To understand the recent spate of controversies involving Muslims and Islam across the United States (for example, anti-sharia intitiatives, mosque attacks, hate crimes, and quran burning) it is imperative to understand how racism is related to Islamophobia. This talk explores the complex history of the concept of race in relationship to Islam and Muslims in order to frame how religion is racialized. In the post-9/11 American context, the racialization of Muslims can be found in examples of stat