case Allah has not granted you permission to fight against them.'' Quran 8:61 ''And if they seek peace, then you also seek it, and put your trust in God. He is the Hearer, the Knowledgeable.'' ( Stand Up For Justice ) Quran 4 :135 '' Ye who believe! stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to God, even as against > YOURSELVES ( Who Are The Good Human Beings? ) Quran 2.177 '' Righteousness is "NOT" that you turn your faces ( In Worship ) toward the east or the west but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in God, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth,> IN SPITE OF LOVE FOR IT, freeing slaves ( Freedom To Believe And To Reject ) Quran 2:256 '' Let there be no compulsion in religion. Truth stands out clear from error '' Quran 10:99 '' And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed > all of them entirely ( Tolerance For Other Religions ) Quran 109: 1- 6 Say,"O disbelievers, I do not worship what you worship. Nor are you worshipers of what I worship. Nor will I be a worshiper of what you worship. Nor will you be worshipers of what I worship. For you is your religion, and for me is my religion." ( Protection for Idol Worshiper ) Quran 9:6 "And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are people who do not know. " Quran16:125 “Call people to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good teaching, and argue with them in the most courteous way” Quran7:199 “Be tolerant....” ( Friendship With Non Muslims ) Quran 60:8 '' God does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, God loves those who act justly. '' ( Do Christians And Jews and "OTHER" non-Muslims go to Heaven? ) Quran 2:62 '' Those who believe (in the Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians and the Sabians,-> ANY { On Judgement Day } ( According to the Quran Christians and Jews worship TRUE God ) (Quran 3:113-114) '' Not all of them are alike: Of the People of the Book ( Christians and Jews ) are a portion that stand (For the right): They rehearse the Signs of God all night long, and they prostrate themselves in adoration. They believe in God and the Last Day; they enjoin what is right, and forbid what is wrong; and they hasten (in emulation) in (all) good works: They are in the ranks of the righteous.'' Note: According to the Quran that Jesus is not God nevertheless Christians still worship one '' TRUE '' God. ( > Allah Quran 22:40 [They are] those who have been evicted from their homes without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah ." And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned. And Allah will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might. ( Why Are There So Many Different Religions In The World ? ) Quran 5 48 ''...... If God wanted He could have made all of you a > single nation DISPUTE submission My explanation of above verse Islam mean > submission ( The above verse saying is that God will not accept a religion from the > MUSLIM submission Question: How Can Muslim And the Non-Muslim > submit Answer: Be kind to other human beings and Do not lie, Do not steal, Do not cheat, Do not hurt others, Do not be prideful and Do the charity work. ( God Allow Muslims To Marry And Eat Food From the Christian And Jew And Vice Versa ) Quran 5;5 ''This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture ( Christian and Jew) is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture ( Christian and Jew) before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.'' ( Kindness Toward Atheists / > APOSTATE Quran 60:8 '' As for such [ of the unbelievers ( atheist) ] as do not fight against you on account of [your] faith, and neither drive you forth from your homelands, > Allah kindness ( All The Terrorists / Killers Will Enter Hell Fire ) Quran 5:32 "......Whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely......" ( Turned Your Enemies Into Your Best Friends ) Quran 41:34 "The good deed and the evil deed are not alike. Repel the evil deed with one which is better, then lo! he, between whom and thee there was enmity (will become) as though he was a bosom friend." ( The Husband and The Wife Are > Protecting Friends Quran 9:71 ''And the believers, men and women, are > Protecting Friends Quran16:97 “To whoever, male or female, does good deeds and has faith, We shall give a good life and reward them according to the best of their actions. Quran 30:21 “And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquility in them; and He placed between you > affection and mercy { Love } The Prophet Muhammad said, “The best among you is the best to his wife” ( Human Are One family ) Quran 49:13 " O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of God is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And God has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things)." ( All The Racist People Will Enter Hellfire ) Quran 30:22 "And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your languages and your colors. Indeed in that are signs for those of knowledge." My comment: The > BASIC animals RETURNED REWARD * The Quran ONLY guides you how to become a good human being "Nothing Else". * You are a good human being or a bad human being that is YOUR choice. * No one can force you to become a good human being. * You MUST work HARD to become a good human being. * Why should ''YOU'' do good deeds and avoid bad deeds? * Do Good - it's for You. Do Bad - It's against you. * '' YOUR'' life is a TEST from God that you will choose to do either Good or Bad. * Find the excuse to help others and forgive others NOT the other way around. * '' YOUR '' final destination is either Hell or Heaven. * So work HARD toward choice of YOUR destination. Quran 17:7 '' If you do good, you will do so for your own good. And if you do evil, it will be to your own loss.'' .......

  • @subhaanahmad2149
    @subhaanahmad21493 жыл бұрын

    I did do some research regarding the fast of Ashura and I found that if the date of the hadith is accurate then the 10th of Muharram did not fit in with Yom Kippur, neither with the lunar nor the luni solar but it does correspond with pass over.

  • @AspieMoonWoman
    @AspieMoonWoman7 ай бұрын

    Thank you for the wonderful lecture. May i ask. In nizari ismailism , is the imam considered to be a perfect human, as divinely inspired as muhamed?

  • @sanabaig8810

    @sanabaig8810

    3 ай бұрын

    Yes, he is believed to be an infallible human being divinely chosen by Allah.

  • @ncroc
    @ncroc3 жыл бұрын

    I have always thought that during the initial Meccan period, they prayed towards Jerusalem not Kaaba. Do you have any reference mentioning that they prayed towards Kaaba and not Jerusalem during the initial Meccan period?

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    3 жыл бұрын

    There’s plenty of Hadith references about Muhammad praying in Mecca including the Quran Mecca suras that center on the ka’aba

  • @ncroc

    @ncroc

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@KhalilAndani First of all, thanks for answering & also thanks for making your lectures public. Now let me go back to the part that confused me. You are right that there are lots of hadiths saying that he was praying in Mecca & near Kaaba. My question was though wasn't he always praying towards Jerusalem while he was in Mecca. Are there any hadiths mentioning that his qibla was Kaaba and not Jerusalem during the initial Meccan period?

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ncroc there are hadith reporting that Muhammad in Mecca prayed facing the Ka’ba see work of URI Rubin on early Islamic Prayer. It also makes very little sense contextually for Muhammad in Mecca among meccans to face Jerusalem instead of the Ka’ba and we would have seen this being criticized by the Meccans in the meccan Suras.

  • @ncroc

    @ncroc

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@KhalilAndani Thank you. I'll check the work of URI Rubin on early Islamic Prayer. I don't know. As far as I understand from Sunni biographies of him, he had a lot of disagreements with the Meccans regarding religious issues which eventually forced him to leave.

  • @Bei-Abedan

    @Bei-Abedan

    3 жыл бұрын

    In Hanafi Madhab, anything from the Hadith or Sira which contradicts the Quran must be discarded as false no matter how strong the isnad.

  • @nabailirshad8476
    @nabailirshad84763 жыл бұрын

    May Allah guide you, and protect us from anything evil and wrongful. there is no god But Allah and the Muhammad is the last messenger of Allah. That’s it, it’s that simple.

  • @faridaali8758
    @faridaali87584 ай бұрын

    At 10.03 minutes 15:10 about the changing of kiblah from Jerusalem to Mecca when they were at Madinah location.How can it between the east and the west.Jerusalem is nearly 1400km North of Madinah.It was supposed to be the north and south cause Mecca is situated at southwest of Madinah.So the location of Jerusalem was wrong.

  • @Andalusian_
    @Andalusian_3 жыл бұрын

    The initial rule was that once you took a nap at night, you would not allowed to have sexual relations with your spouse even if it was still nighttime. That is confirmed in the Qur’an in 2:187. That was the rule, not anything about napping during the day and having to fast until the next night. That would be too much.

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    3 жыл бұрын

    That’s not entirely correct. See Hawting’s volume on the development of early islamic ritual for details on the original rule which is what Jews and Christians had practiced.

  • @Andalusian_

    @Andalusian_

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@KhalilAndani You try to make a comparison between Yom Kippur and Ramadhan. But Yom Kippur is only one full day whereas Ramadhan is for a month.

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@Andalusian_ yes but as mentioned in video devout Jews fasted for forty days up to Yom Kippur

  • @ncroc
    @ncroc3 жыл бұрын

    I think according to Sunni interpretation, Muhammad was the last prophet and hence nobody else after him can be divinely inspired. I heard that's why they don't consider Ahmadis to be Muslim in Pakistan. Because their founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmed claimed to be divinely inspired and hence kind of a prophet. Are Ismailis who have many divinely inspired imams considered Muslim by the Sunnis? What about Shias in Iran and Iraq? Do they also claim their 12 imams to be divinely inspired?

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    3 жыл бұрын

    The Umayyads claimed to be divinely inspired; the Shia Imams claimed to be divinely inspired; and many Sufi saints claim to be divinely inspired. Prophethood and wahy are not the same thing and one cannot declare those who believe in divine inspiration after Muhammad as non-Muslims.

  • @nabailirshad8476
    @nabailirshad84763 жыл бұрын

    Salam scholar, May God give you hidayah. I watched some of your videos along with this one. And I am truly surprised by what you mentioned. Although, I understand that you teach and have done extensive research on Ismailism. The main thing that intrigued me was the light debate, where you claimed that the Quran was by Prophet and not Allah and it was subject to change based on whatever prophet thought was right and now imams can do that too, but they can’t pass on the light. Professor, what was the point of Quran coming if Quran could be changed based on each situation. Yes, the Quran doesn’t mention what the five pillars of Islam are, but isn’t it explicitly clear to belief in One God, pray 5 times a day, give zakat, do hajj if you can afford it and do fasting. Yes it is true that some things in the Quran are for the entire life till the day of Judgment and then there are laws based on the situations that can be changed based on the issues. Ultimately, if anything could change why was Quran established? Also, professor, where does in The Quran mention that the imams are appointed by Allah and have the capacity to be given the Light and their word in today’s modern world is equally important to what the prophet said in older times. Moreover, you mentioned that sunnis and twelves Shias follow what the Fiqh says. And I highly disagree. Yes, they do have their interpretation and yes, they have combined the Quran words and Hadith/Sunnahs based on their understanding. However, Quran is the ultimatum. It was in Arabic that has been translated to Whatever language that you best understand. And that is the number source, if you don’t understand something or need clarity, you do check out fiqhs, scholars etc to better understand as they have devoted their entire life to understanding the Quran. Last but not least, in Shiasim ultimately which ever Imam was liked by the people was appointed as the next imam. Which is why there is so many division within the Shia sect. So then who has the light? Shouldn’t all of them have the light as they are the lineage of Prophet. Another thing, the current Shia Nizari Imam married white women, he was known as a playboy and he himself has images where he is an yacht with women who wear bikinis. Now is this the line of Ali? Is what should be accepted. Then if so, what’s the point of surah nisa, surah Azhab and surah Nur. Now I can wear bikinis or extremely revealing clothing and that should be okay because the imams and his family wears it. And he is the blood of Ali and line of prophet. Now it is completely permissible to hang his pictures? It is completely permissible for him to pour some “holy water” on people and say your deeds are forgiven. Does the current imam have this? What is the point of Allah then? If instead of asking Allah forgiveness and he forgiving us. The imam forgives us instead of Allah. (On his behalf). Why does the 3 prayers constantly include the Imams praising instead of Allah. The prophet during that time didn’t do that.

  • @nabailirshad8476

    @nabailirshad8476

    3 жыл бұрын

    I’m sorry professor, but ultimately the question comes down to this, why is Ismailism and the “Highness” given so much respect when they are aren’t even mentioned in the Quran, hadith and Sunnah. The word of Allah and the actions/ wordings of the Prophet is what Islam is. Anything beyond that is irrelevant. The fiqh don’t have the capacity to change what’s written they may have their own understandings. But Allah has given us brain and knowledge for us to check and confirm what is right. “Obey Allah and his messenger” Obey Allah and the prophet through whichever source that has been provided to you. the Quran, Sunnah and Hadiths.

  • @nabailirshad8476

    @nabailirshad8476

    3 жыл бұрын

    @F S no go do your research sir/ma’am. A lot of Ismailis left your belief because of your made-up stories. No where in the Quran is there anything written about the Imam. Who gave the imam the right to do what he is doing, changing or amending the word of Allah? Clearly you are lost and May Allah guide you. But again it’s written in the Quran “Allah guides, who he wills” I’m sure you’d know about this Ayah, if you actually read the Quran, and didn’t consider the Imam a walking/talking Quran.

  • @nabailirshad8476

    @nabailirshad8476

    3 жыл бұрын

    @F S your comment applies to you before it applies to me. If I’m not mistaken you’re the one who wrote “my questions are spitting…..you are like kids, missing lots of words” Maybe if you actually took the time to answer the question rather than criticizing it, you’d understand. And also, if you actually took the time to read the Quran and not read your imam you’d understand. But oh well…. Allah guides whom he wills.

  • @alimohamed9698

    @alimohamed9698

    Жыл бұрын

    I do not see you asking questions to understand the Prof. What you are doing is Fart with jealousy. (Which some of our mullas teach us)

  • @nabailirshad8476

    @nabailirshad8476

    Жыл бұрын

    @@alimohamed9698 a humble request to read the Quran in whatever language you best understand and then learn about “Ismailis” or Imamat. Maybe then you’ll understand my point. Fiqh, Sect and whatever other things that exist is none of my business. Quran, authentic Hadith and Sunnah is what Islam is. I suggest you to listen to the Word of Allah and not the word of People. But again, it’s not the eyes are that are blind but the hearts (Quran) & Allah guides whom he wills.

  • @DWAGON1818
    @DWAGON18182 жыл бұрын

    The Jews did not fast on Yom Kipur. They fasted on the Passover. The day of the Exodus. I wonder how can someone make such a mistake and still think he should be speaking about Islam. The level of ignorance is shameful.

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    2 жыл бұрын

    You’re wrong. They did fast on Yom Kippur.

  • @DWAGON1818

    @DWAGON1818

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@KhalilAndani the 10th Muharam fast is for the exodus. That is the topic of discussion. That is what the Prophet(pbuh) saw the Jews of Madina do.

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@DWAGON1818 please read the sources I have cited.

  • @DWAGON1818

    @DWAGON1818

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@KhalilAndani Here's the hadith from Bukhari Book 31 Hadith 222 Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The Prophet came to Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them about that. They replied, "This is a good day, the day on which Allah rescued Bani Israel from their enemy. So, Moses fasted this day." The Prophet said, "We have more claim over Moses than you." So, the Prophet fasted on that day and ordered (the Muslims) to fast (on that day)

  • @KhalilAndani

    @KhalilAndani

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@DWAGON1818 the tenth of Ashura was Yom Kippur. “In ancient times the two branches of Abraham’s house followed the same lunar-solar system of intercalating an additional month 7 times in a cycle of 19 years. Thus, the 7th Jewish month of Tishri coincided with Muharram; and the ‘Ashura (10th) of Muharram synchronized with the 10th of Tishri, the Jewish Day of Atonement - a day of fast.” www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/9/20/yom-kippur-and-ashoura-are-muslims-observing-a-jewish-holiday

  • @samerkamal3328
    @samerkamal3328 Жыл бұрын

    pilgrimage right ? seeing the living imam ... so u fast in the wrong way if u miss seeing the living imam ,,,,, Astaghfarullah. May god guide u back to islam