Quantum Annealer vs Universal Gate Based Quantum Computers | Is D-Wave a Real Quantum Computer?
Ғылым және технология
What is quantum annealer, and what can it do?
While they use quantum mechanical concepts, quantum annealers are great for optimizing solutions by quickly searching over a space and finding a minimum (or “solution”) and sampling problems. For optimizing solution, you can think of this as looking over a landscape and finding the low point. An annealer does that!
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DiVincenzo Criteria: arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/000207...
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0:00 Intro
0:57 Quantum Annealers
4:30 Universal Gate Quantum Computer
6:34 Can we solve the halting problem on a quantum computer?
7:05 Is a quantum annealer a quantum computer?
7:53 Why Qubit counts aren't the most important factor
9:14 Divincenzo Criteria for Quantum Hardware
10:54 Quantum Volume and how good a quantum computer actually is
Universal gate quantum computers have a broad application. This system relies on building really reliable qubits where basic quantum circuit operations, or gates, can be put together to create any sequence, running more and more complex algorithms.
Quantum computers, however, have their own set of gates that are very different from the set of classical computing gates.
Universal gate quantum computers can come in a lot of hardware implementations as well. Some are made of superconducting qubits, like the IBM, Google, and Bleximo quantum chips, others, like the IonQ and Honeywell machines are made of trapped Ions. However, other companies like psiquantum, is focusing on Silicon Photonic Qubits.
So, will we be able to solve any problem on a quantum computer that actually can’t be solved on a classical computer? Well, using a classical computer, we can always simulate a quantum computer with n qubits. it gets less practical to do so, so it’s really hard to have a quantum simulator beyond 30-40 qubits. But because a classical computer could simulate a quantum computer of any size, that means no, we cannot solve something like the halting problem.
Algorithms like Shor’s (to break RSA cryptography) and Grover’s (faster search) as well as the dozens of other algorithms will also be able to run on a universal quantum computer. What quantum computers can do is solve a certain set of problems faster than classical computer - but it cannot solve EVERYTHING faster.
What is quantum annealer, and what can it do?
While they rely on the same quantum mechanical concepts, quantum annealers are especially great for optimizing solutions to problems by quickly searching over a space and finding a minimum (or “solution”) and also sampling problems. For optimizing solution, you can think of this as looking over a landscape and finding where the low point is. An annealer does that!
Quantum annealers are built for translating Quantum unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) and Ising problems effectively onto quantum hardware. The problems this can solve efficiently are traveling salesman, scheduling problems, optimal placement problems, graph coloring problems, and even solving games!
The D-Wave machine is probably the most famous example of a quantum annealer.
It’s built using superconducting qubits, which is a design based on a Cooper pair (which is a pair of electrons, or any other fermion) with a Josephson junction. This is actually the same type of qubit used for many of the universal gate quantum computer systems!
What makes a good qubit?
The Divincenzo criteria:
1. A scalable physical system with well characterized qubits
2. The ability to initialize the state of the qubits
3. Long decoherence times, much longer than the gate operation time
4. A “universal” set of quantum gates
5. A qubit-specific measurement capability
IBM has come up with a metric they call “quantum volume” and other quantum computing companies have started using.
Quantum volume is a single number designed to be more mindful about calculating performance of a quantum system. It uses many more features of a quantum computer, including number of qubits, gate and measurement errors, crosstalk and the topology, or connectivity, of the quantum device.
So hopefully next time you read an article about a breakthrough in quantum computing qubits, you dig a little deeper and ask some more questions - what’s the type of quantum computer? How many qubits? What is the hardware? What are the error rates?
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#dwave #quantumannealing #quantumcomputing
Пікірлер: 144
Bravo! I shared this with Aaron our 10-year old quantum computing Intern, who is learning QUBO and ISING models to code the D-Wave annealer.
@AaronPlaysFunFacts
3 жыл бұрын
Hey I'm Aaron and I'm a Darkstar intern! Happy to meet you
You are so good a communicating complex topics in a simple, understandable way! Great video!
This is fantastic! For some time I was looking for quick summary of the difference between annealers and universal quantum computer. I can safely say, I found it :) Cheers from Poland :)
Now, this was worth my time !! Great content.
This was amazing video ! Almost all required information stuffed and condensed in this short. Great job to scripting this. Ver well done. One small request though, if narration pace would have bit slower then would help to grasp faster. I had to watch it thrice to grasp and understand completely and this only because of the pace. It would my personal issue. But thought to share with you. Thanks for a great video :-)
I love your videos! Certainly binge worthy. I find myself challenged to reach above my tech support field and strive for a thorough understanding.
This video is amazing, full of well explain topic. Thanks Marchenkova
Just discovered your channel, and I must admit your videos are very informative. Thanks
Very concise, informative and helpful. Wonderful content on Quantum computing as always.
You just making quantum computing a cool and an approachable concept. Thank you thank you
It was a really nice and informative video. Keep up the good work miss !!!
Best talk on quantum computing that I've heard so far! Thanks for bringing clarity and making it fun.
@Anastasia-Marchenkova
5 ай бұрын
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you so much!!!
Much need explanation. Thank you for the beautiful video.
Wonderful explanation, well described.
Incredible video! Always educational.
Absolutely excellent presentation!
Fell in love with the way this is presented ❤
I'm shocked how much I've understood from you. Thank you!!
@Anastasia-Marchenkova
11 ай бұрын
You're welcome 😊
this is great, Anastasia! I was reading up on annealing past few days but I needed this video to put it into context. Would you make a video on what's a topological quantum computer?
Interesting. I've read on the dwave annealing systems as well as the ibm or similar approach, and the arguments thats ensued over the years whether annealing is a quantum computer. I've always thought that they are due to the fact they are using qubits and the chandelier cooling system, to name a few. But I've always wondered what the current opinions are nowadays. Thank you so much for a very interesting approach to this question.
I definitely needed to put this on half speed and take breaks to look up the terminology. Great summary.
@seanstrygg
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova It was, most discussions of this topic are far too "hand wavy" I think.
I'm a 20-year-old dropout, but I still found this video easy to understand. Very well explained and formed video! Thank you so much. This was amazing. I did have to search many individual terms though ahaha
Great efforts. Thanks ana
thank you, Anastasia, for making again such an interesting video, well explained! ciao from the " Dam"
Super informative and get to the point. Love ya
Amazing content!
Very informative! This is great!
Excellent channel and content, just subscribed and looking into watching all the videos. Please, if you could create a video coding and teaching some simple quantum algorithm it would be awesome.
Excellent video!!
Thanks for all the efforts
As a PhD student working in nanotechnology and molecular quantum computing...... This some good shit
Love the content. It's amazing ❤️🙏🙏👍
Learned so much. Thank you! :)
It's much different from the news articles who focus solely on the "number of qbits". Great video 👍. But here are some questions at the back of the mind of most viewers... "what's in it for me"... How is this knowledge ever going to benefit me? Can I start a business or get a job? Addressing them would be great.
Your way of explaining things ...👍👍... awsome..keep growing...
@quantummayank6851
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova actually..so Nice to you...and I am so blessed that I found your channel.. because...this types of contents on QC is very ..hard to find on YT ....So Thank youu soo soo...much...☺️☺️
Happy 10k!!
Great explanation! Thank you
How are you solving decoherence in your machines? And if is with electromagnetic fields, how do you reduce noise? I really like the part of roughed landscapes this can be apply to almost any complex system
This video made me subscribe to this really informative channel.
excellent video !
thank you for a great video
Great content! Are annealers only made by DWave? And only with SC qubits?
So I have no relation with quantum/tech, but your voice is so good. I saw your 4 videos back to back😂
Thank you very much
awesome!! excellent content
Just found your channel - I'm enjoying it. General question occurred to me... Is a quantum computer quickly reprogrammable? Does it take some time to set it up, and more time to let things come to equilibrium before running the calculation? Usage and timing concerns, etc...
Can you use a quantum annealer to solve gradient decent problems and have better machine learning?
@henryfordfanofharpseals4057
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, D-Wave is specifically good at gradient decent.
Great video! But I have a question, so is IonQ’s 32 Qubit - 4 million quantum volume claim on their Website correct ? Thank you 🙃🙂
Can we simulate molecules using a quantum annealer.. because the working of an annealer (evolving to the lowest state ) seems very much like the VQE algorithms used to model molecules Gate model qcomputing?...I couldn't find a good answer anywhere 🤔
Hi. Have you ever seen the transition to quantum computing from the nuclear magnetic resonance field? And thank you for your videos! Спасибо.
I live in Boston and I would like to know why Worcester thinks it can be on the graph at 3:00
Can you make a video on uncomputation and why we need to uncompute things in quantum computers?
Gorgeous, super smart and educated! What else can you ask for!!! Long live the motherland!
What is your view about ion q quantum computer
What are the prerequisites to learn quantum computers. I'm from physics background want to do PhD in quantum computing hardware
Recommend you to create a vedio cover following content 1. Degrees and Majors for Quantum computing 2. Major Universities offering courses on Quantum computing 3.Job opportunities in Quantum computing 4. Countries which offer opportunities in Quantum computing 5. Companies that are offering opportunities in these areas
@daesong1378
Жыл бұрын
Just tell us if it will run Minecraft
Excellent!
silly question but kind of like gradient descent? and the one of the most asked, can a quantum computer multiply protein folding efforts?
Watching the video understand a course from Edx , from your recommendations )
Correct me if I'm wrong but as far as I understand D-Wave doesn't have a universal quantum annealer but the quantum annealing model is universal.
Can you help me write a research paper on this topic plzzz
I wish you had shown how an algorithm is mapped on to a gate based quantum computer, like you did for the quantum annealer chip
hi! considering we have perfect qubits, what's the relation between the number of particles we have in a molecule and the number of qubits we need to simulate it?
@HouseMusicLover001
2 жыл бұрын
you need 200 qubits to simulate an insulin molecule for example
i am a first year undergrad student at IISER in India am i too young to start quantam computing I can study for long hours (considering that I cracked JEE and a bunch of other exams) but this still sounds foreign to me.
**Question:** I have a rather complex problem in multidimensional space (6-18D depending on the problem at hand). The space itself has boundaries and we know that there is a limited number of minima. We want to find all the minima, not just the global minimum, but all the local minima in an unbiased way. MC annealing would need to run for... quite a long time. Translating the problem into Chebyshev polynomials and then dissecting it using Gröbner bases sounds overly complicated. Full search (grid -> find minima on the grid -> optimize grid minima) is taxing as even for 6D problem we need billions of grid points. The question is, can quantum annealing provide me with an unbiased search for all the local minima? It sounds like it can. Thank you for the answer!
Really useful content..like the way you present these concepts..you speak like a Quantum Rockstar! :) :) @Anastasia Marchenkova
very good
Your diagrams differentiating classical and quantum computing operations are great, can you make them available or link them? Thanks Screenshots may be poor.
@supportWCHS
3 жыл бұрын
I think Leonhard Euler coined "physical mathematics" centuries ago. I got that idea around 1980. Mathematics can be represented by physical objects. So, can we say atoms are physical objects that model quantum mathematics? Rigden's "Hydrogen" for the layman gets exponentially more complex chapter by chapter. He covers the cognition, philosophy and theology of the quantum physicists. Is hydrogen, singly or in swarm, the incarnation of the math?
Interesting stuff. I wish I could grasp these concepts more. Where would you recommend I could start, having only an engineering background and some programming?
@blockhook
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova got it. Thanks a lot :)
Thank you! It's valuable content. Is there any source that I can learn which manufacturer produces which type of quantum computer? Or in which areas players are in terms of quantum computers.
@bekirsahin2403
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova Thank you! 🙏🏻
курс математического анализа) ty for the video!
@rtnjo6936
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova кстати я подумал что ты рекламируешь книгу 'deep work' Она очень выделяется на фоне черных книг, мне аж захотелось загуглить ее, и если это так, то пять баллов маркетингу)
Anastasia, do you ever do presentations at universities? I just started a quantum computing club and thought you might be interested in visiting to talk to us about how you got to where you are now!
Do you think that by 2030-2040, quantum computer will be able to predict the weather exactly like back to the Future 2?
I Wish theres another explanation how It's work with Electron Telescope by generating all It's complex datas
Think round robin aquantum time. Around aes was it.. Got it and polynomial when to exponential of large numbers. So now we both goth into a so called a 2qubit errors. Solving a equation of einstein math problem. Awesome 😎
Have you ever meet Dominic Walliman from DoS?
Would it be possible for a universal gate based computer to have an instruction set like a classical computer.
@brothatwasepic
10 ай бұрын
Yes!
I have no idea what you just said. The only part I understand was the graph theory and the difference between annealers and gate-based. Also, the name Hadamard haunts me. I swear, when I hear his name I remember those darn complex hadamard matrices.
Hi Anastasia. Can you please recommend the bestUK based quantum computing course for beginners. Thanks a lot
@Kindlylisten3
3 жыл бұрын
MIT opencourseware. Visit that website for notes. I can't say but may be that helps you.
could you talk more about no cloning theorem?
@asifsaad5827
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova please...have a discord server of your! we would really love that! 🙂😌
Do you think everybody who is studying IT will be unemployed soon?
Love the content! Bitcoin episode??
@rearview2360
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova That's awesome! Very exciting!
I believe it is QUADRATIC unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), not quantum unconstrained binary optimization.
Something that I'm not getting here is why bother say "QA is limited to solving some optimization problems on graphs such as TSP and map Coloring", when we know these problems are NP-Complete and hence we can solve every other NP problem by converting it into the TSP or Coloring? doesn't this mean that Quantum Annealers aren't that limited? Also I'm a bit confused by the term "QUBO". you say it stands for " Quantum unconstrained binary optimization" but online the meaning seems to be " Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization". are they just simply interchangeable? Sorry for my ignorance on the subject I'm still trying to learn :)
Great
Framed sheet of cid nice
What's your MBTI type?
Woaaaa 😮
So like you dear!!!!
Cool
Wasn't there a famous quantum computation that turned out correct but they opened up the device and found the qubits had decohered, but the answer was still correct
@parmenides9036
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova Sorry my memory and understanding is terrible but aren't adiabatic quantum processes probabilistic so you've got a certain percentage chance that even if it's noisy inside there is a percentage chance you will still get the right answer?
I always check playback speed but it is never 1.25
DWave tweeted "D-Wave marks a major milestone on the journey to #QuantumAdvantage in a new peer-reviewed paper in Nature Communications. The research uses a D-Wave lower noise system to show 3 million times speed-up over classical alternatives on a real-world problem". Can you 1, unpack this, 2, identify world changing applications from DWave and 3, identify world changing apps from 24 startups at QIC, Quantum Industry Canada. What does Wall Street need to know about quantum disruption to industry, finance or the economy?
@supportWCHS
3 жыл бұрын
@@Anastasia-Marchenkova Wall Street and Artificial General Intelligence: Artificial General Intelligence may be sloppy thinking or a sloppy term because it does not specify a particular world. Let me illustrate: Stock markets were invented in Amsterdam in 1602 and over the centuries the men and women of Wall Street have largely reduced the world to numbers. So, will Artificial General Intelligence arise in the world of Wall Street? Will such AGI be achieved with legacy or quantum computers? A proof one way or the other might merit a Nobel prize.
💎 of Quantum Computing: BTW Are atoms themselves elemental quantum computers? Can we characterize atoms as machines? Machines that do computation? Quantum, of course. Elemental...the source of everything? The advantage of being a dummy is to be able to frame dummy questions!
Dont want to ask you to do anything, but i think it would be really helpful if you could make something like a tutorial series or something. If you dont know anything about this its really hard to follow. Too many terms that mean nothing to me. Couldnt you make an video for the absolute noobs like me? With an start and an endpoint?
🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻👍👍🙏🏻🙏🏻
Turns the quantum volume up to 100
Amazing video.All your video creative.I also interest in Quantum computing.I work in BB84 protocol.I read your suggest books. I want to talk with u.can i contact with you
@Kindlylisten3
3 жыл бұрын
Email her..
Addendum: DWave references, Scaling advantage over path-integral Monte Carlo in quantum simulation of geometrically frustrated magnets. By Wall Street I mean people who manage 42 trillion dollars investments and by apps, I mean, in the case of DWave 200+ applications.
@supportWCHS
3 жыл бұрын
You can save time by cross referencing KZread Up and Atom P and NP or similar videos as indicated. Vancouver has DWave, General Fusion, Carbon Capture, tons of super tech and, if you and friends lived there, you'd rock climb, ski tour, ski Whistler, and be super outdoorsy but it's no country for old men like me.
Young people today cannot only watch videos on 1.25x , but apparently they can also produce them.