Pulmonary Embolism
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I would like to thank the video contributors:
Artem Shestakov
Dr. Meena
Rizalyn Joy Gadugdug
Maria Salvacion Gonzales
An Overview of Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a fatal and a life threatening disease that involves the blockage of the main artery of the lung or any of its branches through a substance that may have reached the lungs through the bloodstream. A common reason for this type of blockage is a clot in the blood. A blood clot may be large or small in size, and there may be multiple clots.
PE belongs to a group of problems that are together known as venous thromboembolism (VTE). Venous signifies relation to veins, thrombosis means blockage of a blood vessel through a blood clot or thrombus and embolism takes place when a thrombus is detached from the site of its formation and travels with the blood flow to get struck in a narrow blood vessel at any place in the body. The thrombus is then known as an embolus.
Causes of Pulmonary Embolism
In majority of the cases, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the most common cause of embolism. In DVT, a blood clot or thrombus that has originated in a deep vein and travels in the blood circulation to get stuck in one of the blood vessels of the lung. The detached thrombus is known as an embolus and can lead to embolism. Most of the DVTs originate from veins in the legs or the pelvis. In rare cases, a PE may originate from a blood clot in the arm veins or from a thrombus originating in the heart.
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism
The symptoms are usually sudden in onset and may depend on the size of the clot. The present health status of an individual that is affected may also play some role in addition to how well the individual’s lungs can manage the clot.
Small Pulmonary Embolism may result in:
a) No symptoms at all which is common
b) Breathlessness that may vary from very mild to a high level
c) Chest pain which may be pleuritic and may result from the irritation caused by blood clot on the pleura around the lungs
d) Hemoptysis or coughing up blood
e) Mild fever
f) Tachycardia
A massive or multiple PE may result in:
a) Severe breathlessness
b) Chest pain that may be felt in the center of the chest behind the breastbone
c) Collapse or feeling unwell or fainting as a large clot may have interface with the heart and the blood circulation that may lead to a great reduction in the blood pressure.
d) Cardiac arrest in extreme cases where the heart may stop pumping blood due to the clot.
e) Indications of a DVT such as pain at back of leg calf, tenderness in calf muscles or swelling of leg or foot may be present. Calf may turn warm and red.
Diagnostic Tests for Pulmonary Embolism
Multiple tests may be conducted in order to confirm the diagnosis that may include:
a) A Blood test for D-dimer
This detects the fragments of breakdown products of a blood clot. The higher the fragment level, the more chances of blood clot in the vein. But, this test may be positive in many other cases such as a recent surgery or pregnancy and therefore this test does not necessarily diagnose a DVT or PE, but may indicate the likely probability of having a blood clot. It can help in deciding if future tests are needed.
b) CT Pulmonary Angiography and Ventilation/perfusion scan (V/Q or lung scintigraphy)
These are specialized scans that monitor the circulation in the lung and are useful as they can accurately indicate whether PE is present or not. V/Q is used in some cases where a CTPA may not be available or it is recommended to clients allergic to dyes or have CKD.
c) Ultrasound (Duplex Doppler)
This test indicates the blood flow in the leg veins and any blockage to the blood flow. In case a DVT is found, then a PE may be assumed as the cause of the symptoms.
Пікірлер: 128
I have a saddle pulmonary embolism. I thank God daily that the ER nurse knew exactly what was wrong. The EMT that took me in the ambulance kept telling me then her I was having a panic attack. She didn't listen and had a Dr in there within minutes. I had only one symptom, shortness of breath. After blood tests then a CT scan, I was told it is a monster. I owe her my life.
@melindalee7112
5 жыл бұрын
Susan I had a saddle PE as well in March. I also thought it was a panic attack after I came to. Called my friend and she forced me to go to get my niece to tale me to the hospital. Said I didn’t sound right as I was still struggling for air. Thank God I went but I am still weak.
@hel2471
4 жыл бұрын
you owe allah your life. she was just there at the right time sent to be there for you. your soul hasn't been called yet.
After having a newborn baby i injured my hip and sprain my ankle all in a 3 week period. So i was sendentary. All of a sudden i couldnt breath or walk and went into ER and they diagnosed me with PE. I was depressed. My health declined while in hospital. Fever was as high as 102, UTI, heart rate as hugh as 143. I thought i was going to die. Not to mention this all began Christmas day. Ive been here since Christmas and am hoping i get released today to get back to my baby. Hope it works out for u all
Best explanation of a PE I've come across - thank you. Maybe mention newer anticoagulants such as Xarelto (Rivaroxaban) that seem to be increasingly prescribed rather than Warfarin?
Very helpful I’ve had many PE’s. I am blessed to be alive.
@stephaniebrown4045
4 жыл бұрын
My first ever and I'm glad to be still alive. I keep updates to my PCP and I regulate exercise moderately and finally got the will to keep from smoking even as little as I was. Thanks for your comments very enlightening.
My Mom in Law is suffering from PE, this presentation gives us an understanding of the condition. Keep up the Good Work. Thumbs Up indeed . Thanks
2 weeks since my PE event. Started Eliquis upon discharging after two days of Heparin in the hospital. This was a very clear explanation! Thank you so much.
I am grateful for your videos and that you look stylish in them too!!!
D-Dimer wasn't conclusive and took 2 CT scans to find my multiple PE, I could have died from this. Ty for making the video to better see how it can happen and educate people on symptoms!
@larrynapier5003
7 жыл бұрын
jbrdbr111 I did die from one! Good job!
Thank you!
This video was very informative. I have learned so much just from view this presentation on pulmonary embolism. Thank you so much for your time and effort on teaching this interesting topic.
Great review of PE. Thank you!
thank you great video
That was an excellent presentation. The things were plotted in a way systematic manner.
Thank you for the Video.. I loved it..
Thank you. This is very helpful in understanding PEs as a recently diagnosed patient. Would love to here more about the newer medicines like Xaralto.
great video thanks
spot on presentation
I really love your video and the graphics of how certain medical condition works. It's very informative and makes it easier to understand the concepts and theory.
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+giocurve Thanks so much for letting me know! I really appreciate it! Looking forward to seeing you on here again soon! xoxo - Caroline
Very informative. Thank you
Very helpful and things were explained clearly.
Very informative video! I'd say the best in helping me understand what I have so thank you for your time creating this video. I was just diagnosed with PE as I have 3 clots in my lungs :(. a little scared to be honest. ....and coming from nowhere and respectfully speaking, I think you're beautiful Caroline, take care.
Awesome!
Cool video! Just wanted to say thanks, your videos are a big reason I got my red patch!
very informative,thanx a lot......
Thank you! Very helpful review. :)
Thank you so much for your video! The way you present the information is awesome. I am a final year nursing student in Hong Kong and I will get my licence 4 months later. It is glad to discover your channel before I start my nursing career!
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+Aaron Law You're welcome! I'm glad to see you here and also congratulations on your achievement. I wish you all the best in this field :) Thanks for the sweet thoughts. See you. -xoxo
Thanks for sharing much information about the diseases :)
Beautifully done! Your videos are so helpful, clear and concise. Keep up the great work!
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+aaliyah2g1 Aye! Thank you for the compliment. I'm glad you find it helpful. It means so much. Have a great day ahead! See you. -xoxo
very nice video,explained in a elaborated manner
wonderful video! love it..
i think each video should contain 3 questions at the end. Just a suggestion... besides that, your videos are clear concise, and thoroughly put together. TY!!
Thank you for the video! This was helpful.
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+allieloffredo Your welcome 😊 Thanks a much for letting me know that you liked it! See you soon!!
thnks teacher💕💕
Amazing
great!
good work
Excellent overview of PE!
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+dorkyxana Glad you like it! Thanks for letting me know, I appreciate it a lot. Can't wait to hear from you again. -xoxo
i love your videos its very quickly and easily to learn can you upload psychiatry videos i am very thankful really you are a great teacher
Great presentation and video... but can we try for 1080p or 4K quality please?
thankyou
@empowern
7 жыл бұрын
Your welcome! xoxo - Caroline
i am an mbbs student , your video helps me so much .Thank you so much ...... ;)
@empowern
7 жыл бұрын
+Yokesh yoke at a is so much for letting me know! See you soon!
awesome video's. can you add the nursing interventions or the nursing process in general please?
Was a good video and helped me to learn a lot. However, I wish you would have also included some non-pharmalogical nursing management.
video was great! loved the content!
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+Ali iammatteo Hi Ali, Thanks so much for letting me know! I really appreciate it! Looking forward to seeing you on here again very soon! xoxo - Caroline
super!
Great content and graphics, thank you! Music made it harder to focus on content and audio.
Good presentation. Can you please add nursing interventions of PE?
Great great video. I can't seem to get the link to the post quiz on this disease process. Did you include a link?
Love these videos! :)
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+misstatortot That's awesome to know. Thanks for letting me know. Looking forward on seeing you here again. -xoxo
Very helpfull
@empowern
5 ай бұрын
Glad you think so!
thank you beautiful woman!
Thanks I like your video
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+Natsi Goitom Your welcome! Thanks for letting me know! xoxo!!
Thanks xox
@maheshmarinel6816
6 жыл бұрын
Thank for the video I would like to get more because am a PE
Liked before i watched the video 😊 keep up the great work - Shane.
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+pinkpunkrock haha thanks love ;)
Great video~ Thankyou
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+JoAnna Hulitt My pleasure! I do hope it will help you out a lot. See you here again soon. -xoxo
@joannahulitt3161
8 жыл бұрын
Thank you!!!!
very nice and helpful video..
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+Zeinab Zeinab Thank you so much for letting me know you find the video helpful. Have a great day and God bless. -xoxo
Thank you for this video I just got diagnosed with this 2 weeks ago and I also have a large one by my heart the lung specialist dont want to do anything about it but keep me on the blood thinning medication I'm only 31 years old with 4 kids in I'm freaking out because I never been through this and they not sure what made me clot and were it came from so we are running more tests. Can you do a video on a blood clot by the heart and a few in the right lungs.
Thank You,can you explain why I have a IVC Filter and have to stay on Warfarin ? My PE was the biggie,my boy kept me alive with CPR and that was 11-20-2011, I do have some curious problems,I also experiencing lung issues,I am just 58 I was 52 when I had my PE,my left leg was swollen but after the PE went down,I am on a low fat,low sodium,no sugar and no vitamin K diet,any opinion or expression of the cause does not create a obligation for care on your part/ I larry d.napier hold you harmless. Great Video
On anticoagulants for life since August 1989 age 27. I'm now aged 54. I've had 5 pes and 30 dvts in that time.
@sapnathakur242
3 жыл бұрын
Please tells me besides anticogulent....what type of exercise you took
@oojimmyflip
3 жыл бұрын
@@sapnathakur242 lots of walking and its kept me slim to.
@sapnathakur242
3 жыл бұрын
Walking how many hours in a day ple reply
I'm a male, 31, and I had a leg injury in 2013. It was a dislocated knee cap, and, six weeks later, I broke the knee cap. My leg was immobilized for 3 months. I can feel my blood pulse through my left thigh, which is where the injury was; however, it's not doing it in my right leg. I'm worried. I will go to the doctor soon. Should I not take iron supplements?
hi...is it normal to feel chest pain after the patient was discharged diagnosed with pe???thanks
i wish u were my instructor too!
@Yokeshyokemy
7 жыл бұрын
exactly me too feels the same :D
informative. :-)
Hi could you please do a video on how to cope with your period while taking warfarin , I was diagnosed with a PE at 35 weeks pregnant my son is now 3 months old and I've been moved from tinzaparin injection to warfarin . Due to warfarin I can't control my periods ? And they're extreme heavy ? Any advice please . Thank you xx
Great Video and nice dress too lol
You didn't mention anything about diet and lifestyle risk factors !! What are they??
In the description you say it is fatal. You should change that to “possibly fatal.” Big difference.
Hello Girl make a video on PVD(PAD)
I have problem embolisms & thrombosis, its high till my tummy the reson I got this problem because I had car accident 8 weeks ago my knee broken and I got surgery to fix the knee, but after one week I felt to much pain my leg swelling each day, doctors and specialist about embolisms & thrombosis they can't make any surgery because it will be to much risk and all what they give me each day injection first 40mg it doesn't work then 60mg doesn't work then 80mg it was so strong but it helps alot to make my blood thin and flowing . I am still in hospital and I hope with pills it will work . Today I feel much better and my leg become soft again .. I will be glad to be home again .. it's really painful . Please take care of ur self all and don't be in my condition. My condition it's a real nightmare
Love your channel but can't figure out how to turn off the music?
Great! But the music doesn’t let you focus!
great video! But the music was distracting
Great information. Music is very distracting.
I wish you're my instructor:)
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+Natsi Goitom I am :)
I have a pulmanary embolisims in my lung and they put me on equilus. Is that a good blood thinner????
@empowern
7 жыл бұрын
+Dennis Sanford Hi Dennis, I'm sorry to hear that. However I'm glad to hear you are being treated. Eliquis is new to me, but I have heard good things. I see a lot of Physicians prescribing it for their patients now. I hope this helps!
@loveboy11me
7 жыл бұрын
Dennis Sanford I have been eliquis for two years after suffering my second P.E. I believe that it's better then warning. They definitely in the process of my a reversal.. I'm on blood thinners for life. Pray that I don't have to be.
@shars7078
5 жыл бұрын
eloquis and xaralto cannot be measured in the blood, and cannot be reversed. Stick with warfarin, blood tests may be pain but once you get in your therapeutic range ... it's smooth sailing. You don't have to give up salads..tailor the meds to your lifestyle. With warfarin if there is an emergent situation ie: car accident...it can be reversed with vit k
hey guys..my bro is in such a situation and had a cardiac arrest yest..he is still on ventilator..his bp and heart pulse is normal bt doc has still kept him under observation...:(
@hesseldraaijer7938
7 жыл бұрын
Hey there, I'm sorry for your brother. How is he currently doing?
I thought your video was very informative, the constructive criticism I have is perhaps your introduction could be shorter and you might pay more attention to your monologue because you did make an error in the part where you talk about echocardiogram but you said electrocardiogram instead. But overall I thought it was very helpful and well organized. Thanks!
It is good but the background music is louder than the teaching.
Please take this seriously my boyfriend may have died from a clot to the lungs 2 weeks ago. An autopsy will tell us the cause. He was saying he can't breath and then had chest pain. Within 5mins of calling the ambulance he was gone.
@davidisabuuniqueone4815
7 жыл бұрын
Leesha Lees how is he doing now?
No music please.
What would lungs sound like in a patient with a PE?
I understand why... but just because it's in/from the U.S. - calling them clients. It's just wrong in my head, doesn't really sit for me. Should a person need medical assistance, they then get it. Nice instructive video otherwise. Thank you.
This would have been a great video if it weren't for the background noise!!! Totally unnecessary and distracting.
very informative,thanx a lot......
Thank you for the Video.. I loved it..
@empowern
8 жыл бұрын
+Joane Elsy You're welcome! Thanks for letting me know you love the video. I do hope it will help you out a ton. I'll be glad to see on here again. -xoxo
very informative,thanx a lot......