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@manichaean1888

3 жыл бұрын

Please do some video on BMAC. It is likely one of the early developed civilization traiding with Indus Valley and Near East and either destroyed or assimilated after its natural decline by proto-Indo-Iranians on their way to India and Iran respectively.

@raghavarvoltore6517

3 жыл бұрын

To be fair why don't you present the OIT side as well. Please interview Shrikant Talageri or Nicholas Kazanas or be Koenraad Elst who propounded the Indian homeland backed up with evidence. It be would be nice for a non-Indian channel to give a Indian view as well apart from the Hindu polical and social reasons.

@keithprice475

3 жыл бұрын

@@raghavarvoltore6517 I second that! The closeness of Sanskrit to the theorised PIE and the implausibility of Vedic culture deriving from the steppes as set out by those theorists needs to be properly taken on board.

@manichaean1888

3 жыл бұрын

@@donjohn8688 There are experts that say that humans are from the outer space. India is well known for its blind nationalism that rejects all reasonable explanations of the modern science. Don't try to bring this virus here. We have a Turkish nationalist in comments already. You can argue with him. The Turks and Indians are opponents worthy of each other when it comes to question who is the father of all nations )))

@raghavarvoltore6517

3 жыл бұрын

@@donjohn8688 Why should he? There are pseudo-scientific claims from either side plus this channel is a history channel.

This video would be more understandable if there were more maps and fewer stock photos and film clips.

It’s sad to realize that so much history is lost forever

@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449

3 жыл бұрын

It is a tragedy! It is amazing to think about what we will never know.....

@hiddenintheshadows1469

3 жыл бұрын

Basically every history book should start with empty apges, stuff that happened but we don't know !!!

@Auggies1956

3 жыл бұрын

Even worse than beliefs from long ago have been debunked by archeology but it won't be disclosed because of the sensitivities involved it.

@twonumber22

3 жыл бұрын

Imagine watching Cortez melt Aztec artifacts.

@giovanniacuto2688

3 жыл бұрын

A lot of that history, if known, would tend to show the peoples involved in a bad light. Yamnaya male genes spread - female genes did not. It is reasonable to suppose the Yamnaya probably slaughtered the men they encountered in their travels and impregnated the women. Tough if you are a non-Yamnaya man

I want to love someone as much as this guy loves saying "Yamnya".

@aaaaaaa_aaaaaaaaaa

2 жыл бұрын

HAHAHAHA same

@nl2126

2 жыл бұрын

This means "hole" in the ground

@AS-vq3wt

2 жыл бұрын

This is all bullshit. I'm from Pakistan and our Indus civilization is 10000 years old. Pre dates all this yamnaya garbage

@patrickklocek3332

2 жыл бұрын

@@AS-vq3wt Pakistanis are Indo-European. The mohejo-daro people pre-date the Aryans but probably NOT by 10,000 years. Pakistanis are not descendants of the Mohenjo-Daro people.

@AS-vq3wt

2 жыл бұрын

@@patrickklocek3332 The northern people have links to Europe but certainly not the people of Punjab or further south. We are the grandsons of Mohenjo Daro. Greatest civilization humanity has ever seen. Close second is our brothers in Mesopotamia. The people of Uruk. Notice that I didn't mention Greeks or any European peoples. That's because they were never great. Only a creation of western media.

In respect of the genetic evidence that the Yamnaya/Indo-European migration into Europe included no less than 14 times as many men as women, and the modern population of Europe is majority descended from Yamnaya in the male line and from the earlier Neolithic population in the female line, I suspect that the video is giving us a toned down and nicer version of what really happened. I expect that the nature of the interactions between incoming Yamnaya, and the established New Stone Age farmer and remnant hunter-gatherer populations already in Europe varied from place to place. However, genetic survival has nothing to do with fairness or justice and everything to do with doing whatever ensures that one's own and one's kins genes form as high a proportion of the next generation as possible. Yes, as the video says, the incoming Yamnaya with their horses and chariots and bronze tools, weapons and armour may have seemed wealthier and therefore more desirable husbands to women from the settled Stone Age farmer population, although we do not know how much choice in who they married young women were allowed by their families in those days, before written records. However, as happens, driven by genetic logic, among animals such as gorillas and lions, modern morality aside, the logical thing for the men in an incoming Yamnaya migration, especially if bringing few of their own women with them, would be to use the considerable military advantage that horses, chariots and bronze weapons and armour must have given them over a native population fighting only on foot with only Stone Age weapons, to kill the local men and steal their women by force, including rape. This seems to have been accepted practice in the oldest surviving European literature, composed about half way in time between us and the presumed date of the Yamnaya (and probably Indo-European) migration into Europe, Homer's epic poems the Iliad and Odyssey, which are in an early form of Greek, which is an Indo-European language, about the Trojan War and its aftermath. At one point in the Odyssey, Odysseus, the king of the small island of Ithaca, who is meant to be a hero, recounts briefly and matter of factly, as though it was a normal and acceptable thing to do, that on his way home from conquering Troy, finding himself and his men near the country of a people called the Kikones (or Cicones), who had been allies of the Trojans and were thus his enemies, he immediately fell on their nearest town: 'I laid waste their town and destroyed them [i.e. the men]. And we took their wives [literally, 'bed partners'] and much loot out of the town to share out among ourselves.' This makes his men so happy that they insist on staying to celebrate, drinking wine looted from the town and slaughtering and roasting cattle and sheep they capture from the countryside round about. And it is accepted that the Greek warriors may have sex with the Kikones women they have captured. Thus the Greek men's DNA, mixed with that of both Kikones women and their own Greek women back at home, looks destined to be a high proportion of the next generation in that region, while the Kikones men's will not. Apart from the fact that at that date they would more likely have drunk beer or mead than wine, similar scenes probably took place many times as the Bronze Age Yamnaya invaders swept through the settlements of the previous Stone Age inhabitants of Europe. Indeed, this may be what the mostly male Yamnaya invaders mainly came for.

@LilBriskoTV_

7 ай бұрын

There weren’t any Greeks then. Greek is the name for the people of modern day Greece. The Trojan War was a war between Illyrians-Pelasgians. Dardanians and Achaeans. Homer mentions the Pelasgians all over Greece and that Achilles prays to the oracle of Dodona the seat of the Pelasgians. The war was fought between tribes that were once friends and allys. The descendants of Illyrians today are the Albanians.

@jonm8513

7 ай бұрын

As it ever was before the modern era, no one had a good time, women had a bad time.

@Alex.af.Nordheim

6 ай бұрын

I think the Turkic invasion of Anatolia is a similar scenario in comparison.

@rachdarastrix5251

6 ай бұрын

@@jonm8513 During the modern era however, no one had a good time.

@jonm8513

6 ай бұрын

@@rachdarastrix5251 I don't know about that. Compared to everything else, modern humanity, on the whole, and particularly the denizens of the West have had a pretty decent time.

The practically all men thing made me think of New France in Canada where it was pretty much all men fur traders, looking for pelts to sell back home. The same would apply to Russian mostly all-male fur-traders venturing into Siberia around the same time. But yeah, also reminiscent of Vikings. Young men looking for land, due to lack of it back home beyond the oldest son to inherit. Thinking to the Yamnaya homeland being in the Steppe, fur would be very valuable. Cold winters, and even cold nights during summer. For the Yamnaya venturing into the forests of Europe to find good quality pelts might have been very lucrative even back then. Raiding any villages on the way an added plus. Setting up posts that eventually turn into cities, and having the wealth to attract local women. In that case similar to how Viking set up Dublin, Cork, etc, in Ireland. Of course once the land is also noted as farm worthy. That would be like a YAMNAYA GOLD RUSH. ALL MEN LOOKING FOR GOOD LAND!!.

@MarkVrem

3 жыл бұрын

@@kLOg81 good stuff!

@grandmastersreaction1267

3 жыл бұрын

Izvrsno promatranje. Bravo

@giovanniacuto2688

3 жыл бұрын

@Chinese for supper The Vikings settled Iceland. 25 per cent of female DNA there is Scottish not Scandinavian.

@someopinion2846

3 жыл бұрын

I think the current idea of the mode of migration of the Yamnaya/IndoEuropean peoples into Europe is wrong. I think they came by sea, not by foot, colonizing first the coasts of Europe (at least the R1b haplogroup did), and they came for tin and slaves, since they came with the bronze age technology.

@piperar2014

3 жыл бұрын

@Chinese for supper Ireland had churches and monestaries which had gold and silver. Unless you meant only trading and exclude raiding.

It should be noted that the horse population from the Botai group did not genetically extend into current horse populations either to the West or East. So while the domestication of horses may have been passed as knowledge, the breed did not.

@bakters

2 жыл бұрын

@Pojka This Botai paper was recently criticized. It immediately triggered my BS detector deep into the red zone, when they stated that "at least some mares were domesticated". That's nonsensical. You domesticate a species, not an individual animal. Willful ignorance? I suppose so. I can hardly imagine someone writing a possibly break-through paper on early domestication, yet he does not understand the difference between domestication and taming. Most probably an intentionally misleading statement, aimed at sensation seeking journalists, or thereabouts.

@vortex_1336

2 жыл бұрын

@@bakters That does sound sketchy. Especially since mares are much easier to tame than stallions. Wild stallions can be pretty vicious.

@bakters

2 жыл бұрын

@@vortex_1336 There's another problem with this work, which I became aware on some lecture by one of the authors. He stated, that Botai people likely got the horse already domesticated from elsewhere. My guess is, that somebody started wondering, how come hunter gatherers with no experience with herding and such, managed to domesticate the horse before dedicated pastoralists did that. So the answer would be, that they traded or stolen the horses already domesticated, which happened in Americas. The problem? The genetic studies show that those horses do not belong to the same lineage as our domestic horse. So, that seems rather unlikely... The only result that still supports the original thesis, is the supposed long term reliance on milk. I remain skeptical, until someone else repeats the measurements, or some genetic studies confirm, that Botai people had lactase persistance gene. Otherwise it looks like they were a hunter-gatherer group specialized on hunting horses. It does not exclude the possibility of taming some of the animals, just like Zebras can be tamed,. Zebras are *wild horses* , though.

@vortex_1336

2 жыл бұрын

@@bakters Domestication was a process. They most likely started out herding horses for food like cattle. The steppe horses were originally small like ponies. Which is why the theory is that they actually invented chariots before saddles and horse riding.

@bakters

2 жыл бұрын

@@vortex_1336 " Domestication was a process." Of course. The question remains, did they actually do it? Did they remove violent and hostile to humans genes from the gene pool they controlled, over many generations? I doubt exactly that. "the theory is that they actually invented chariots before saddles and horse riding." Chariots? Definitely not, because chariots are a specialized war equipment. Saddles aren't necessary for horseback riding. Regarding ponies, I actually have some experience with horses that size. I was considered to be too big to ride them, but that's because I'm a modern, full sized man of 82kg (at the time). Still, the horses would carry me. It just made little sense to put a heavy man on a small horse, if bigger horses were available. In other words, I suspect they have ridden a horse before they invented the wheel, though obviously I am not sure of it. It just makes sense to me. Building a cart is a complex process when compared to simply trying to mount a tame animal. (The ponies I speak of live in the wild and in stables. The are a primitive breed. Very similar to wild horses.)

The Yamnaya were known for heir large herds of horses, as well as their wagons. We know the Yamnaya that migrated into Europe, covered wagons, and horse herds, (they were horse breeders). The women and children rode in the wagons, while the men, and boys rode the horses. They carried the farm hen, and plant seeds, for later cultivation. Later in European history, we witness Germanic tribes migrating the same way: Covered wagons, oxen, and horses. These migrants from Central Europe, brought with them their ox-driven heavy plow, and Three-Field-Crop-Rotation methods, (something even the Romans were ignorant of).

@plopdoo339

5 ай бұрын

Well the Yamnaya only adopted farming and agriculture AFTER they interacted with the European agriculturists.

So nice to receive this information and to hear a great effort on your part to speak the ancient words correctly. Well balanced presentation. Thank you!

This is missing a big part of the picture, which is the Bell Beaker culture, which was contemporaneous with the Corded Ware and occupied Western Europe around modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and the British Isles. Most of the present-day inhabitants of that region are descended from the Bell Beaker people, not the Corded Ware people. The Bell Beaker people are thought to have also been Indo-Europeans.

@ashleigh3021

3 жыл бұрын

They're descended from them by proxy because they're literally the same people, which is why it's not mentioned. Bell-beakers were just a marginally different cultural complex.

@ashleigh3021

3 жыл бұрын

@AmenRaHotepKwamemuhDyk Porchprimatesheetskinn ngr Except it wasn’t just pottery, and that’s an outdated view not supported by the DNA studies we’ve had in the last 8-10 years

@halk3

3 жыл бұрын

@AmenRaHotepKwamemuhDyk Porchprimatesheetskinn ngr See "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe" by Olalde et al., 2018.

@freandwhickquest

3 жыл бұрын

@@halk3 that paper clearly shows that bell beaker phenomenon spreads due to cultural interaction, originating in iberia and culturally expanded into central europe. So, beaker package doesn't represent mass migrations. Britain was the only exception where the arrival of beaker artefacts seems to be related to actual polulation movement. That paper actually supports the view beaker phenomenon was due to spread of ideas for most of the time. Earliest beaker burials from iberia didn't show steppe ancestry. It seems that british beaker people were descended from several steppe related northern european tribes who adopted the beaker pottery and brought that to britain which created the illusion that beaker was an "indo european" thing. (Arrival of steppe genes into iberia and southern france was due to later migrations)

@halk3

3 жыл бұрын

@@freandwhickquest The title of the paper is "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe". It wasn't just Britain. It was also northwest Europe.

Who did the artwork for this video, particularly the artwork starting at the beginning of the video, the 3 cavemen/standing stone ? If you could lead me to a website /name of artist etc.

The collision of these two populations was not a friendly one, not an equal one, but one where the males from outside were displacing local males and did so almost completely,” Reich told New Scientist Live in September. This supports Kristiansen’s view of the Yamnaya and their descendants as an almost unimaginably violent people. Indeed, he is about to publish a paper in which he argues that they were responsible for the genocide of Neolithic Europe’s men. “It’s the only way to explain that no male Neolithic lines survived

Where we all came from can be investigated by the study of archaeology, linguistics, folklore,etc.,but the massive advancement of genetics has given us a Golden Age of anthropology. When it comes to insights into who we are, it's an amazing time to be alive.

Is the map at 0:43 from a book or wiki page? It would be nice to study it more closely, if anyone knows the source, it's appreciated

12:40 Farming started in the Levant and Anatolia, precisely where the Anatolian Theory says Proto-Indo-European comes from!

@mahipalcharan6690

Жыл бұрын

But Persian, Parthian, Madian, Dacian, Khivian, Paisachis, Balochs, pakhtuns, Sarmatian, Phrigian, Helenic, Druid, Vaikarte migrate this way After Ten king battle Vaarshagir battle kzread.info/dash/bejne/ipmsy5iDmbXLoM4.html 🤔👈

@mahipalcharan6690

Жыл бұрын

Defeated King Kavi Chayman Parthava Parthian decendent king Kavi Khusad Founder of Iranian Kavian Dynasty according to firdousis Shahnama kzread.info/dash/bejne/g2t-2sSYmcu4qKg.html 8000BCE

@mahipalcharan6690

Жыл бұрын

Chronology Documentary film kzread.info/dash/bejne/q5ehpZuompuzYrw.html 🤔

@mahipalcharan6690

Жыл бұрын

Calendrical Syestem Chronology kzread.info/dash/bejne/gZOIzbqpmrbco5c.html 🤔

@mahipalcharan6690

Жыл бұрын

Genetics kzread.info/dash/bejne/e4KtyZpvgNm5k7A.html 🤔

awesome video!

this video was awsome, thank you👍

I have heard somewhere that Corded Ware Came from Kurgan around same time as Yamnaya, which led to bell beaker, etc in Europe.

To demonstrate the PIE speakers were farmers, and not just herders, he says PIE had a native word for wheat. Hmmm... What would that be? It's not *ĝr̥H₂-no-, "grain" (too broad). It's not *pewh₂- "mow, harvest", possibly borrowed from Semitic "wheat". *h2ed- came to mean too many things to be pinned down, though in some languages it's "emmer wheat". Hittite šeppit is borrowed for sure. In other words, the data seem to show the opposite of his conclusion on farming: they knew (and perhaps harvested) barley, but their farming words were unstable, unlike their herding terminology. Some of these farming words were borrowed (with the novel practice), but in any case they often referred to different crops in the daughter languages. So perhaps, as others posit, they were herders only, albeit gathering and occasionally tilling specific crops (like barley, but likely NOT wheat).

@ANTSEMUT1

3 жыл бұрын

Interesting hypothesis.

Good afternoon, the prefix ista comes from the Greek Iso. This comes from Indo European iddo and this in turn from Proto Indo European id + Yeti. Could you tell me which verb this Yeti comes from? I know id part this. I can't find Yeti's translation anywhere on the internet.

Whoever the original Indo aryan folk were they spread not only into Europe but right down into India. When you dig into both the Irish and the Hindi traditions you find that the stories differ but the elements within the stories obviously came from a shared origin, sort of like a game of gossip going off in two directions, after a few thousand repetitions and interpretations you wind up with two very different tales, both cultures placed a high value on oral history and ensured that it was memorised, both cultures had a strictly defined social system, believed in reincarnation, had both a religious aristocracy and a warrior caste, each member of the society had their rights and duties, even down to what they could wear or own. The Irish Druids even had it worked out to exactly the worth of an individuals life if you either accidently or deliberately killed him. I guess we can blame the Indo Aryans for the invention of lawyers. It would be really interesting to see a comparison of DNA from both ends of the diaspora and get an ideal of how much was physical migration and how much was cultural spread.

@topg2820

3 жыл бұрын

You mean to say Hindu (Hindi is one of our languages from Sanskrit), there is ofcourse a lot of similarity between the Celts and us, to add to what similarities you showed the other ones include, Tuatha de Danann and Goddess Dānu, Menhirs and Shiva Linga, Druids and Brāhmaṇs, Dagda and Lord Shiva, etc. Talking about the origin we have our own theory that we call OIT for this spread from the East to West, the problem with DNA analysis in India is that we are a highly diverse population unlike Europeans so the testing needs to be include many factors which current geneticists don't seem to acknowledge without which the results won't be accurate

@perretti

3 жыл бұрын

And Lawyers come from the Tribe or Dan who's role were the Judges in Isreal. The scales you see in law symbolism is their flag with the snake.

@topg2820

3 жыл бұрын

@@perretti no relation to abrahamic religions

@ronlionheart1646

3 жыл бұрын

Yep Indians,Pakistanis,Persians,Kurds,Armenians,Turkey and entire Europe belongs to Indo European family

@brendacooper5729

2 жыл бұрын

@@LiveAtEs Dunno about that, they did invent universal medicare and free inns for travellers, all at the high kings expense, I suppose that does offset the lawyers a bit. Civilisation seems to have gone backward since then in some ways, mostly I suspect due to lawyers. Yes I feel we really should hold lawyers against them.

I remember studying languages that porto Indo-European languages were similar to Sanskrit and Lithuanian. Linguists were able to speak Sanskrit to some villagers in Lithuania.

@tanhukim9963

2 жыл бұрын

This thesis will soon rot. Because your cultures and your words are not the same at all. You are just a language family formed by the exchange of languages.

@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine

2 жыл бұрын

@@tanhukim9963 no ones words are. I have no idea what you mean

@tanhukim9963

2 жыл бұрын

@@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine Brother, I look and compare, there is a lot of difference in language. Any idea if this language family is a race? Geri bildirim

@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine

2 жыл бұрын

@@tanhukim9963 Lithuania is a race and language, a very unique dying language.

@tanhukim9963

2 жыл бұрын

@@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine There is no ignorance about other races in the customs and religions of us Turks. But the Indo-European language I am talking about is not Lithuanian. I meant Indo-European is not a race.

Ninjamas...excellent! Is there a part 2?

Excellent work.

I think as well that considering the Yamnaya as a male population is too much of a bold assumption. I think what dna tells us is that the Yamnaya male pass on more their genes. This can mean that either the conquered males were wiped out, enslaved (thus having little to non descendants) or/and that Yamnaya male took many captive wifes. Female dna of the Yamnaya has also been found. We have to bear that in mind too.

Danke dir mach weiter so ❤️

you havent mentioned anywhere in your videos about the chariot and brone sword archelogical finds in india, that sort of is from the same period as yamnaya culture and technologically even more advanced. its a comment/question?

Did the IEs really look like this (points to carved head on the right) or did they really look more like this (points to stone carving on the left)?

Would like more Maps, and Pictures that show Hut's and implements, etc... and also compare them to other Cultures and Tribes in the area's they moved into...

Next ,Proto-Uralic

@peterfireflylund

3 жыл бұрын

@Jasta Yildirim not only are there similar personal pronouns, there are also some sound correspondences. Very intriguing, indeed.

@TP-om8of

3 жыл бұрын

I speak proto-Uralic at home.

@Istenostor

2 жыл бұрын

Proto-Uralic did not exist, and nor did indo-european (in the way linguists try to prove but always fail). These linguistic-based hypotheses were created in the 18.-19. century, before archeology spread. Since then, it became treated like an axiom, despite there is still not any linguistic proof found for any of these hypothetical proto-languages in the numerous excavations of the last 150 years. These linguistic theories only consider splitting and loaning, but lack mixing by conquer or pacifically, and its obvious circumstances: language mixing, language change, pidginization, as if the split population groups would have occupy an uninhabited territory, or eradicated the previous inhabitants. But instead of corrigating the mistakes, the linguists still try to prove these false theories to justify their previous statements and save their authority. Now they try to link their imaginary proto-indoeuropean language to the yamnaya and corded ware populations, as the possible anchestor. But some of the "indo-european" people did not have yamnaya mixture, or only very few (mostly in South and West-Europe), while other "non-europeans" had many (mostly in Eastern and Central-Europe). I will point out just three examples that have different origin within IE language family: 1. "víz" (hungarian), "Wasser" (german), "water" (english), "voda" (slavic) vs. "aqua" (latin), "apa" (romanian). Hungarian is not consided IE, it is categorized finno-ugric from political reasons by only a few words which are common with finnic people. "Víz" is one of them, but it's also common with the North-European languages. 2. An other is "ház". It can also be found in IE, but also only in the North: "Haus" (german), house (english) vs. domus (latin), domý (slav). You can see that the slavs took this word from the south-european vocabulary, despite being surrounded mostly by germanic, finnic and hungarian speakers, and taking "voda" from north-european. That's because there have been large intermixing throughout the neolithic age with the neighbouring populations. 3. "Are" (english) as a verb was not used in old english. It came from french with the normans. So it's basically a southern word with latin roots. But it can be found in georgian, which is a kartvelian language, so totally an isolate in the territory of Georgia (and a bit of Turkey): "xar" [khar] (singular you are), "arian" (plural you are). The germanic word is "is" and "ist", which is identical with the hungarian referring pronoun "az", "azt" (accusative). The historic reasons: the last time before yamnaya conquer Europe was overpopulated by neolithic farmers, who gave the majority in Hungary after yamnaya income too. The yamnaya culture had these farmer anchestors only in a very small ratio, they derive around half from caucasian hunter-gatherers and half from the north-eurasian hunter-gatherers, whose descendants speak the uralic languages. The finns are the mixture of two populations: these uralic ancient north-eurasians and the ancient european hunter-gatherers. If we accept the presumed yamnaya language is PIE, than greeks, latins, albanians and vlachs are not indoeuropean, while celts and hungarians are partially or debated. Hungarian can be considered indoeuropean (satem) language by its connections with old norse just as much or even more, than it is considered uralic. But it depends on the definition: if we define indo-europanity by the root word for house, slavic languages wouldnt be a part of the group, despite they have much common substrats with indians. So it would be better to define by common root word percentage (that's where southern language groups fail), but we see the centum-satem differentiation is made by only one word (for the number 100). I think it would be a long time for the linguists to change these outdated theories, and a bit longer for the public, most of whom are too lazy to think, and unable to understand complex things.

@TP-om8of

2 жыл бұрын

@@Istenostor this is nothing but a wild conspiracy theory! Everyone knows that Neolithic people didn’t drink vodka. QED.

@Istenostor

2 жыл бұрын

@@TP-om8of I can see, that many people are not able to grasp complex things, but that doesn't change complexity of the reality. Those people are the most acceptant of any dumb-simple propaganda. You can deny theories referring irrelevant things, like vodka-consumption, you'd better confute theories with facts, but your simple opinion won't change the similarities of languages which are spoken by millions.

So interesting. Thank you.

The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture (Romanian: Cultura Cucuteni and Ukrainian: Трипільська культура), a Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BCE) of Eastern Europe was the first victim of Yamnaya expansion. Archaeological records of the Trypillia culture that was an agricultural and sedentary culture of Anatolian farmers, disappeared at the same time as Yamnaya people moved west.

@user-yw3gc4jb7e

3 жыл бұрын

Yes, Yamnaya was actually the first nomadic culture, extremely mobile, aggressive and warlike, like all nomads in the future.

@whoreofdragonstone1031

3 жыл бұрын

@@user-yw3gc4jb7e what is the proof that they were the first nomadic pastoralists? and where did the Yamnaya get their domesticate animals, the things they herded aside from horses arent native to the eurasian steppes

@FiercePretzel

3 жыл бұрын

Cucuteni fall because climate changes, alot of them migrate

@FiercePretzel

3 жыл бұрын

@@whoreofdragonstone1031 they was first nomadic who invent cariages, wheel with spokes. Also they modernize it to war chariots and starts invasions. Scyths invent saddle. Sarmats invent heavy cavalry. Also very interesting is Cimmerians, nomads who live with Scyths at same time but have better metalurgy.

@user-yw3gc4jb7e

3 жыл бұрын

@@whoreofdragonstone1031 Tell me, an older nomadic culture with genuine ownership of horses and wheels, the word "authentic" comes first!

Which was the relation of Yamnaya and R1a and R1b haplotypes?

@jeffmurray1681

3 жыл бұрын

R1a and R1b are Y haplotypes of the Yamnaya.

@12-8O-SMLE

3 жыл бұрын

Haplogroup R is not an East Eurasian haplogroup.

@12-8O-SMLE

3 жыл бұрын

Yamnaya had no haplogroup R1a. They also were R1b-Z2103 which is absent in modern Western Europeans.

The dna evidence doesn't add up. They have found haplogroup R1b In hunter-gatherer remains acrost Europe. Just look up R1b.

Mentioning the very possible introduction of new deseases as means of warfare could have been helpful .In any case great Job !Palaeogenetics are game changing

What's the deal with graves: first it says 'pits' then 'kurgans' Makes no sense for Yamnaya to be both at the same time or is it a class distinction?

@gary_rumain_you_peons

3 жыл бұрын

One would think that raiders and invaders would leave shallow graves for those that were killed in battle, having no time to do much more.

@vladimirthegreen6097

3 жыл бұрын

Yamnaya grave its pit under big kurgan

@Atilla963

3 жыл бұрын

Kurgan is a Turkic word. Grave under ground. Search your history through etruscans scythians sumerians, the languages and civilization started with Proto Turkic people.

@Atilla963

3 жыл бұрын

Namely Sumerians, Turks from Mu.

@Atilla963

3 жыл бұрын

@Jasta 2 Kurgan is still a word used today by Turks. It means grave under ground, or in a cabin like thing, a temple like grave. Go search it.

The skulls found in yamnaya burials have extremely long faces and high nose bridge which resembles modern caucus Georgian or basque facial features

great stuff. I personally cannot get enough prehistory. thank you very much for you and your's hard work

@charlytaylor1748

2 жыл бұрын

I'm hooked, too. Have you seen how much we know about Sumer? It's quite amazing

Excellent work

Please do you know perhaps the name of the painting in 2:27? Thanks!

Trypillya-Cucuten culture, we cant just ignore the advance that they had compared to the yamna or even corded ware cultures. Thanks for the vid tho, very streched thesis imho but who really knows, right? ))) Lets hope we discover more over time and the overall picture gets clearer xD Cheers.

Except for one glaring issue Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were seafarers.. "Scythe" "Plough" "Wheat" "Bread" "Milk" "Cattle" "Goat" "Sheep" "Swine" "Wine" "Beer" "Mead" "Wool" "Hull" "Paddle" "Sail" "Axe" Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans....Suggesting the Indo-Europeans wrere synonymous with the advent of agriculture in the fertile crescent...

@BasqueLandscaping

Жыл бұрын

Would have to completely disagree. For instance one example. In Euskara axe is Aizkora, root word Haitz which means stone. Many words derive from the word Haitz. Suggesting it's far older than indo-european migration into Europe as Euskara is a pre indo-european language.

@Turkish_Model__1

Жыл бұрын

Basque: Aizkora Latin: Ascia

@countbooga6997

11 ай бұрын

​@TurkishModel-c4urself you just proved his point, genius...

@maxkho00

11 ай бұрын

First of all, I'm not sure there was a PIE word for "sail"; the English word "sail" is of unknown origin. Secondly, I'm not sure how any of this says anything more than that PIEans had access to agriculture ─ something which we already know. Words related to seafaring ─ even though I'm not sure specifically which ones you are referring to ─ may just mean the PIEans were aware of sea trade, but this is also consistent with the Yamnaya culture.

@whitepanties2751

10 ай бұрын

Words like 'hull', 'paddle' and 'sail' may indicate familiarity with river or lake going vessels, not necessarily the sea. Ditto the Latin word 'navis', meaning a ship, origin of our word 'navy' is also supposed to be of Indo-European origin, but in origin it may have been a word for a river craft.

What are the Eurasian steps? I’ve only heard of The Steppe....

Can you provide some information about "Early Indians"??

Fascinating. Great video presentation. Imagine the world as they saw and lived in. Thanks for posting.

Someday you could do a video on the spread of the Hoabinhian culture to the Malayas and Borneo.

Why are yamnaya called the yamnaya. There is a Hindu god of death called Yam raj. Does this name have any relation to Yam Naya name.

Hi guys I like your chanel pls tell me if u made video about Europe's mothers?

Most interesting and well presented. Given what we know it might be reasonable to presume the Yamnaya culture was strongly patriarchal and inheritance only passed to the eldest son. Younger sons would be forced to form war bands to carve out their own homes in new territories - with the aid of the horse, the wheel, lactose tolerance, and bronze, such a culture could spread very far very rapidly in an otherwise Neolithic world of less well nourished farmers. Genetics: It's interesting to note that the remaining European hunter-gatherers seemingly marginalised by the greater numbers of farmers who migrated in to Europe from Anatolia may have been at a relative advantage compared to those farmers when the Yamnaya turned up as a result of their lifestyle - while male farmer genetic lineages were largely replaced by Yamnaya ones male hunter-gatherer lineages seem to have had something of a resurgence. It seems at the time to be female regardless of background was 'valuable' given female Yamnaya lineages are scarce in Western Europe and the relative abundances of female farmer and hunter-gather lineages did not change a great deal. Again consistent with male war bands spreading out form an original homeland in the East. Much the same picture, if muddied by later migrations, can be seen East of the caucuses where Indo-European spread as far as India.

Absolutely excellent presentation, up to date, and well researched.

Yes! The reason why I found this channel was a coronatimes rekindling of a past passions of mine: comparative linguistics and paleogenetics, particularly those of Eurasia. So naturally I got this channel recommended after searching videos about the PIE. I love how this video represents the very recent contemporary view that the PIE were not simply invading savages as everything about them was far more complex as the galloped around entire continents for millennia at record speed. Despite that acknowledgment, I’m disappointed in this video’s emphasis on the consensus yet antiquated Steppe hypothesis and mention of it’s also admittedly antiquated rival theory by Colin Renfew in the Anatolian one. I would have enjoyed hearing at least a mention of the recently removed from the fringe Armenian hypothesis, something of a synergy of the two that places the PIE homeland directly intermediary to the other locations. IMO and educated guesswork, I believe the Armenian hypothesis best solves the questions of how PIE culture used words for metallurgy, horseback, and agriculture and was so hybridized. It would fit well with your analysis here. Plus, it’s simply fascinating to see the revolutions of the Bronze Age all the way through the Epipaleolithic all point to the back and forth interplay of cultures in and around Asia Minor.

@lynetteh824

2 жыл бұрын

Have you seen this vid? I'm sure you'll find it very interesting. :) kzread.info/dash/bejne/apyit5KpfcK-k8Y.html

@usmarine4636

5 ай бұрын

Yamnaya is not PIE

Mainly men migrated. Out of interest, what was the proportion of women to men in the California or Yukon gold rushes or in ranching areas in the US west? Could the 'nomadic herdsmen' have practiced transhumance, moving their animals with the season and returning to a 'farming' area for winter for shelter?

Great presentation!

I think more recent evidence point to the Stredny-Stog culture(yamnaya predecessors or cousins) as the origin instead of yamnaya themselves.

@hamitkoci4286

3 жыл бұрын

Any recommended links/articles illustrating this?

Good job. Thanks.

The Yamnaya also farmed, but very little, and what they did they inevitably got from the original Proto-Indo-European speakers in southern Caucasus regions. I am sure Ancient Armenians (original PIE) crossed the Caucasus and spread PIE among those very primitive Ancestords of the Yamnaya, giving them also the ability to grow crops and farm... so it all comes from ANATOLIA... The Kurgan thepry is a big Hoax

When this Yamnaya skulls were re made, they look more like Indians.

@smitprmr

2 жыл бұрын

@Rhaenys Aryan look at google images, berezhnovka 1, kurgan 5 grave 20 and 22 Also Kurgan 1, grave 1 If they loom eurpoean then I salute to you. 🤦‍♂️

@preuischerkaiser8733

2 жыл бұрын

No, there are skulls of 38.000 years old, and they look completely like some modern European types of Red Nórdid.

@memesins5647

2 жыл бұрын

@@preuischerkaiser8733 They don’t look like Europeans for sure.

@vishnuvardhan3047

2 жыл бұрын

@@user-pf4tn2rl9n bro, we should not associate with Mlechas. That will be good for us to establish Dharma.

@omdr-xx7rw

2 жыл бұрын

Iranians more than Indians and Europeans They look like Aryans. IRAN=ARYAN

The factor that isn't being considered properly is that the populations were very different. For example the hunter gatherer lifestyle could not support a large population, whereas Neolithic farming could support far more. The same would be true of bronze age farmers. The male biased Yamnaya immigrant DNA record would suggest not conquest, but trade - particularly in tin and copper, which were rare, and absolutely necessary raw materials for the bronze age culture in the southern civilisations.

@cdwilliams6139

2 жыл бұрын

Only problem with that is in many areas the eff male DNA completely disappears, which would suggest warfare.

@countbooga6997

11 ай бұрын

What exactly are you getting at, if it was simply male yamnaya coming to trade, how would they have wiped out the neolithic male lineages? Your hypothesis doesn't make any sense to me, I am not trying to say that what you're saying is wrong, I'm just a bit confused and would like to hear more and understand your point if you wouldn't mind? I'm very interested in this subject and would like to get a better grasp on the diferrent ideas out there.

@pisquared1827

11 ай бұрын

@@countbooga6997 If the yamna conquered and wiped out or displaced the local population, then Yamna mitocondrial DNA would also dominate because they would bring their wives and relatives with them. It is very unusual for an entire tribe to dump all their womenfolk and travel thousands of miles to exterminate all the males there and marry all their women there. If they were roaming males who moved there to trade in copper and tin, then they would have married local wives to gain mastery of the local language and culture. This is what seems to have happened with the Stonehenge archer. What most non-geneticist historians fail to understand is that the Y haplogroup and the Mitocondrial DNA is inherited exclusively through the paternal and maternal lines exclusively. Therefore given time based on the laws of probability, one will randomly tend to dominate and replace all the others. If there are marriage customs like property or status being inherited along the partiarchical line, then this encourages that Y haplogroup to ensure they have at least some sons, whereas for those who do not have that haplogroup daughters are fine, because they do not inherit anything to pass on anyway. You see the same sort of thing in North and South America. In North America, people came to settle, and they drove out and decimated Native Americans, and brought wives and brides and so Y haplogroups and Mitocondrial DNA of European immigrants both predominate. In Mexico, and South America, Spanish immigrants came over to make a quick buck, so they were mostly men, who ended up staying and marrying local Native Americal women. In south America, European Y chromosomes predominate while there is a lot of Native Amercian mitocondrial DNA. In both North and South America disease and genocide did take place in boyh places, and of course the native population was small compared to the immigrant population, but the distribution of Y haplogroup and mitocondrial DNA is quite different. If the DNA from the Stonehenge burials are anything to go by, the bronze age immigrants were very high status but small in number, and co-existed peacefully and intermarried with the locals. They were able to take over the leadership of the neolithic farmers who built Stonehenge, but respected their customs, and added their own cultural input. A similar sort of thing happened with the Celts at the start of the iron age, and the Anglo-Saxons.

@maxkho00

11 ай бұрын

I still don't understand how such a high men:women ratio implies trade. What's your explanation for why this ratio is so high?

@pisquared1827

11 ай бұрын

@@maxkho00 The Y chromosome is one of 23 human chromosomes. The X chromosome is is its female counterpart (allosomes). The other 22 (autosomes) and the X crromosome in females is paired with its counterpart inherited from the womans father, but in men there is one X chromosome from the mother and the Y chrosome from the father. The Y chromosome is very short and does not carry any functional genes that code for making proteins, and seems to carry only one gene that is important for sperm production, and the rest seem to be switches that turn on and off other genes. It changes very fast, but its effects do not seem to cause anything very critical. The Y chromosome is only inherited through your paternal line, therefore if you go back 10 generations, you will have 1024 ancestors (assuming there is no inbreeding), but you inherited your Y chromosome from only one of those ancestors. Therefore you may be 1023/1024 (99.9%) Neolithic and 1/1024 (0.1%) Yamna, but if you look at only ay the Y chromosome, you think you are 100% Yamna. Because the Y chromosome chain is completely broken if any male does not have sons as any time in the chain of ancestry, There is a statistical tendency for different Y haplogroups to randomly drop out of the gene poll for this reason, Similarly, there is a tendency for marriage practices like patriarchical inheritance or marrying wives from outside groups to concentrate the Y haplogroup and its female counterpart mitocondrial DNA, and cause others to drop out. If you want to look at ancestry, looking at the Y haplogroup or mitocondrial DNA is extremely misleading. This are only useful to trace recent population migrations by tracking movement of individuals. An interesting fact is that Neanderthal DNA analysis showed that the DNA of modern Humans and Neanderthals diverged about 750,000 to 500,000 years ago, but the Neanderthal Y chromosome was completely replaced by modern human Y chromosome about 100,000 years ago, although Neanderthals remained Neanderthal in features and genetics with regard to their genes in general. This may be due to the species barrier eg. male human/female neanderthal hybrids may have been fertile while male neanderthal/human hybrids were not, or it may be because humans being nomadic with human males travelling long distances to trade, look for flints etc. came in contact with neanderthals, while human females who were engaged in child rearing and gathering, stayed within the human tribe and did not.

Do they have verified DNA? What color was their skin?

@malachi-

Жыл бұрын

@MelloWattz Reich etc. just put a few papers out at the end of August, just in case you haven't seen them. Article about paper... Seeking the First Speakers of Indo-European Language by Jonathan Shaw

Btw it looks like you forgot the connection between the Proto-Indo-Europeans and Southern Europe!

Out of them came the celtic, germanic, greek, italic, slavic, balkan and baltic peoples.

@ezzovonachalm7534

3 жыл бұрын

... ALBANIANS ? The oldest ethnic entity of the world speakin' the URsprache ?

@archonpanagiotis6158

2 жыл бұрын

On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?

@brucetucker4847

2 жыл бұрын

@@ezzovonachalm7534 There have to be a hundred different peoples swearing they're the oldest ethnic identity in the world. You're all wrong.

The same thing happened in Africa. African farmers were killed by nomads, yet some people are still trying to say that Ancient Egyptians were Eurasians. Ancient Egypt was agricultural but somehow people can't connect the dots that nomads were civilisation hijackers. R1b is the lineage of nomads, not farmers.

@alisarpin1733

3 жыл бұрын

@Ario 1 Yes i know but the point is that they were nomads who hijacked Egypt. The original Egyptians were of E haplogroup not R1b.

@alisarpin1733

3 жыл бұрын

@Ario 1 Yes, they were agro-pastoral. However, the indigenous people were farmers. The herders overran the farmers and hijacked their lands. Agro pastoralism was born after Central Asian nomads mixed with ancient farmers.

Didn’t they originate from Buryatia?

This is really good

Idk why but I'm soo excited, the algorithm thought this was sth I was interested in because I ✨absolutely am✨

I think the Yamnaya connection is very plausible, even likely in most areas, but it doesn't seem entirely settled yet. Also, you're talking about a movement lasting thousands of years and I doubt an organized conscious "colonization" can explain it.

@MarkVrem

3 жыл бұрын

Depends. If it was an event similar to something like the "GOLD RUSHES" that could move a lot of prospective men to far away lands very fast.

@someguy8732

3 жыл бұрын

A few hundred of years, not thousands. Definitely not 100% deliberate colonization but a collection of tribes belonging to one culture and ethnicity outcompete the Neolithic European Farmers and would raid and conquer them for profit and advancement on a much more local level. Probably similar to the conquest it north america or india, had it been done by dozens of small kingdoms instead of a few empires

@BakedDrLuny

3 жыл бұрын

Domestication of the horse would lead the group to dominate long-distance trading and would enable much larger military forces that could campaign over longer distances. An army that can carry supplies in a baggage train can be much larger than one that can't. So the rapid establishment of a continent-spanning trade network followed by a series of one-sided conflicts that tend to accompany such endeavors could explain the spread of PIE quite well. The bulk of this would have to have happened in a short period before the settled groups had time to acquire and learn how to use horses, with later empires and kingdoms mopping up all but one remaining culture over the next few millennia. In a climate with harsh winters like in Europe, a people displaced by war can face almost complete extermination, as was the fate of many Native American peoples. This would explain the strong genetic dominance of the latecomers.

@theknave4415

3 жыл бұрын

Yes. It was not a linear expansion, as in a conquest. Expansions, contractions, success and failure, natural catastrophes, uncontrolled epidemics/pandemics, etc., etc., etc., over eons of time. My own research indicates a Yamnaya connection, genetically, if not culturally, with the earliest known R Y-DNA found near Baikal Lake in Russia (Mal'ta Boy 24K YPB).

@tylerdurden3722

3 жыл бұрын

I think in recent years it was settled with genetic studies using Yamnaya skeletons. They also discovered the existence of plague in some of the skeletal remains that were buried in goups. So the new theory involves the Yamnaya being one of the first to be hit by this plague. Gaining immunity before anyone else. And then either advancing into areas depopulated by the plague. Or being the ones carrying the plague with them where they went, reducing native populations. (If I had to guess, I'd guess a Zootonic disease from horses😅) The Indo-european language has words for wheel, chariot, bronze, etc. If they had words for such things, then they probably had those things. Making them more militarily advanced than most. Sort of like what happened in the new world. A handful of conquistadors conquering large empires using military advantages and diseases that are minor for themselves, but devastating to the enemy. Perhaps they were like like horsemen of the apocalypse. Guys with horses bring pestilence, war, etc. The 4 horsemen are based on an older part in Zachariah which has 4 Chariots with horses colored the same (instead of horsemen)🤔. Also bringing pestilence, war, famine, etc

This is great! Greets from Albania.

and yet-- yamnayas had mosttly brown eys, and northeuropean have mostly blue eys, how do you explain that?

@marcopony1897

2 жыл бұрын

The blue eyes are from the western european hunter & gatherers

The title of this video is misleading. More correct will be "West Modern European Origins".

@demaskatorr

3 жыл бұрын

@Jasta 2 , we had not been talking of Western Europe but Western Europe ORIGIN. Are you able to comprehend the difference? :-)

@demaskatorr

3 жыл бұрын

@Jasta 2 well, keep learning. You still do not get it. A lot in front of you :-)

But how can be haplogroup R be the hg of Indo-Europeans when the people with the highest percentage of R anywhere in the world, the Basques, speak a language isolate with no known relatives??? And also, how is it that haplogroups R1b and R1a have such contrasting distributions if both Haplogroups were carried to Europe simultaneously by the same culture ?

@topg2820

3 жыл бұрын

The wrongful attribution of linguistics=genetics is one of the main pitfalls of this mainstream mess called Kurgan steppe theory, Basques are as much Europeans as are the Nords, language isolates are found all over Eurasia, doesn't make them different peoples, also talking about the isolates there is a new notion that Vasconic language family is distantly related to the Caucasian mountain family

@memyselfi0120

3 жыл бұрын

@@topg2820 My impression is this. In the ancient past, the region we now call the Middle East was once dotted with several different languages. It just so happens that those living in Anatolia specifically are the ones to first adopt agriculture. These people developed new tools and cultural practices around this new lifestyle and as such added new words to their language. As we all know, they eventually spread these new innovations far and wide from their homeland likely in several distinct waves. And, as the hunter-gatherers they encountered adopted these new tools and techniques, they borrowed the words for them into their languages and that's how the Indo-European language family formed. Again, there was likely at least two waves from Anatolia; first with the initial spread of stone age agriculture, and secondly with advent of metallurgy. Otherwise known as The Secondary Products Revolution.

@topg2820

3 жыл бұрын

@@memyselfi0120 not possible, agriculture was independently developed in SSVC (IVC) too, it's probably a westward migration (and subsequent isolation) that has given rise to this condition

@archonpanagiotis6158

2 жыл бұрын

On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?

What is "bp"? Before presemt?

@maddyg3208

3 жыл бұрын

British Petroleum

8:41 SCYTHIANS (Yamnaya culture - 3300 BC) ORIGIN: THRACIANS 10:24

Great video, thanks! I would like to add a small little note, it's YAmnaya, the emphasis is on the YA. Comes from a Russian word "yama", which a whole in the ground.

@dhananjaysiddhe8976

2 жыл бұрын

Yama is is God of death. In Indian culture

@archonpanagiotis6158

2 жыл бұрын

On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?

@messianic_scam

2 жыл бұрын

stop lying in history it's not Yama it's yamna these people came from ancient immigration from yemen_saba the sabeans went every where they have islands in Pacific with their name Saba islands listen to the word yamenya

@messianic_scam

2 жыл бұрын

@@dhananjaysiddhe8976 Yama is different than yamna

@messianic_scam

2 жыл бұрын

@yitzhak shekkelsteingoldmanberg I'm not scamer there was ancient flood happened in Saba most of the nation left Saba and went to look for new home they went EVERY WHERE sabeans never stopped immigrating to europe this explains the identical letters between the Nordic letters and sabean letters

Beautiful documentary

@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for watching!

Nice. No underwater mics. Have you upgraded? I like it.

Amazing we've come so far, given the choice of footwear displayed at 3.14!

Yep,that is me then just tested R1b L23,which is Proto Indo-European.Gretings from Romania.

@TP-om8of

3 жыл бұрын

Hey, I think you’re my cousin. Could I borrow some money?

@corneliuscornia4436

3 жыл бұрын

@@TP-om8of Where are you from anyway?😀

I think the idea of cart & wheel could have come from Indus Valley & yamnaya bettered it by domestication of horses gave them the edge during early bronze age.

@sodinc

3 жыл бұрын

The earliest wheel was found north of the Caucasis, in Adygeya republic as far as i remember. I have doubts in your theory, but i wouldn`t say that it is impossible

@isagjokaj795

3 жыл бұрын

Ari people spread its use

@112deeps

3 жыл бұрын

the potters used wheel for pots made on turning wheel & bulls were common motif in indus civilization & were domesticated well before horses for farming. There are indus excavation sites with chariot burial & childrens chariot toy. Question is what era were these pre bronze or bronze! The toy was made of metal copper or bronze. The hypothesis needs to be investigated without bias. In general most technology is developed in urban & city based civilization & population base of the indus saraswati basin was largest of the ancient civilizations, & traded with all peoples around the area the nomads, pastoral & other civilizations.

@MichaelT_123

3 жыл бұрын

Look at "Bronocice pot"... depiction of 4 wheeled wagon and probably agricultural fields. ~3500 BC

@sodinc

2 жыл бұрын

@Store Patternator world was big even back then, things were spreading

Were the basque in europe first?

The close out narration I’d like to offer a little audio advice. The voice over was highly over driven, did not match the audio of the voiceover of the video. Care should be taken to get a consistent audio quality in the voice-over. I had the volume to a comfortable level for the continent, and then the clothes out came on and it was really “in your face”, and the sudden shift in audio quality was distracting and annoying, and will chase viewers away, rather than draw them in to your sales pitch.

Since the “onslaught” on the farmers seems to have occurred rather rapidly, it is fair to say that the nomads had some kind of a population explosion. It is hard to think that strictly pastoral culture can achieve that, although allegedly drinking horse milk has advantages than cow milk and keeping horses in winter is easier than cows, because of their grazing habits. Having a word for barley does not however mean it was necessarily cultivated. It could have been traded. There must and I assume there are other indicators related to verbs rather than nouns that reveal their knowledge of agriculture. Diseases and immunity may also have been a major factor. The predominance of nomadic male genes and the farmer female genes may indicate both violence against male populations of the farmers or higher social status of the nomadic males in a mixed population. But why on earth would the female peasant mother not teach her children her own mother tongue instead of the foreign lingo of the foreign male??? Sometimes I am inclined to believe that there might be something hidden in the language itself, perhaps indo-european is easier to acquire, more streamlined than the ancients ones. Languages do de-evolve and generally become simpler. In India they seem to have subdued an old culture, superimposed their gods and mythologies on the conquered peoples but probably much later, as they had somewhere along the way acquired or themselves independently created a script. However Mitani and the Hitites did not manage to transform the languages of their conquered subjects nor influence their pantheons or myths significantly, probably because of their association with centuries old and much more developed literary traditions (Semitic and Sumerian) that have till now influenced most of the western indo-europeans. Nevertheless it remains still an unsolved mystery why my mother tongue and the one I am scribbling here in or the one that is spoken in the place I live in (Germany) are all indo-european. An amazing feat and a still to a great extent a puzzle.

@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449

3 жыл бұрын

Great insights here! Thanks for commenting!

@dreddykrugernew

3 жыл бұрын

Its more like the Great Migration Period, we know from dating that the Earth went through some sort of cataclysm around this period, The Epic Of Gilgamesh, what probably happened is either they migrated when the event was taking place or after it. They simply bounced back from a cooling event more quickly, they replaced the Anatolian farmers in Britain by 93% of the population and the only place we see have seen that happen is the Americas when Europeans arrived from disease, we know from graves that the Yamnaya had a form of the plague that was a flu on the Steppe at this time, they also had mastered metallurgy with high status individuals being buried with copper maces, they also master riding the horse. It seems R1b was the first wave of Yamnaya into Europe with the second wave, which is R1a, dominating the Steppe now along with Eastern and Northern Europeans.

@mushtaqbhat1895

3 жыл бұрын

@@dreddykrugernew But of course, most migrations are either due to population explosion or climate induced but not all. Compare some Babylonians and Assyrians Despots. Many of them took whole populations captive, especially in Middle East. Cyrus was an exception! And the Mongols occasionally just looted and returned back without altering any culture. At present we can only imagine what will be the mass exodus from rapidly increasing populations of middle east and Africa, if there is a prolonged drought or something congenial.

@mushtaqbhat1895

3 жыл бұрын

I have of course some thoughts of my own, that may contribute to solving at least some aspects of the puzzle. I am writing it down here, because I hope to motivate some more research in this area. The Indo-Europeans had some kind of rigid marital regulation mechanisms and perhaps for some reason a disparity in the the ratio of males to females. Since it apparently was in some unknown way a highly stratified society, they must have had also some kind of regulations to avoid incest. This perhaps strict exogamic culture or the lack of sufficient females may have lead to raids for females along with cattle. The latter seems to be a wide-spread trait amongst the pastoralists through out the world. A prime example are the Masai and the Herders of the Asian grasslands. The rape of the Sabine women may be a reminder of the ancient tradition. In India for some reason they seem to have avoided intermarriage with the subjects and given up the habit of female abduction or decimation of the male population, whatever the case might have been elsewhere. That may perhaps be the reason for the most complex system of marriage of the upper classes in India. It is mind-boggling, the rituals and the astrology. Latest research seems to reveal that it was basically a complex methodology to avoid incest and yet at the same time avoid any “contamination” of the races or classes. This may partly clarify the DNA evidences but still does not say anything about the spread of the languages. One has therefore to assume patrilocality for that. The females were “imported” so to say within an existing local culture. In my opinion it could not have been matrilocal. But that is just a speculation on my part, which however I think would be worth investigating.

@absolmute

3 жыл бұрын

"But why on earth would the female peasant mother not teach her children her own mother tongue instead of the foreign lingo of the foreign male???" Just some thoughts on this... In Mesoamerica, the spaniards came in relatively small numbers and all male. In the colonies, spanish, nahuatl and the indigenous language were all spoken but due to the political and religious language being spanish over the span of a few hundred years it was mainly spanish being spoken by the mestizo population in the colonial centers.

Lastima que no lo hagan en español o, por lo menos, subtitulado que se pueda leer 👍🕉♟🔱

@SaltyMinorcan

3 жыл бұрын

Dentro de la parte inferior del video, haga clic en la rueda pequeña para configuraciones, subtitles, auto-translate. Desplácese hacia abajo y haga clic en "español"

@alejandrocivitanovae8320

2 жыл бұрын

cuando vas a aprender ingles?

@starlink2426

2 жыл бұрын

Ingles é muito facil

Does this mean it would be more accurate to call PIE 'The Yamnaya Language" and therefore call the Indo-European language family the Yamnayan Language Family

@brucetucker4847

2 жыл бұрын

Since the name Yamnaya has nothing to do with anything those people called themselves or anyone else at the time called them, I don't see how it would be any more accurate.

Yam naya? In the centenary now which nationally close them?

I am glad that I found this site for I have learned much about ancient Europe without all the myth and legend but with the science and facts.

@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for your kind words of support! What you just described is what we strive for! Have a great weekend!

Hell yeah. You jump on your horse and ride until the girls think you look exotic.

@horrorhabit8421

2 жыл бұрын

I'm going to try this.

@fritzfromsouth5935

2 жыл бұрын

Girls today think you're hot just because you have a good car, priorities.

@chrisnewbury3793

2 жыл бұрын

lmfao

@chrisnewbury3793

2 жыл бұрын

so funny cause it's so true

We can go back further than Yamnaya/Khvalynsk Cultures 4,000-5,000 BCE to Mal'ta-Buret culture with Mal'ta Boy near Lake Baikal, Siberia. The artifacts found in this culture clearly point to a cosmological story of creation with the three sneks, "Venus" figurines (only found in Europe and far distant Lake Baikal). A pre-proto-Indo-European culture and speaking people from 5,000 BCE to c.27,000 BCE.

Interesting that we assume the warriors were more desirable sexually --instead of recognizing, there was probably way too much rape.

@brucetucker4847

2 жыл бұрын

I wouldn't assume it was rape. Could be more like collaboration or war brides. Kill or enslave all the men and install yourself as the new boss of the village, the women can either choose to be one of your concubines or go without a man, with all that entails economically - it's not very nice, but I'm not sure I'd call it rape. "Desirable" doesn't necessarily mean physically attractive, it means you have more to gain from a relationship with him than from a relationship with a man of lesser socio-economic status, or no relationship at all. Women trading sexual access for status and stuff, and alpha males monopolizing status and stuff so they can trade them for sex, have been a part of human society for at least a million years.

@72mak51

2 жыл бұрын

@@brucetucker4847 "a million years.... " Rape is older. We probably shouldn't sugarcoat it.

@lifa7660

2 жыл бұрын

@@brucetucker4847 What makes u think the conquered women had a choice to go without a man? Remember we are talking about a society extremely patriarchal to the core where women were just possessions and being traded like commodities. Just because u dont want to recognize the situation as it is doesnt make it reality. So u r in a situation where all the males in a community are murdered and women are war time possession s of some war heroes. Why is it hard to accept that in this kind of situations mass raping is viable? Moreover, your answer tries to give off of the idea that conquered women had the liberty to make a choice. Sorry, but in extremely patriarchal societies even thinking of such options seems ridiculous where the status of women is just to fulfill men's desire and produce offspring. And indo-europeans were notorious for being patriarchal. In contrast the culture they conquered practiced certain degrees of matriarchy( Harappans. Sumerians.minoans.etruscans.elamites.vinca.) There seems to be obsolete practice in different circles to present Disney version of Cinderella strory even though the reality is far from what they want people to believe.

@brucetucker4847

2 жыл бұрын

@@lifa7660 You've been reading some really outdated fiction. Yes, early Indo-European societies probably were fairly patriarchal, but there's nothing in the historical record to support your puerile Bronze age rape party fantasy.

@fritzfromsouth5935

2 жыл бұрын

@@lifa7660 product don't speak

#Steppegang 💪🏻

"Bulgare" ( chunk/ ball of matter) in Romanian "Bulk" ( some quantities of material) in English Both from proto indoeuropean "Bh'a'lg"( pile)

I agree with one of the commenrts below. This is good, but would become fantastic if it also included: more maps+pictures of landscapes (pow and as it ws then) . I would also add a few genetic diagrammes and pics ot artefacts (cordedware etc).

@archonpanagiotis6158

2 жыл бұрын

On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?

@annepoitrineau5650

2 жыл бұрын

@@archonpanagiotis6158 Very interesting, but I absolutely hate the notion that being 99.5% Caucasian makes Greek DNA "clean". That sounds like a statement written by Goebbels.

@annepoitrineau5650

2 жыл бұрын

@@archonpanagiotis6158 Forgot to say: no change in the last 3000 years? that is not very much to look back on, in fact.

So, the Yamnaya men were all named Chad or Tyrone?

So there were no mothers then. Figures.

The image in the cover are the menhirs from Laconi, Sardinia.

I'm puzzled as how the assertion by many that Proto-Celtic and Proto-Italic are more closely related to each other than to Proto-Germanic fits in with what we learn in the video.

@whitepanties2751

Жыл бұрын

It does not, as that is a different subject. The Italic and Celtic language groups are both branches of the larger Indo-European language family. This video is about the origins of Indo-European and its early spread into Europe. Its subsequent break up once in Europe into branches like Celtic, Italic, Germanic, Albanian, Greek and possibly other extinct branches like Thracian, and then the further division and sub-division of some of those branches into e.g. Germanic into German, Dutch, English, Frisian, the Scandinavian languages and the extinct East Germanic branch that included Gothic, came later, outside the scope of this particular video. (The Italic group included various related languages in Italy in very ancient times such as Oscan and Latin, but with the spread of the Roman Empire all of them died out except Latin, a late and colloquial form of which gave rise to French, Spanish, Italian etc.) Incidentally, I have no reason to doubt scholars who believe there are sufficient fundamental similarities between the Celtic and Italic languages that for a period in prehistory Italo-Celtic was one branch of Indo-European but then split. However, the similarities are so distant and weak now that I can confirm from personal experience that having been good at Latin at school is absolutely useless for understanding road signs and such like in Welsh.

I find it odd that Proto-Indo-European had no word for the sea but yet they had the massive Caspian Sea and the Black Sea right on their doorstep.

@Rich-Oh

2 жыл бұрын

Don't you mean "door steppe"? *Wink*

Renfrew has subsequently repudiated his Anatolia theory

@NorthCharlton

3 жыл бұрын

I have read that too. The culture diffusionists, and their ideological allies were in the ascendant for a long while; and, when forced to admit migration as an explanation, were desperate to make it partial, limited, and as non-violent as possible. This slant is still very strong in Britain, as any view of popular British documentaries on the formation of England will show. If diffusion alone cannot be supported by the evidence, then peaceful exchange and a temporary elite dominance will be the second line of defense. J.P. Mallory's "In Search of the Indo Europeans" seems to have stood the test of time, and genetic archeology, much better that Renfrew's work.

@topg2820

3 жыл бұрын

Renfrew sir is one of the main usurpers who had mainstream appeal in rightfully questioning this mainstream mess of a theory, his theory might not be right but his criticisms are very accurate

Who were the " Worms " that the Oera Linda mention 🤔🤔🤔 One interesting fact to be taking into consideration is the fact based on control research, the so - call Cromagnon people did maintain their DNA without external influence for over two hundred and fifty thousand years 🤔🤔🤔

What happened to the DNA part? I was waiting for ancient chromosomes etc.

@memyselfi0120

3 жыл бұрын

That's easy. Just take your computer and reconstruct them.

A typical example of the mixing of Yamnaya males with females from the Anatolian farming tribes is the Mycenaean Greeks. Genetic studies clearly show this. But Greek mythology and tradition confirms this with the infamous descents of the early Greek tribes, such as the Ionians, the Achaeans, the Aeolians and the Dorians.

@billba

2 жыл бұрын

Even Herodotus mentions Ionians mixed with Carians of Anatolia.

@MrNektarios1973

2 жыл бұрын

@@billba Yes in Anatolia, but not in Asian Minor.

@pablogats4627

Ай бұрын

but dont we have low yamnaya dna? Southern europeans in general? I'd like to know more about the link between yamnaya and Greeks