Posterior Triangle of the Neck
The posterior triangle is a space on the side of the neck
situated behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Boundaries
Anteriorly
Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Posteriorly
Anterior border of trapezius.
Inferiorly
Middle one-third of clavicle.
Apex
Lies on the superior nuchal line where the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid meet.
Roof
The roof is formed by the investing layer of deep cervical fascia,
The superficial fascia over the posterior triangle contains:
1. The platysma.
2. The external jugular and posterior external jugular veins.
3. Parts of the supraclavicular, great auricular, transverse cutaneous and lesser occipital nerves 4. Unnamed arteries derived from the occipital, transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries.
5. Lymph vessels which pierce the deep fascia to end in the supraclavicular nodes.
Floor
The floor of the posterior triangle is formed by the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia, covering the following muscles:
1 Splenius capitis.
2 Levator scapulae.
3 Scalenus medius.
4 Semispinalis capitis may also form part of the floor.
Division of the Posterior Triangle
It is subdivided by the inferior belly of omohyoid into:
1. A larger upper part, called the occipital triangle.
2 A smaller lower part, called the supraclavicular or the subclavian triangle
Contents of Posterior Triangle
Occipital Triangle
Supraclavicular Triangle
Nerves
1. Spinal accessory nerve
2. Four cutaneous branches of cervical plexus: a. Lesser occipital (C2)
b. Great auricular (C2, C3)
c. Anterior cutaneous nerve of neck (C2, C3)
d. Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
3. Muscular branches:
a. Two small branches to the levator scapulae (c3, c4)
b. Two small branches to the trapezius (C3, C4) c. Nerve to rhomboids (proprioceptive) (C5)
4. C5, C6 roots of the brachial plexus
Vessels
1. Transverse cervical artery and vein 2. Occipital artery
Lymph nodes
Along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, more in the lower part- the supraclavicular nodes
and a few at the upper angle-the occipital nodes
Supraclavicular Triangle
1. Three trunks of brachial plexus
2. Nerve to serratus anterior (long thoracic, c5, c6, c7)
3. Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
4. Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
Vessels
1. Third part of subclavian artery and subclavian vein
2. Suprascapular artery and vein
3. Commencement of transverse cervical artery and
termination of the corresponding vein 4. Lower part of external jugular vein
Lymph nodes
A few members of the supraclavicular chain
Clinical Anatomy
The most common swelling in the posterior triangle is due to enlargement of the supraclayicular lymph nodes, While doing biopsy of the lymph node, one must be careful in preserving the accessory nerve which,may. get entangled amongst enlarged lymph nodes
Supraclavicular lymph nodes are commonly enlarged in tuberculosis, Hodgkin's disease, and in malignant growths of the breast arm or chest.
Block dissection of the neck for malignant diseases is the removal of cervical lymph nodes along with other structures involved in the growth. This procedure does not endanger those nerves of the posterior triangle which lie deep to the prevertebral fascia, i.e- the brachial and cervical plexuses and their muscular branches.
A cervical rib may compress the second part of subclavian artery. In these case blood supply to upper limb reaches via anastomosis around the scapula.
Dysphagia caused by compression of the oesophagus by an abnormal subclavian artery is called dysphagia lusoria Elective arterial surgery of the conrmon carotid artery is done for aneurysms, AV fistulae or arteriosclerotic occlusions. It is better to expose the common carotid artery in its upper part where it is superficial. While ligating the artery. care should be taken not to include the vagus nerve or the sympathetic chain.
Second part of the subclavian artery may get pressed by the scalenus anterior muscle, resulting in decreased blood supply to the upper limb. If the muscle is divided the effects are abolished.
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Пікірлер: 37
keep posting many videos mam , it is very helpful
@HumanAnatomyLessons
11 ай бұрын
Thank you, I will
Amazing mam tq so much
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
Most welcome
Very nice video mam👌👍
@HumanAnatomyLessons
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot
Thank you ma'am for your wonderful class❤
@HumanAnatomyLessons
8 ай бұрын
It's my pleasure
Thanks you so much mam for making such wonderful videos. Regards 🙏🙏🙏
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you 😊
Thank you so much ma'am, following your video's from so many days, and it helped a lot for me ♥️
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
My pleasure 😊
Thank u so much mam 🥰🙂🙂very helpful video 😌☺☺
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
Most welcome 😊
Great explanation mam👌
@HumanAnatomyLessons
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you 😊
Do you teach for a living?! You teach so well! Your presentations are really nice!
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
Teaching anatomy is my passion. For past 10 years I am not working due to certain reasons. Still I wanted to do, hence started a KZread channel to teach. If it help any one, that is my living
Thank u ma'am
@HumanAnatomyLessons
4 жыл бұрын
Most welcome 😊
Ma'am which is the application you are using to explain the concepts ?
@HumanAnatomyLessons
4 жыл бұрын
Its 3d4 for complete anatomy
Thankyou ma'am . You made this easy to understand 👌
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
Most welcome
Good day mam thats a great video, I just want to query about the occipital triangle, on the contents you are saying there is a supraclavicular nerve, but that nerve I think is actually suprascapular nerve looking at the direction it's going and it's way far from the clavicle. Please clarify . Thank you, Kabelo Physiotherapist in South africa 🇿🇦
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
Please check this video for the details of the contents kzread.info/dash/bejne/pIKjz5alk8qcpps.html
One correction Mam, first digitation of serratus anterior not scal. Ant
@HumanAnatomyLessons
4 жыл бұрын
The floor is formed by 1) M. semispinalis capitis 2) M. splenius capitis 3) M. levator scapulae 4) M. scalenus posterior 5) M. scalenus medius sometimes by scalenus anterior
@joeljaison3358
3 жыл бұрын
Human Anatomy Lessons but maam in Vishram singh it is written as serratus anterior is it wrong maam
@HumanAnatomyLessons
3 жыл бұрын
Different author has different opinion. Confirm with Grey's anatomy. Thats the final answer
@joeljaison3358
3 жыл бұрын
Human Anatomy Lessons thank you ma’am
thank you so much!! this is the best video i can find on youtube!!!!!!!
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
You're very welcome!
Which app 🤔?
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
3d4 complete anatomy
@ridhamsanghani6811
2 жыл бұрын
@@HumanAnatomyLessons thank you mam I grateful for your support 🙏 ❤️ 🙌
@HumanAnatomyLessons
2 жыл бұрын
most welcome