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Volcano refers to a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent in which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
The External Parts of a Volcano:
⮚ Summit is the highest point or the apex of the volcano. At the summit, there is an opening which may either be a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano while a caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption.
⮚ Slopes are the sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent.
⮚ Base is lower outer part of the volcano.
Other Geologic Features of a Volcano:
Magma - molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
Magma Chamber - a region beneath the vent of a volcano where molten rock or magma is deposited or stored before eruption.
Conduit -an underground central tube-like or pipe-like structure of a volcano that connects the magma chamber to the crater through which the magma travels.
Secondary Vent - a pathway where magma reaches the earth’s surface without going through the main vent.
Sill - a flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano
Throat - entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash.
Main Vent - the main opening or outlet on the surface of a volcano that emits lava, gases, ash or other volcanic materials.
Parasitic Cone - a small cone-shaped volcano formed by an accumulation of volcanic debris.
Lava - a molten rock which is given off onto the surface of the Earth when a volcano erupts.
Ash and Gas Cloud - a mixtures of rock, minerals, glass particles and gases expelled or pushed out of the volcano during volcanic eruption.
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