Carotid Triangle
BOUNDARIES
Anterosuperiorly: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the stylohyoid.
Anteroinferiorly: Superior belly of the omohyoid.
Posteriorly: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Roof
1 Skin.
2 Superficial fascia containing:
a. The plastysma.
b. The cervical branch of the facial nerve.
c. The transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck.
3 Investing layer of deep cervical fascia.
FIoor
It is formed by parts of:
a. The middle constrictor of pharynx.
b. The inferior constrictor of the pharynx
c. Thyrohyoid membrane.
CONTENTS
Arteries
1 The common carotid artery with the carotid sinus and the carotid body at its termination;
2 Internal carotid artery; and
3 The external carotid artery with its superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal and occipital branches.
Veins
1 The internal jugular vein.
2 The common facial vein draining into the internal jugular vein.
3 A pharyrgeal vein which usually ends in the internal jugular vein.
4 The lingual vein which usually terminates in the internal jugular vein.
Nerves
1. The vagus running vertically downwards.
2. The superior laryngeal branch of the vagus, dividing into the external and internal laryngeal nerves.
3. The spinal accessory nerve running backwards over the internal iugular vein.
4. The hypoglossal nerve running forwards over the external and internal carotid arteries.
The hypoglossal nerve gives off the upper root of the ansa cervicalis or descendens hypoglossi, and another branch to the thyrohyoid.
5. Sympathetic chain runs vertically downwards posterior to the carotid sheath.
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