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Durometer is the unit of hardness. Hardness can be measured with an instrument called a durometer. There are various forms of the instrument, but essentially it consists of an indenter, connected to a spring that reads out on a dial.
There are many different scales for measuring durometer. Polyurethanes are typically measured on the Shore A or Shore D scales. Polyurethanes are typically between 60 Shore A and 75 Shore D. Below 60 Shore A the physical properties of the elastomer begin to decline. 60 Shore A is quite soft for polyurethanes, it’s comparable to a car tire. 95 Shore A is a medium hardness similar to a shopping cart wheel. 75 Shore D is very hard, like a hard-hat.
Polyurethane is a great material for abrasion resistance, load bearing applications, and molding complex shapes. Due to the liquid nature of the raw material, urethanes can be cast in low pressure tools, offering significant cost savings over injection molded components.