I felt a disturbance in the force, as if a hundred Minecraft modders all suddenly cried out "that gives me an idea!"

@johnrickard8512

3 ай бұрын

How exactly do they intend on generating the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000RF they would need to make a black hole?

@4orks976

3 ай бұрын

@@johnrickard8512Draconic Evolution Reactors

@johnrickard8512

3 ай бұрын

@@4orks976 oh riiiight...forgot that that mod actually does have a singularity generator. I remember making a Starship using like 200 Nuclearcraft Californium RTGs 😁

@Bowie_E

3 ай бұрын

Scicraft has entered the chat

@I-02

3 ай бұрын

HBM’s Nuclear Tech Mod getting another update in 0.2 seconds:

I just need to say "tapping that ergosphere" is my new go to euphemism...

@FleshWizard69420

3 ай бұрын

any (black) hole is the goal

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooooooo

Nothing like hyper-weapons that can make a C'Tan wave the white flag!

Anybody: Is it possible? Isaac Arthur: Yes. Anybody: You don't even know what "it" is. Isaac Arthur: Doesn't matter.

@atlanciaza

3 ай бұрын

Lol, so true.

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

Only true when the question arises because some damn fool thinks Tim Taylor Technology* doesn't scale. * From Tim Allen's standup and, latterly, his sitcom based on it, _Home Improvement,_ where he advocated improving various household appliances by slapping in a more powerful motor or engine. To comic results, of course, but real life is not bound by the genre conventions of standup or sitcom.

@Stormyano

3 ай бұрын

Cross-over episodes at the end of time

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

999999999ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

@EvelynNdenial

3 ай бұрын

@@boobah5643 i would kill for a home improvement style show with like halo forerunners or something getting into slapstick comedy and drama while casually doing stellar scale engineering.

My favorite recent example of this type of technology is the Quasi Stellar Obliterator from the Stellaris Mod Gigastructural Engineering. It turns The Supermassive Black Hole in the center of the Galaxy into The Personification of the Expression. You can never Have enough Dakka. And The rest of the galaxy basically goes "F to the Hell NO" and all declare war on you once you are committed to finish it.

@mill2712

3 ай бұрын

Assert dominance by winning.

@yuriko3362

3 ай бұрын

You can even turn it into a functioning super warship that uses planetcrafts as fighters using a submod

@vi6ddarkking

3 ай бұрын

@@yuriko3362 I know but I like using the Ancient Cache Of Technologies mod. And that makes it hard enough as is, to avoid the float loop bug because the hull, armor and shield points get so out of hand. So I don't really use it. Still fun to try and build one before the Blokkats come a knocking.

@FleshWizard69420

3 ай бұрын

"god may give you his toughest challenges but he also gives you his biggest gun"

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9oooooo

As kids we used to fear there is a monster under our bed. Kids on such mega-earths however will have real monsters under their beds.

@linz8291

Ай бұрын

Fear came from the unknown darkness, but we need to overcome fear to meet our friends in the brighter space. If we can't beat negative ideology, we won't beat a monster from kids thought. Keep growing to the space, as our ancestors came from.

I like neutron stars. They're basically giant rotors in space. Just build an equally giant stator and you have a generator of literally cosmic proportions. You can easily power a matrioshka world with something like that, and you don't need an Einstein or a Hawking to build it. Any space electrician could build one.

@dansmith16

3 ай бұрын

Not like Einstein could make anything since he steals the work of other people.

@tomkerruish2982

3 ай бұрын

Robert Forward had that in his novel Dragon's Egg. An expedition to a neutron star ran a loop of high-temperature superconductor cable around it to provide power.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooooooo

@oberonpanopticon

3 ай бұрын

⁠@@tomkerruish2982I wonder how that effected the Inhabitants of the neutron star. I really gotta read that story one of these days.

Honestly the Ultimate K3 "We did it because we could." Achievement would be a Fusion between The Birch World and the Anderson Disk. In our case an 100,000 light-year Diameter with the Supermassive black hole at its center where you could walk from one end of the galaxy to the next.

@maltheopia

3 ай бұрын

100k light-year diameter? Not saying you're wrong, but that kind of expects a lot of the notion of walking, don't you think? ;-)

@vi6ddarkking

3 ай бұрын

@@maltheopia We're talking about a K3 Civilization that had enough resources to do it. At that point. Some one will do it for no other reason that to be the first one to do it. After all at that point you'll be firmly in the doing thing just to prove we can phase of the civilization.

@maltheopia

3 ай бұрын

​@@vi6ddarkking Just sayin', if someone managed to pull that off, even Sisyphus would have to break down and admit he's a little sissy boy.

@ThirtytwoJ

3 ай бұрын

Supermassive black hole... Why does that remind me of my ex? Hmm.

@r3dp9

3 ай бұрын

@@vi6ddarkking To be fair, ALL stages of civilization have an element of "doing thing just to prove we can". Stonehenge, to name one of many examples.

I got into this channel many years ago at a young age to hear Isaac discuss ftl methods. At the time I was disappointed to hear that such an intelligent person (and noted optimist) wasn't optimistic about ftl ever becoming reality. Over the years Isaac has helped me fully realize the universe is amazing enough as it is and that there is so much to be learned and explored without bending the laws of physics.

@classarank7youtubeherokeyb63

2 ай бұрын

I feel like it's the science equivalent of learning that Santa isn't real.

You had me at "reach-around the black hole"

Looking forward to the episode on ramming antimatter black holes into black holes for fireworks displays.

@tomkerruish2982

3 ай бұрын

That won't work. Black holes created from antimatter are indistinguishable from those created from normal matter. (In physics parlance, black holes have no hair; their only distinguishing features are mass, angular momentum, and electric charge.) However, that's not the case with neutron and antineutron stars, which would blow up real good.

@thesenamesaretaken

3 ай бұрын

​@@tomkerruish2982I was going to argue but then I remembered that, yeah you're right. The curvature of spacetime is due to energy density, so throwing an anti black hole into a black hole just creates a black hole with their combined energies, and any annihilation of matter that may be happening inside is irrelevant. Also I remembered that the idea of a black hole made solely from photons already exists, and is called a kugelblitz.

"This isn't wormhole magic or frame dragging, it's basic mechanics and heat 101." - Isaac Arthur, on the topic of black hole technology.

There is nothing more human than looking at cosmic phenomenon and thinking "yea lets weaponize that!!!"

@linz8291

Ай бұрын

Com'on, why not is someone showing their love by unique cosmic phenomenon...😆

I have watched almost all of your videos, after stumbling across your channel last year. Keep up the great work, Isaac! Love from South Africa 🇿🇦 ❤️

@atlanciaza

3 ай бұрын

I'm also from SA, and have watched every video of his as well. Though I discovered him about 10 years ago.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooo

"... equations make my head hurt." funniest line I have heard all week! Thank you for that!

Love you SFIA. I need another event horizon with JMG.

Getting so much concentrated energy out of the small black holes suggests that the second law of thermodynamics would object to us making those tiny black holes. It's probably more work to create them than you get out. Might still be useful as a battery though.

@John-ir2zf

3 ай бұрын

Entropy and thermodynamics are (as far as we know) inescapable. Every conversion ALWAYS has lose. In order to beat entropy, you would not only need to eliminate all loss (which would be a break even) from the conversion, but actually gain some energy over what was used to create the black hole. Me, and thousands, maybe millions of intelligent people have spent combined eons trying to postulate a way around entropy. I've only ever conceived one slight possibility, but I don't have (or know) the math required to check the equation. Firing a laser JUST above the event horizon, as the laser skirts along the event horizon it would gain energy from the black holes gravitational pull, IF you could then intercept that same beam after its transit, it would be carrying more energy than you used to create it. IF you could have said beam hit a 100% reflective surface on your ship, you would gain the increased energy that was taken from the black holes gravity, plus the energy of the beam pushing back off of your reflective surface. So essentially your ship would gain twice the energy it used to create the laser.

@r3dp9

3 ай бұрын

@@John-ir2zf In that case you're still robbing energy from the black hole, though black holes have so much energy that it would be very hard to prove you were successfully draining energy from the black hole. Nah, the only way to capture every single scrap of photons and energy that escape into the interstellar void, would be to either: A) Collapse the entire universe back into a singularity, or B) politely ask the photons to come back. There might be other options I don't know about. Needless to say, we don't know nearly enough about our universe to know what's possible or what's feasible.

@John-ir2zf

3 ай бұрын

@r3dp9 Yes, correct, you would be stealing energy from the black hole. My error was that the original commentor was speaking about artificially created black holes, and I was thinking about naturally occurring ones. I would technically be possible to keep a laser coherent enough that energy loss to stray photos would likely be less than the energy gained from the gravitational energy stolen from the black hole. The angular geometry to map where the beam would exit the opposite side of the ergospere (preferably to make it return to exactly where it emanated from) is maddening though probably not out of the realm of possibility. The concept is sound though. A ship could generate one laser pulse, directed perfectly around the black hole, back to itself, absorb the energy added to the beam by the black hole, and in an ideal scenario, bounce that same beam back around the black hole for a second, third, fourth trip and gain energy on each pass. The aiming of the reflected beam becomes increasingly difficult as the ship begins to move, so this type of method mat be better suited to stationary power gathering versus using it as a type of drive system.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooooooooo

A wonderful and informative Arthursday video. Excellent work as always, Isaac.

@isaacarthurSFIA

3 ай бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9oooooooo

happy arthursday everyone ❤🎉

Thanks for another great video Isaac. One amusing thing I see some say is that if black holes were being used as mini Berch planets we would be able to observe them. We can't even observe the accretion disk and it burns brighter then a star (just smaller). The first and only accretion disk we have observed was last year and it was the outer edge of super massive black hole. There is no way we can currently see some waste heat coming from a stellar black hole, it would be dimmer then a brown dwarf.

Dumping waste heat into a black hole is EASY if you combine feeding your black hole with the good ol' Carrier cycle. If your fuel gets chilled to the bone via decompression and then picks up waste heat from the hab, and ensure what waste heat from initial compression is reflected into the black hole, you then have an efficient way to transfer waste heat into the black hole, and it will even improve the fuel efficiency of the reaction!

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

The question wasn't whether or not you could dump heat in; the question is what happens to the heat once you do. Some people have suggested the heat just... disappears once it hits the singularity, since a black hole obviously can't radiate the heat.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooooo

I just started reading Stephen Baxter's Raft before bed - this is a perfect tie-in for sleep! 😴❤

2 minutes in! How coincidental; been craving some mind-boggling megastructures just now.

@asahearts1

3 ай бұрын

I've been reading xianxia novels, and some of them take place on planets larger than the sun. Guess I now have a reasonable scientific explanation of how such a thing could exist in our universe. 😂

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9oooooooooo

I'm reminded of the perk in Stellaris from the giga-structure mod, (A Weapon to pierce the Heavens) Allows the civilization that gets it to weaponize an active galactic Black hole. I wonder if the mod makers were a fan of the channel or just loved to partake in similar content.

YES! A new SFIA video on Black Holes!

Isaac Arthur, you are outstanding! Such amazing videos and insight! Always a good time whenever your videos pop up. Please don't ever stop doing what you do AND thank you for being you! ☺️🌎❤️🕺🏻🔭

@isaacarthurSFIA

3 ай бұрын

Thank you! Will do!

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooooo

One of my favourite genesis theories is parent black holes creating universes. If the physical laws carried across with small variations that would mean physics in successive universes become more and more tailored to making black holes. This explains the fine tuning argument, the universe is evolved to make as many black holes (offspring) as possible, we are a happy coincidence 😊

@oberonpanopticon

3 ай бұрын

Our universe must suck then, cuz it could be way more well optimized for black hole creation. Just tweak the laws of gravity a tad bit and literally nothing except black holes could exist.

@scottseabrook149

3 ай бұрын

@oberonpanopticon How so? Given enough time our visible universe will create literally trillions of black holes, stronger gravity would slow expansion creating fewer but larger ones.

Great stuff!

Isaac should be banned from using the word "unimaginable," because every time he does he immediately goes on to imagine exactly that.

Great video as usual! Thanks!

@isaacarthurSFIA

3 ай бұрын

Thanks for watching!

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9oooooooo

Mmmm yes, gimme more stellaris tech ideassss

What inspired you to make video about science and futurism? Your video is filled with infomation and knowledge.And why you make fairly long video with length around 30-40 min? I wanna know

Ive never understood why its assumed the anti particle is the one that falls in instead of the particle. I assume since its random youd have anti n normal particles falling in at the same rate.

It's amazing how you play out so many possible scenarios. You must be amazing at planning road trips and stuff like that

A video with both black holes AND megastructures? Sign me up!

Excellent; fascinating as aleays

dude I can understand you so much better for some reason. I’m not sure if it’s because I’ve been listening to you for so long or what but for some reason I just noticed it!

If light can't escape a blackhole, is the animation a correct representation of what it looks like?

@isaacarthurSFIA

3 ай бұрын

I would tend to be dubious about the accuracy of almost any black hole animation and we used a variety of them today, but the light is usually from just outside the event horizon or higher and that's fine.

@jakubekch.3621

3 ай бұрын

Further you are from black hole the less pull force it has What you see on the edge would be the light from everything behind the hole It's hard to visualize the hole but that's the best we got

@norm3380

3 ай бұрын

Isn't the Black hole that was in Interstellar a fairly good representation?

@John-ir2zf

3 ай бұрын

The place that radiation CAN NOT escape from is at, or beyond the event horizon. The animations we usually see are showing an area outside the event horizon, where radiation can and does escape. What we see is the hot accretion disk outside of the black holes event horizon. That should always be worth noting, the ACTUAL "singularity" is NOT where the event horizon is. The event horizon is simply the spot where escape velocity away from the singularity rises above that speed of light.

@mr.mclibtard5015

3 ай бұрын

@@norm3380 is that suppose to be some kind of riddle?

2 questions 1.) Curious Droid said that something going into the event horizon of a black hole would experience time much slower than the ship outside. So theoretically, if you had access to an FTL ship; could you dive into a black hole and then come back out as a means of forwards time travel? Also the ship would presumably be resistant to heat and tidal forces. 2.) Venture City (another KZread channel) said that a ship moving at warp speed that accidentally passed a micro-black hole might leave warp speed many years into the future. I want to use that in my sci-fi story and want to know if it’s feasible. Yeah I am most interested in time dilation effects of black holes

@robertmiller9735

3 ай бұрын

Niven did that in one book. The ship lost 3 million years.

@Italianjedi7

3 ай бұрын

@@robertmiller9735 Oh wow. I was thinking just 20-25 lol

@robertmiller9735

3 ай бұрын

@@Italianjedi7 It was in a Bussard ramjet going 99%+, around the Galactic core.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooo

@linz8291

Ай бұрын

My answers, 1. If you are driving a FTL ship through the blackhole, the magnetic shieldings around the ship is the independent subject to the blackhole and space environment. That's mean your ship still traveling in the curved space, and time is measured by your interstellar distance and types of traveling methods(quantum tunneling, lorentz traversable wormholes, circulating laser beam, etc). And generally, you can decided the timeline according to your destination, so the time of blackhole outside is not really slower than your ship.

While materials to reflect gamma rays likely don't exist, perhaps you could use gravitational lensing to repeatedly slingshot gamma beam between two (or more) black holes in a figure 8 pattern, with the beam becoming more energetic each time it gets passed back and forth. Perhaps by injecting the initial beam at the right angle, the beam would slowly move further away from the black holes with each slingshot until it escapes in the general direction of the star system you intent to vaporize. Perhaps more black holes, magnetically manipulated into the correct alignment, could be used as gravitational lensing optics to focus and steer the beam.

I wonder, will the 1st black hole we get near be an artificial Black hole? Will we be able to make our own before we get the speed to get to the nearest natural one?

There goes Issac again, Mega-Hollow Earth Theory.

“Feeding ground reached. prey bountiful, at last we shall-“ “Oh it appears we have been atomized.”

Can waste heat be fed into a black hole ?

@GariFFUSA

3 ай бұрын

Short answer is yes

@isaacarthurSFIA

3 ай бұрын

Longer answer is "yes, but..." the thermodynamics of black holes is not well understood and may permit some thermodynamic-breaking options but we tend to assume they do not and we just haven't determined why yet

@isaacm1929

3 ай бұрын

Every two or three dimensional object, like the surface of a sphere that covers a black hole has two sides, one pointing AT it, the other NOT. In the side pointing AT it, you would have 100% re-usable heat, cause it would be sucked into. At the other side, you would have 0%. The problem isn't thermodynamics, in this case, but simple geometry. A onion shaped supersphere can reuse most of the heat emmited by catching and re-releasing it in the inside, but it would still have one surface pointing towards the edge of space.

@John-ir2zf

3 ай бұрын

Yes it can, but that can't be used to "camouflage" because the mass of the black hole would increase and that would be detectable. Also, raw entropy interferes in the ACTUAL waste heat that gets deposited. Say you used a massive tungsten heatsink to absorb waste heat. Now you have to move that tungsten heatsink in to the black hole. In moving that heatsink, you would generate more waste heat than the hestsink itself held because your moving the "mass" of the waste heat AND the heatsink. Entropy is B#*@h

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooooooooo

Oh this'll be great

you should do a video on transforming robots

I truly can't thank you enough for you to make this video. It will be a big help and confidence boost on my sci-fi writing journey. On another note, it seems like the artificial black hole creation technology has the same underlying problem as Dyson sphere building megaprojects: You would need the power from a black hole to create a black hole. Although, I don't actually know even the tiniest bit on how much power is actually needed, other than just _a lot_ . Would a Dyson swarm be enough? Or do we need to focus those superradiant scattered gamma rays into a single point to create one?

@isaacarthurSFIA

3 ай бұрын

We're discussing that next month, for black holes, for a dyson swarm you just need patience, there's nothing complex about them

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooo

Every time you talk about killing Cthulhu with a galaxy killing weapon I die of laughter. I'm sorry its so funny!

i like to think that black holes are just float point errors in the simulation.

Increase the ergs to maximum!

How would you control the aim the quasar cannon?

Could Hawking Radiation be viewed as the particle that fell in quantum tunneling out of it?

@xXevilsmilesXx

3 ай бұрын

No. That's not what hawking radiation is/means... At least in the way you've phrased the question.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9oooo

"God may give you his toughest challenges but he also gives you his biggest gun" describes the quasar cannon perfectly

Reminds me of Revenger, with the Swallowers in the Baubles.

I was surprised to hear you mention Gravitons matter of factly, did I miss that they are now more favored? (Serious question)

Amazing

Truly a Xeelee Sequence moment.

Mind blown.

I like this video its interestyng

Liked and shared

These star destroying weapons he talks about sound like the sun Crusher in the Star Wars legends novelization.

28:40 "That black hole represents a massive asset, *no pun intended."* Press X to doubt.

And now we have a Quasar Cannon in Helldivers 2

Einstein field equations make my head hurt; wisdom of the ages!

Black hole centered mega-earth sounds like an Elon Musk XXVI project.

2nd Q: if the above were true, would there be enough evidence to support the possibility that the event horizon is just matter/antimatter collisions, hence the gamma ray bursts when a black hole is "feeding"?

I mean... How would you stop the black hole from colapsing the planet/ asteroiid from colapsing into it? I don't mean to suggest that stone could not withstand the pressure of sitting on top of a black hole, or that you could not have some kind of extremely strong structure from stopping it entering. My main issue with it would be that adding that much mass to a body would compress it, heat it, and it would flow like liquid right into the black hole. I find that an extreme engineering barrier that would be harder to solve than the creation of a black hole itself. All of this would take monumental efforts, but some are more straight forward than the other to solve.

Would any of these actually work as weapons tho? Black holes can only consume matter at a certain rate, so no matter how many "shotgun shells" u try to load into it is how much it'll eject as well so there's a limit

Re: hawking radiation. Why must the escaping one be positive? I've never had this explained to me in a way that makes sense. It makes sense that for something to enter the black hole and reduce it's mass, it has to be negative, but why do we assume that happens rather than a positive falling in and increasing the mass or balancing out the negative ones falling in?

❤👍 love you

If one used the Black Hole itself as a power source, while also causing Fusion through the lowest layer of a Black Hole Accretion Disc, what kind of power output might be possible? At what distance away could the various living quarters of say O'Neill Cylinders and others be built?

Beyond Godlike Weapons episode neato torpedo !

Romulan tech. Yaaaay. Kidding.

i just wish the background music was lower

What would be the smallest black hole where the incoming mass equals Hawking radiation to create a constant bright black hole

I miss how your old episodes used to include a bunch of math to get a sense of the scales and factors involved. Still great though, of course!

You said you're not trapped until you reach the event horizon, but you're effectively trapped well before that. The escape velocity at the horizon might be c, but 0.9999c outside the horizon is gonna be about as impossible to achieve (especially if you'd be plowing through a greater-than-vacuum density of accreting particles at relativistic speeds on your way out).

The IA Algorithm has a pull greater than a Singularity and missiles greater than a Quasar cannon.

Building a shell around a smallish BH is a really bad idea. Surely you realise that the shell position is a metastable equilibrium and so will quickly end up with the BH touching the shell - and ingesring it! Can small black holes be moved around with magnets? No, Isaac, they cannot.

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

You'll have to explain why you think you can't charge a black hole and then manipulate it (or, more likely, the shell around it) with magnets.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9o

I keep reading that the split virtual particle pair explanation for Hawking radiation is not correct, and that it's really due to the Unruh effect.

But how would time dilation not cause some serious problems?

4:00 I think that's strong evidence that graviton don't exist.

@4:48: Gravitons probably don't exist, which is why black holes can have gravity.

"Natural black holes useless, let's make stellar mass one" check "Just two thin matter-streams to hit eachother, like LHC" check LHC few dozens mile wide, ship size, makes matter-streams of some atom nuclei, "easy". So we'll just need few trillion^trillion stars worth of mass for that large accelerator, erhm

3rd Q: if both above were true, could you (in theory) decrease the size of a black hole by directly feeding it only radiation in an attempt to exponentially decrease the half-life of it?

Now I am wondering how much damage highly advanced hard sci-fi civilisation could potentially cause to warhammer 40 000 universe. Wait. They can sterilise the galaxy.

I wish I could ask Darkseid how boomtube tech works..

i love your videos, BUT... topopolis doesn't mean "eternal river", it means {shape/place/space/topological}-city: Topos+'opolis in greek. Eternal-River would be Aioniopotamos (From My CustomGPT, 'Mnemosyne AI', that loves Greek, Physics, Sci-Fi, and Advanced Applied Mathematics: Input: what is the meaning of the compound word topopolis, comprised of prefix topos, and the suffix 'opolis? Output: The compound word "topopolis" blends the prefix "topos," derived from the Greek τόπος, meaning "place" or "location," with the suffix "-opolis," from the Greek πόλις, meaning "city." Thus, "topopolis" conceptually combines to mean "place city" or "city of a place." In speculative fiction and science fiction, a topopolis (sometimes referred to as a cosmic spaghetti) is a type of megastructure: a giant tube that is self-contained and home to a civilization, essentially a city (or cities) in space that forms a loop or tube, possibly encircling a star or stretching between planets or other points in space. The interior surface of the tube would be habitable, with the structure possibly rotating to create artificial gravity via centrifugal force. The idea is to create a living space that is both vast and adaptable to various environmental or cosmic conditions, representing a blend of human habitation (the "city" aspect) with the uniqueness of its spatial or cosmic "place." Input: how does topology tie to topos? Output: Topology, often referred to as "rubber-sheet geometry," is a branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, crumpling, and bending, but not tearing or gluing. The term "topology" comes from the Greek words "topos," meaning "place," and "logos," meaning "study." Thus, topology can be understood as the study of places or spaces, focusing on the qualitative aspects of space that remain invariant under certain transformations. The connection between "topology" and "topos" highlights the conceptual evolution from considering "place" in a concrete, geometric sense to understanding "place" in a more abstract, qualitative manner. In topology, the specific measurements and angles of a geometric figure aren't as important as the underlying spatial relationships and properties that define its essence. For example, a donut and a coffee cup are considered the same (topologically equivalent) because each has a single hole; they can be transformed into one another through stretching and bending without tearing the material or joining new edges. This abstract notion of "place" or "space" in topology allows mathematicians and scientists to analyze and categorize spaces based on their fundamental properties, such as connectedness, compactness, and the number of holes or "handles" a space has. These concepts have profound implications not only in mathematics but also in various fields such as physics, computer science, and biology, where the underlying structure and connectivity of systems are essential to their function and behavior.

That is SO rude, to just say "first" and say NOTHING about video!. Kids.

Seen

Quasar cannons might get rid of all the spiders in Australia.

@Mikkel.RS.1

3 ай бұрын

'might' heh

@VainerCactus0

3 ай бұрын

@@Mikkel.RS.1Yeah, I guess it's a little far fetched to imagine something like a Quasar cannon could do the job.

@Mikkel.RS.1

3 ай бұрын

@@VainerCactus0 Those pesky spiders are near indestructable in Aussieland, lol

Q: since a black hole is created primarily from the collapse of a star when it goes supernova, could we infer that primordial black holes were formed similarly in the first moments of the aftermath of the Big Bang?

If Blackholes can be used to sling shot spacecraft to near light speed and slow them down, how big do they have to be, how far apart from each other ( if you’re using two at a time like on a hot wheels track) and how to they slow down a craft as opposed to speeding it up again? I’m assuming it has to do with the direction they’re rotating but I assume there are more knowledge people about this topic than me.

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

Nah, in this case you're trading ship velocity for black hole velocity, just like when you sling shot with a planet. Since the black hole (or planet) is very heavy, and the ship is very light, the ship gains (or loses) a lot of velocity while the black hole loses a negligible amount. The deeper the gravity well, the acceleration you get. The direction you fall through the gravity well determines the vector change.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9oooooooo

water and other fluids boil (for turbine use) at 100º C or less. Surface temperature on the moon (light side) is 150. Solar furnaces could amp that to at least 3000º C. Moon is tidally locked (one side always with sunlight). Laser it to Earth. Bam, free energy (the cost of building and maintaining the machines)

@shanent5793

3 ай бұрын

The visible side of the moon doesn't always have sunlight, so if one side always has sunlight it must be the other side. Thus when we see a full moon, the entire moon must have sunlight?

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

Nitpickery: The boiling temperature varies by pressure. And even more by fluid. Also, as mentioned above, the moon is tidally locked to the Earth, not the sun. If you want to put a solar station in constant sunlight, try L1, L4, and/or L5. Technically, L3 is also in constant sunlight; it's just a trick to get any generated energy back to Earth.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooo

One thing i never understood, is that if virtual particles are a real phenomena, wouldn't they make black holes grow instead of shrink? The black hole keeps one particle whole the other escapes or even potentially falls back inside, right? It's not like a particle from inside the black hole is being lost right?

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

The explanation is that the particle that is absorbed has negative mass; when the black hole absorbs it, the black hole masses less. If I understood correctly, a negative mass particle would look like a positive mass particle moving backwards in time... so an observer would just see an escaping negative mass particle as a positive mass particle falling in. I still don't get why there's apparently a bias towards the black hole shrinking; the only explanation I've come up with involves twisting causality in ways I'm uncomfortable with, which makes me assume I've not really grokked the idea.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9ooo

The perfect trash bin

777k woo!

Had a stupid idea to give a black hole magnetic electricity. Drop dozens of Tesla's into it with full charge batteries lmfao 😂🤣

@boobah5643

3 ай бұрын

Doesn't work, because the Teslas have an equal number (or close enough as makes no difference) of positive and negative ions. Which is why you don't get shocked when entering or exiting the vehicle. You charge a black hole by shooting an electron or proton beam into it. Which can get tricky since, as it gains charge, it'll start trying to repel the charged particles you're using to charge it.

@user-kx4cf7iy5u

3 ай бұрын

9o

Like some necrons or daot humans super weapons

Notification squad!!