Dr. Jalal Mohsin Uddin
D T CD, F C P S (Pulmonology)
Assistant Professor, N I D C H
Contents
Burden of pneumococcal disease in adults
Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in adults
Why Adult Vaccination?
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in adults
Evolution of guidelines for pneumococcal vaccines in adults
Steps to improve adult vaccination coverage in clinical practice
Summary & take-home message
Introduction
Pneumococcal disease (P D) is caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumonia, which is also known as pneumococcus.
There are more than 90 serotypes of this bacterium.
Introduction continue
Pneumococcal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide .
There are invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases.
There are wide range of infections
caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Ear infections
Sinus infections
Pneumonia
Bacteremia
Meningitis
Sepsis
Who are at risk of developing pneumococcal disease?
Although anyone can get pneumococcal disease, those at particularly high risk are infants and young children.
Adults who are 65 and older and individuals with chronic medical illnesses or weakened immune systems include smoking, alcoholism, chronic heart, kidney, liver or lung disease.
Who are at risk of developing pneumococcal disease? continue
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Cochlear implant
Diabetes
HIV infection,
Cancer,
Solid organ transplant,
Taking medicine that weakens the immune system
Nephrotic syndrome
Sickle cell disease,
Damaged spleen, or no spleen
Certain Chronic Medical Conditions Can Increase the Risk of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults
Incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia from a population-based prospective cohort study
in adults ≥50 years of age (N=2,025,730) in Catalonia, Spain, 2015, by select risk conditions
Co-morbidities in patients of community-acquired pneumonia
The most prevalent comorbidities are:
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16.4%-34.2%)
hypertension (13.6%-38.1%)
diabetes mellitus (9.9%-24.7%).
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